7/6/24, 2:18 p.m. SIS 2.

DEF Dosing Control System (M0100662-02)

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Illustration 1 g06172881
Typical example
(1) Exhaust inlet from back pressure valve
(2) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system

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(3) Exhaust out
(4) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) sensor
(5) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) injector
(6) Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
(7) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) supply line
(8) Coolant return to engine line
(9) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) pump
(10) Coolant supply from engine line
(11) Coolant diverter valve
(12) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) tank
(13) Coolant supply connector
(14) Suction connector
(15) Backflow connector
(16) Coolant return connector
(17) DEF suction line
(18) DEF backflow line
(19) Electronic Control Module (ECM)
The Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Control System consists of the following components.

Pump Tank Unit (PTU)

DEF injector

DEF System Heated Lines

Pump Tank Unit (PTU)

The Pump Tank Unit (PTU) consists of the following components.

DEF tank

DEF pump

DEF header

Coolant diverter valve

DEF Tank
The DEF tank stores the DEF. The size of the DEF tank will depend on the application.

The DEF solution is made of 32.5 percent urea solution and 67.5 percent deionized water. Urea
is a compound of nitrogen that turns to ammonia when heated.

Ensure that the correct specification of DEF is used. Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual for more information.

DEF does degrade over time at elevated temperatures. Due to freezing risk, the tank, pump, and
lines must be heated and designed to contain frozen DEF.

DEF Pump

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Illustration 2 g03403876
Typical example
(1) Inlet
(2) Coolant inlet
(3) Backflow
(4) Coolant outlet
(5) Outlet
(6) DEF filter
The pump supplies filtered DEF fluid to the DEF injector. The pump consists of inlet port (1)
which is the suction side of the pump. The pump then pressurizes the fluid up to 896 kPa
(130 psi) and supplies the fluid though outlet port (5). There is a fixed orifice within the pump that
purges the pressure off the pressurized circuit. This pressure relief will stabilize the pressure in
the line when the DEF injector is opening and closing.

Once the engine is shut down, the pump will start to go into a purge mode. The DEF Injector will
open and the reverting valve within the pump will reverse the flow of the pump and purge the
pump and pressure line. This reversed flow will route any remaining DEF fluid back to the tank.

The DEF inlet and backflow connectors have a 100 micron screen to filter any debris in the
system.

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Engine coolant is routed through the pump to warm the pump during cold-weather operation.

Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual for the correct procedure to replace the DEF filter.

DEF Tank Header - Type 1

Illustration 3 g06132474
Typical example
(1) DEF tank header filter (40 micron)
(2) Coolant tubes
(3) DEF level sensor (float)
(4) DEF pickup tube

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(5) DEF tank header filter (100 micron)
(6) DEF tank temperature sensor (integrated within DEF level sensor, not shown)
(7) DEF quality sensor
(8) DEF back flow tube
The DEF tank header is located in the DEF tank. The tank header consists of several parts and
performs the following functions:

Fluid Level Sensor

There is a tank level sensor to measure the amount of usable DEF in the tank. The level sensor
includes a flotation device that contains a magnet. As the fluid level changes, the float slides
along a shaft that contains a series of reed switches and resistors. There are multiple reed
switches for different heights of the tank. The magnetic float closes the passive reed switch and
completes the circuit of resistors giving a different resistance output. The tank level sensor will
send a signal to the ECM to signal that the level of DEF is low. The engine may derate.

DEF Pickup Tube

The DEF is pulled from the bottom of the tank through a filter.

DEF Tank Header Filter

At the end of the DEF Pickup tube is a 100 micron filter to filter debris from entering the system.
The filter is serviceable.

DEF Tank Header Filter

A 40 micron filter wraps around the coolant tubes to filter debris from entering the pickup and
backflow circuits. The filter is serviceable.

Coolant Tubes

The coolant supplied by the engine will flow through the tubes when the coolant diverter valve
opens. Coolant runs along the pickup tube to the bottom of the tank and then spirals around the
level sensor. The heat from the coolant will thaw any frozen DEF in the tank or header. The heat
will also prevent the DEF from freezing around the pickup tube.

DEF Backflow

The pump has a backflow circuit to return DEF back to the tank. The backflow tube returns the
DEF to the top of the tank.

DEF Tank Temperature Sensor

At the bottom of the tank header, integrated within the DEF level sensor and near the DEF tank
header filter is a tank temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a passive thermistor. The
resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature. This sensor monitors the temperature of the
DEF in the tank. This temperature is used to determine when to turn on the coolant diverter
valve.

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DEF Quality Sensor

At the bottom of the tank header next to the DEF tank header filter is the DEF quality sensor.
The DEF quality sensor uses an optical Near Infra-Red (NIR) technology that takes
measurements of urea concentration by measuring the chemical properties of the DEF solution.
Based on these chemical properties and fluid temperature, the sensor is able to detect urea
concentration with an accuracy of up to 2 percent. If the sensor detects the quality of DEF is not
within specifications, a fault code will trip indicating the DEF concentration is not correct. The
engine may derate.

There is a configuration parameter in the electronic service tool called "Aftertreatment #1 DEF
Quality Sensor Installation Status" that must be programmed to "Installed". The parameter is
factory password protected. The DEF tank header with the DEF quality sensor is a data link type
sensor. The temperature sensor and level sensor are also data link type sensors on DEF tank
headers with the quality sensor.

DEF Tank Header - Type 2

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Illustration 4 g07784305
Typical example
(1) DEF tank header filter (40 micron)
(2) Coolant tubes
(3) DEF level sensor (float)
(4) DEF pickup tube
(5) DEF quality sensor
(6) DEF tank temperature sensor (integrated within DEF level sensor, not shown)
(7) DEF tank header filter (40 micron)
(8) DEF back flow tube
The DEF tank header is located in the DEF tank. The tank header consists of several parts and
performs the following functions:

Fluid Level Sensor

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There is a tank level sensor to measure the amount of usable DEF in the tank. The level sensor
includes a flotation device that contains a magnet. As the fluid level changes, the float slides
along a shaft that contains a series of reed switches and resistors. There are multiple reed
switches for different heights of the tank. The magnetic float closes the passive reed switch and
completes the circuit of resistors giving a different resistance output. The tank level sensor will
send a signal to the ECM to signal that the level of DEF is low. The engine may derate.

DEF Pickup Tube

The DEF is pulled from the bottom of the tank through a screen.

DEF Tank Header Filter

At the end of the DEF Pickup tube is a 40 micron filter assembly to filter debris from entering the
system. The filter is serviceable.

DEF Tank Header Filter

A 40 micron filter wraps around the coolant tubes to filter debris from entering the pickup and
backflow circuits. The filter is serviceable.

Coolant Tubes

The coolant supplied by the engine will flow through the tubes when the coolant diverter valve
opens. Coolant runs along the pickup tube to the bottom of the tank and then spirals around the
level sensor. The heat from the coolant will thaw any frozen DEF in the tank or header. The heat
will also prevent the DEF from freezing around the pickup tube.

DEF Backflow

The pump has a backflow circuit to return DEF back to the tank. The backflow tube returns the
DEF to the top of the tank.

DEF Tank Temperature Sensor

At the bottom of the tank header, integrated within the DEF level sensor and near the DEF tank
header filter is a tank temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a passive thermistor. The
resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature. This sensor monitors the temperature of the
DEF in the tank. This temperature is used to determine when to turn on the coolant diverter
valve.

DEF Quality Sensor

At the bottom of the tank header next to the DEF tank header filter is the DEF quality sensor.
The ultrasonic DEF quality sensor uses the speed of sound within a fluid to identify concentration
of the fluid. This is achieved by measuring the time it takes for the emitted ultrasonic signal to be
reflected off a known fixed reference point. Based on the chemical properties and temperature of
the fluid, the sensor is able to detect urea concentration with an accuracy of up to 2 percent. If

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the sensor detects the quality of DEF is not within specifications, a fault code will trip indicating
the DEF concentration is not correct. The engine may derate.

There is a configuration parameter in the electronic service tool called "Aftertreatment #1 DEF
Quality Sensor Installation Status" that must be programmed to "Installed". The parameter is
factory password protected. The DEF tank header with the DEF quality sensor is a data link type
sensor. The temperature sensor and level sensor are also data link type sensors on DEF tank
headers with the quality sensor.

Electric Components of the PTU

The Pump Tank Unit (PTU) consists of the following components:

Coolant Diverter Valve

Controls coolant flow to the tank and DEF pump

Heated Lines

The heated lines are electrically heated lines that will turn on any time the ambient temperature
is cold. These lines will thaw frozen DEF after starting in cold ambient temperatures. The heated
lines will also stay heated during operation to prevent any freezing during operation.

DEF Level Sensor

The level sensor will measure the amount of DEF in the tank. This level sensor is made up of
multiple reed switches that will open and close when a magnetic float moves over these
switches. The DEF header will provide the ECM the level measurement that will be converted
into a "DEF Level Percentage".

DEF Tank Temperature Sensor

This sensor is at the bottom of the tank and is integrated within the DEF Level Sensor.

Coolant Diverter Valve

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Illustration 5 g03403819
Typical example
(1) Flow direction indicator
The coolant diverter valve is located near the top of the PTU. The coolant diverter valve is a
normally closed valve. The valve is a unidirectional flow valve. The system is used to thaw the
frozen DEF fluid in the DEF tank before dosing occurs. Warming the system is achieved by
taking warm coolant from the engine and routing the coolant through the tank and DEF pump.
The coolant diverter valve will open when the tank temperature needs to be increased. Once the
DEF tank temp is warm enough, the system will start dosing. The usable temperature of the DEF
is between −10° to 55°C (14° to 99°F).

DEF Injector

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Illustration 6 g03403923
Typical example
(1) Electrical Connector
(2) DEF Supply line
(3) Coolant return port
(4) Coolant supply port
The DEF injector is mounted to the Clean Emissions Module (CEM). The DEF injector is a valve
that injects DEF as a fine spray into the exhaust gases as an atomized mist. after the Diesel
Particulate Filter (DPF). The spray pattern being conical for good mixing with the exhaust is
critical.

The tip of the injector, that is located in the exhaust flow, is cooled by coolant that flows through
an internal coolant passage from the engine coolant supply.

The DEF injector can become damaged when exposed to high temperatures so it is important to
keep it cooled. The coolant flow, as well as the DEF injection process, provides the cooling
capability needed to protect the injector.

High temperatures at engine shutdown can exceed the hardware limit of the DEF injector and
damage the injector tip.

An Injector Coolant Tank (ICT) is used to protect the DEF injector. ICT provides a reservoir of
coolant above the injector which keeps the injector cooled so that high exhaust temperatures at
engine shutdown will not damage the DEF injector. Coolant boils at the DEF injector and vapor
travels up into ICT while liquid coolant from ICT backfills coolant lost to boiling. Energy lost to
boiling helps to maintain the DEF injector temperatures below hardware limits.

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Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Sensors

There are two NOx sensors supplied with the engine. One NOx sensor is installed in the Clean
Emissions Module (CEM). The other NOx sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe of the
application.

The engine produces NOx as the engine operates. The engine out NOx sensor measures the
amount and communicates that value to the Electronic Control Module (ECM). The tailpipe out
NOx sensor monitors the NOx level out of the catalyst and communicates that value to the ECM.
Based on the engine out and the tail pipe out NOx sensor values, the flow rate of the Diesel
Exhaust Fluid (DEF) will adjust to meet the desired tail pipe out target.

Illustration 7 g03403971
Typical example
(1) Sensing unit
(2) Cable (black for engine out, gray for CEM out)
(3) Sensor electronic control unit
(4) Electrical connector

The NOx sensor contains a sensing element, a harness, and an electronic control unit. The
sensing element is composed of two chambers and a heater. The first chamber measures the
amount of oxygen and the second chamber measure the amount of NOx and NH3. Using
electrochemistry, a ceramic material attracts ions at approximately 800° C (1472° F) and an
electrode on the chamber wall measures the electrical charge in voltage or current. The voltage
or current signal is then received by the NOx sensors electronic control unit and interpreted into

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a NOx concentration. The heater is used to maintain the sensing element temperature, as
sensing element is sensitive to moisture. If the sensor sees any moisture while at 800° C
(1472° F), then the moisture could quickly cool the element which would cause the element to
crack. At engine start-up there is always some moisture within the exhaust pipes. So the sensors
will not start working until the exhaust temperature around the sensors is greater than 100° C
(212° F) for approximately two and a half minutes.

DEF System Heated Lines

The DEF flows in the heated lines from the DEF tank to the DEF pump. The DEF then travels
through another heated line from the DEF pump to the DEF injector. The heated lines are heated
by an electrical resistance.

Even though the system has been purged of DEF there are small quantities of DEF that can be
left behind. The DEF supply line, suction, and the back flow line are heated to thaw any
remaining DEF in the lines. The heated lines will prevent restrictions in the pump and injector
once the system begins to dose.

The heated lines have the following characteristics.

Thermoplastic core tube with fabric reinforcement

Stainless steel heating wire

Extruded thermoplastic jacket

Heat/abrasion shield

Quick disconnect connector

Cold-Weather Operation
Since DEF freezes at −11.5° C (11.3° F), the system can thaw the DEF before dosing.

Engine coolant is supplied to the PTU. The coolant diverter valve will turn on anytime the DEF
Tank temperature is less the 15° C (59° F) at start-up. During operation, if the DEF tank
temperature drops below 15 °C (59 °F) or ambient temperature falls below 5 °C (41 °F) then the
coolant diverter valve will activate to keep the DEF from freezing. The tubes running through the
tank will thaw the DEF to a useable temperature. Then DEF dosing will occur once the DEF has
been thawed and the DEF tank temperature is greater than −6° C (21° F). The DEF dosing will
not wait for the entire tank to thawed. The coolant will then flow through the DEF pump to warm
the pump. The coolant will then return to the engine water pump inlet. The DEF supply lines,
suction lines, and backflow lines are heated electrically.

The DEF dosing system must be fully functional within 70 minutes following initial start-up.

Note: If the DEF has not been removed from the lines and pump during cold-weather operation,
the DEF will expand as the fluid freezes and damage the pump. For this reason the purge
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process must be followed in cold weather. The purge process will take 2 minutes of run time. Do
NOT turn off battery power until this pump has completed the purge cycle.

Operator Level Inducement

Inducement is defined as something that helps bring about an action or a desired result. The
purpose of inducements is to prompt the operator to repair or perform maintenance on the
emissions control system.

Inducement strategies are control actions required by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and California Air Resource Board (ARB) Tier 4 Final and European Union (EU) Stage V
regulations. Inducement strategies ensure prompt correction of various issues in the engine NOx
emissions control system. They require actions to limit engine performance and define required
indications such as visual alarms including lamps and messages, as well as audible alarms,
while the control actions are imposed. The times for lights, derates, and alarms will vary between
EPA and EU.

The Inducements are separated into categories. DEF Level has unique inducement fault codes
and is separate from the other inducement categories. While DEF level inducements are simply
based on the DEF level, the other inducement categories are based on escalating time. The
escalating time inducements will always have an associated fault code along with the
inducement fault code. The associated fault is the root cause. The escalating time inducement
fault code is just an indicator of what level of inducement the engine is in and how much time
remains until the next level of inducement.

The times for each level of inducement also vary depending on if the inducement is in first
occurrence or repeat occurrence. Occurrences are defined as:

First occurrence

When an escalating time inducement fault becomes active for the first time.

Repeat occurrence

When any escalating time inducement fault becomes active again within 40 hours of the first
occurrence. Engine must run for 40 hours without tripping any escalating time inducement fault
before it can get back on first occurrence times.

Note: Refer to Troubleshooting, "SCR Warning System Problem" for the associated codes for
each of the escalating time categories.

The inducements are initiated by the engine ECM. The "Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp"
will illuminate if any inducement fault code, including DEF level, becomes active. The system
reaction is varied based on the category of the fault code and what inducement parameters are
selected.

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Inducements include derates and forced idle down or shutdown. When the engine derates, the
rpm and torque are reduced. Using the electronic service tool, the customer can choose either
idle or shutdown for a Level 3 inducement. The engine default is shutdown.

Note: Visual and audible warnings on industrial applications may vary from what is shown under
the Lamp Strategy table. Industrial applications will not have audible alarms.

Programmable parameters to select different Inducements

options
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Regulation Configuration

Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Progress Configuration

Engine Emissions Operator Final Inducement Action

Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Progress Configuration

“Reduced Performance” configuration allows operation of the engine for a longer period of time,
but the engine will progressively derate the longer the engine is operated.

“Reduced Time” configuration allows operation of the engine with full power, but for a reduced
amount of time.

Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Regulation Configuration

This programmable parameter will define the emissions regulation that the engine will follow in
the event an inducement becomes active. The location of the engine must be considered before
selecting this parameter. The "Worldwide" configuration may be used in any region of the world
and will be emissions-compliant. The "European Union" may only be selected if the engine will
operate in Europe. Once the "European Union" configuration is selected, the unit cannot go back
to "Worldwide". If used outside of this region the engine will not be emissions-compliant. Only a
select number of industrial engines will be allowed to select "European Union" configuration.
Changing configuration can only be done by an authorized distributor with factory passwords.

Engine Emissions Operator Third Level Inducement Action

This configuration determines what will happen when the third level of inducement occurs. In
"Idle Down" configuration, once the engine enters the third level of inducement, the engine will
experience a 100 percent derate, and the engine speed will be limited to 1000 rpm.

In "Shutdown" configuration, once the engine enters the third level of inducement, the engine will
shut down. The operator may restart the engine. The engine will run for 5 minutes at 100 percent
derate and then shut down. This event will occur until the issue is resolved.

Note: If low idle is set higher than 1000 rpm, then only "Shutdown" configuration can be
selected.

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Safe Harbor Mode (Worldwide)

Safe Harbor Mode (Worldwide) is a 20 minute engine run time period that the engine can be
operated with full power after reaching a level 3 inducement. Once in level 3 inducement, the
operator can perform a key cycle and the engine will enter Safe Harbor Mode. The safe harbor
mode can be used to move the machine to a location where the machine can be serviced. If 20
minutes of engine running time has passed and the fault has not been corrected, the engine will
reach final inducement with derates until the fault has been fixed. Safe Harbor Mode can only
be implemented once. Safe Harbor Mode is not allowed for DEF level inducements with
Worldwide configuration.

Safe Harbor Mode (European Union)

Safe Harbor Mode (European Union) is a 30 minute engine run time period that the engine can
be operated with full power after reaching a level 3 inducement. Once in level 3 inducement, the
operator can perform a key cycle and the engine will enter Safe Harbor Mode. The safe harbor
mode can be used to move the machine to a location where the machine can be serviced. If 30
minutes of engine running time has passed and the fault has not been corrected, the engine will
reach final inducement with derates until the fault has been fixed. Safe Harbor Mode can only
be implemented up to three times.

Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode

Override
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode Override allows a technician to
service inducement-related faults on a machine while having full engine operation and no derate
effects. This mode is initiated through a connection with the electronic service tool. This mode
requires a factory password to activate. Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode
Override can be entered as many times as necessary and does not have a time limit. However, if
electronic service tool loses connection, the Override will automatically turn off. The electronic
service tool "Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode" is located in the "Diagnostic
Tests", "System Troubleshooting Section" of the engine ECM.

Service Tests Which Override Inducements

There are several service tests which will be allowed to run while inducements are active.
Service tests provide the ability to diagnose and fix the issue that led to inducement without the
use of factory passwords. While these tests can always be run on machines, not all industrial
applications will be able to run service tests while inducements are active. In those cases, the
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode Override with factory passwords will need
to be used.

Service Test that Override Inducements:

Aftertreatment System Functional Test

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Aftertreatment NOx Sensor Functional Test

EGR System Test

DEF Coolant Diverter Valve Test

Inducement Strategy for DEF Level (Worldwide)

Illustration 8 g06152707
Typical example
(52) DEF Level Gauge: This gauge shows the amount of DEF in the DEF tank.
(53) DEF Level Gauge Amber lamp: This amber lamp indicates that the DEF level is low.
(54) Check Engine Lamp (CEL): This lamp activates for all engine and aftertreatment faults that affect the engine.
(55) Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL): This lamp activates for all emissions faults that trigger inducement
strategy.
(56) Action Lamp: For machine engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 2 or Level 3 fault is active.
(57) Red Stop Lamp: For industrial engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 3 fault is active. Symbols may vary.
(58) Audible Alarm: For machines, the alarm sounds when a Level 3 fault is active.

Low DEF Level Warning

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Illustration 9 g03523436
Typical example
If the DEF level falls below 20 percent, the DEF level gauge amber lamp will illuminate. To avoid
inducements, turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank.

Level 1 Inducement

Illustration 10 g03523619
Typical example
If the DEF level falls below 13.5 percent, the engine will be in level 1 inducement. A 1761-17 or
E954 (1) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - least severe (1) diagnostic
code will become active. The Check Engine Lamp (CEL) and Emissions Malfunction Indicator
Lamp (EMIL) will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will continue to illuminate.

Level 2 Inducement

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Illustration 11 g03523621
Typical example
If the DEF level is below 7.5 percent, the engine will be in level 2 inducement. A 1761-18 or E954
(2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic
code will become active. The DEF level gauge amber lamp, CEL, and EMIL will remain lit. The
CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and
the DEF level has reached 1 percent, the machine will have a 50 percent derate.

Level 3 Inducement

Illustration 12 g03523622
Typical example
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible
alarm for industrial application.

If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF tank has been emptied of all
DEF, the engine will be in a level 3 final inducement. If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Time"
and the DEF level is 3 percent, the engine will be in a level 3 final inducement. When in level 3
inducement, a 1761 -1 or E954 (3) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low -
most severe (3) diagnostic code will become active. The DEF level gauge amber lamp, CEL, and
EMIL will remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will flash at a faster rate and a red stop lamp will
illuminate solid. The engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low
idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to
"Idle Down", then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine

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will shutdown after 5 minutes. The engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at
derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.

Note: Turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank to reset the DEF level
inducement.

Inducement Strategy for Escalating Time Inducement

Categories (Worldwide)
Level 1 Inducement

Illustration 13 g03523624
Typical example

Reduced Performance
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1
inducement, a 5246 -15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1)
diagnostic code will become active. There are three inducement categories.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 2.5 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 1 inducement
fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.

If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 10 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 2, level 1 inducement faults.

If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 36 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 3, level 1 inducement faults.

Reduced Time
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1
inducement, a 5246 -15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1)
diagnostic code will become active. There are three inducement categories.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 2.5 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 1 inducement
fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.

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If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 5 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 2, level 1 inducement faults.

If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 18 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 3, level 1 inducement faults.

Level 2 Inducement

Illustration 14 g03523637
Typical example
Note: The action lamp will not illuminate for industrial applications.

Reduced Performance
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to
inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR
Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will
remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. The engine will have a 50% derate.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 70 minutes for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2
inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.

If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 10 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a
duration of 2 hours.

If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 64 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 3 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a
duration of 5 hours.

Reduced Time
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to
inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR
Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will
remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 70 minutes for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2
inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
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If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 5 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a
duration of 1 hour.

If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 18 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 3 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a
duration of 108 minutes.

Level 3 Inducement

Illustration 15 g03523639
Typical example
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible
alarm for industrial application.

If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 2, the strategy advances to
inducement level 3. When in level 3 inducement a 5246 -0 or E1389 (3) Aftertreatment SCR
Operator Inducement Severity (3) diagnostic code will become active. For machines only, an
audible alarm will begin to sound 20 seconds prior to the level 3 inducement. The CEL and EMIL
will flash at a faster rate and a red stop lamp will illuminate solid.

The engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is
greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then
engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shutdown after
5 minutes. A key cycle will allow safe harbor mode to kick in. Safe harbor is only allowed once.
After safe harbor, the engine will be in level 3 final inducement. If set to "Shutdown", the engine
may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again.
This action will continue until the issue is resolved.

Inducement Strategy for DEF Level (European Union)

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Illustration 16 g06152707
Typical example
(52) DEF Level Gauge: This gauge shows the amount of DEF in the DEF tank.
(53) DEF Level Gauge Amber lamp: This amber lamp indicates that the DEF level is low.
(54) Check Engine Lamp (CEL): This lamp activates for all engine and aftertreatment faults that affect the engine.
(55) Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL): This lamp activates for all emissions faults that trigger inducement
strategy.
(56) Action Lamp: For machine engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 2 or Level 3 fault is active.
(57) Red Stop Lamp: For industrial engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 3 fault is active. Symbols may vary.
(58) Audible Alarm: For machines, the alarm sounds when a Level 3 fault is active.

Low DEF Level Warning

Illustration 17 g03523436
Typical example
If the DEF level falls below 20 percent, the DEF level gauge amber lamp will illuminate. To avoid
inducements, turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank.

Level 1 Inducement
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Illustration 18 g03523619
Typical example
If the DEF level falls below 13.5 percent, the engine will be in level 1 inducement. A 1761-17 or
E954 (1) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - least severe (1) diagnostic
code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber
lamp will continue to remain lit.

Level 2 Inducement

Illustration 19 g03534876
Typical example

Reduced Performance
When the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF level is below 1 percent,
the engine will be in level 2 inducement. A 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust
Fluid Tank Level : Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and
EMIL will illuminate and flash slowly. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit. The engine
will have a 50 percent derate. When the DEF tank has been emptied of all DEF, the engine will
have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. No
further inducement action will occur for "Reduced Performance" configuration. Safe Harbor
Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles.

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Reduced Time
When ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is below 8 percent, a 1761-18 or
E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level: Low - moderate severity (2)
diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash slowly. The DEF
level gauge amber lamp will remain lit.

Level 3 Inducement

Illustration 20 g03523622
Typical example
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible
alarm for the industrial application.

Note: The stop symbol may vary.

Reduced Time
If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is 0 percent, a 1761 -1 or E954
(3) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - most severe (3) diagnostic code
will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash at a fast rate. An action lamp or
red stop lamp will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit. The engine
will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final
inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then engine will just
continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shut down after 5 minutes.
Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles. After Safe Harbor Mode is completed, the engine
will return to idle or shut down. If in shutdown configuration, the engine may be restarted, but will
only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue
until the issue is resolved.

Note: Turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank to reset the DEF level
inducement.

Inducement Strategy for Escalating Time Inducement

Faults (European Union)
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Level 1 Inducement

Illustration 21 g03523624
Typical example

Reduced Performance
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a fault a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in
level 1 inducement, a 5246 - 15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity
(1) diagnostic code will become active. There are two inducement categories.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 36 hours.

If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 10 hours.

Reduced Time
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a fault a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in
level 1 inducement, a 5246 - 15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity
(1) diagnostic code will become active. There are two inducement categories.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 18 hours.

If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a
duration of 5 hours.

Level 2 Inducement

Illustration 22 g03523624
Typical example

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Reduced Performance
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to
inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR
Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will
flash slowly.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 64 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement
fault will occur for a duration of 5 hours.

If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 10 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a
duration of 2 hours.

The engine will have a 50 percent derate. If the fault is not corrected before the inducement
duration ends, the engine will become 100 percent derated and be limited to 1000 rpm or low
idle, whichever is greater. No further inducements will occur for "Reduced Performance"
configuration. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles.

Reduced Time
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to
inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR
Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will
flash slowly.

If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 18 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement
fault will occur for a duration of 108 minutes.

If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a
duration of 5 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a
duration of 1 hours.

Level 3 Inducement

Illustration 23 g03535019
Typical example

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 17: 06/0 91
1
7/6/24, 2:18 p.m. SIS 2.0

M0 7:58- 7
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible
alarm for the industrial application.

©2 1 0 0 0 3:0
Note: The stop symbol may vary.

024 62 6 0
Reduced Time
Cat
If configured to "Reduced Time" and a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement
erp
level 2, the strategy advances to inducement level 3. When in level 3 inducement a 5246 -0 or
illa
E1389 (3) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (3) diagnostic code will become

r In
active. The CEL and EMIL will flash at a fast rate. An action lamp or red stop lamp will also
illuminate solid.
c.
The engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is
greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then
engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shut down after
5 minutes. A key cycle will allow safe harbor mode to kick in. Safe harbor is allowed up to three
times. After safe harbor, the engine will be in level 3 final inducement. If set to "Shutdown", the
engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting
down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.

PIP-10118791
2024/06/07
17:17:44-03:00
i06930323
© 2024 Caterpillar Inc.

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