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Data Science Life Cycle: Detailed Explanation
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20 October, 2022 Anbu Joel

Data Science

Summary
This blog explores the Data Science Lifecycle, focusing on applying Machine Learning and
Analytical Methodologies to achieve business goals. Anbu Joel, a Data Science Expert,
discusses the phases, including data cleaning, preparation, modeling, and evaluation. It
covers the roles of data scientists, data engineers, data science architects, data science
developers, and data science managers in data science projects. It emphasizes the
importance of understanding business objectives and data analysis to make meaningful
decisions. It provides valuable insights for data science enthusiasts looking to build a
successful career.

Table of Content
What is a Data Science Life Cycle? +

Data Science Life Cycle: Steps Involved +

Different Individuals Involved in Data Science Projects +

Conclusion +

As the name implies, data science is the area of study that investigates enormous volumes
of information using modern tools and techniques to find unseen patterns, derive
meaningful information, and make business decisions based on that information. Predictive
models are built using complex machine learning algorithms in data science. The data used

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for analysis can come from many different sources and be presented in various formats.

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is a Data Science Life Cycle?
The Data Science Lifecycle is an extensive step-by-step guide that illustrates how machine
learning and other analytical techniques can be used to generate insights and predictions
from data to accomplish a business objective.

Several processes are taken during the entire process, including data preparation, cleaning,
modeling, and model evaluation. The process is lengthy and could take several months to
finish.

Data Science Life Cycle

The life cycle of data science contains the following steps:

1. Understating the Business problem

2. Preparing the data
3. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
4. Modeling the data
5. Evaluating the model
6. Deploying the model
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Now, let’s understand every step in detail.

Understanding the Business problem

The "why" question served as the catalyst for many world advances.

Every good business or IT-focused life cycle begins with "why," and the same is true for
good data science life cycles. The business objective must be clearly understood because
it will be the analysis's end result.

A crucial aspect of the early stages of data analytics is to look at business trends, develop
case studies of related data analytics in other businesses, and conduct market research on
the business's industry. These duties are regularly undertaken by stakeholders at this early

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stage of data analytics. All members of the team evaluate the internal infrastructure,
internal resources, the total amount of time required to complete the project, and the

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technological requirements for the project. Once all of these analyses and evaluations have
been completed, the stakeholders begin developing the primary hypothesis on how to
resolve all business difficulties based on the current market condition after all of the
preliminary analyses
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In short, to define the business problem for the data science project following are the
essential points to remember.

List the issue that needs to be resolved.

Define the project's potential value.
Determine the project's risks, taking ethical issues into account.
Create and distribute a flexible, high-level project plan.

Preparing the data

The second phase of the data science life cycle is data preparation. This is to prepare the
data to understand the business problem and extract information to solve the problem.
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Selecting data related to the problem.

Combining the data sets, you may integrate the data.
Clean the data to find the missing values.
Handle the missing values by removing or imputing them.
Errors are dealt with by being removed.
Use the box plots for detecting outliers and handling them.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Before really developing the model, this step entails understanding the solution and the
variables that may affect it. To understand data and data features better, we create heat
maps, bar graphs, and charting.
We need to keep a few factors in mind when analyzing the data, including checking that the

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data is accurate and free of duplicates, missing values, and even null values. Additionally,
when working on model construction, we need to be sure that we recognize the crucial

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accuracy of our conclusions.
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factors in the data set and eliminate any extraneous noise that can really reduce the

70% of the data science project life cycle time is spent on this step. We can extract lots of
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information with the proper EDA.

Modeling the data

This is the most important step of the life cycle of data science. This tells a lot about a data
science project. This phase is about selecting the right model type, depending on whether
the issue is classification, regression, or clustering. Following the selection of the model
family, we must carefully select and implement algorithms to be used inside that family.

There are numerous hyperparameters. Therefore, we should determine the model's ideal
hyperparameter values. We don't want to overfit. So hyperparameter tuning is important in
model building. This hyperparameter tuning makes the model predict correctly.

Evaluating the model

We built a model in the previous phase. But isn't our model effective? Therefore, we must
determine our model's existing status to improve it.

To evaluate the model to understand the model works better. There are two techniques
used widely to assess the performance of the model. They are Hold-Out and Cross-
Validation used in data science to evaluate models.

Holdout evaluation is the process of testing a model with data that is distinct from the data
it was trained on. This offers a frank assessment of learning effectiveness.

Cross-validation is the process of splitting the data into sets and using them to analyze
the performance of the data. In the cross-validation procedure, the initial observation data
set is divided into two sets: a training set for the model's training and an independent set
for the analyses' evaluation. Both approaches use a test set (unseen by the model) to
assess model performance in order to prevent over-fitting.
If the evaluation does not yield a satisfying outcome, we must repeat the modeling

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procedure in its entirety until the necessary level of metrics is attained.

Metrics that are used to evaluate the models are:

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Classification models:
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Accuracy
ROC-AUC
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Precision-Recall o Log-Loss
Regression models:
MSAE
MSPE
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Unsupervised Models:
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Rand Index

With the help of this step, we choose the right model for our business problem. Based on
this step, we create the model best suits our needs.

Deploying the model

We have reached the end of our life cycle. In this step, the delivery method that will be
used to distribute the model to users or another system is created.

For various projects, this step can mean many different things. Getting your model results in
a Tableau dashboard might be all that is necessary. or as complicated as growing it to
millions of users on the cloud.

Any shortcuts used during the minimally viable model phase are updated to systems fit for
production. This phase is typically carried out by team members who are more
"engineering-focused," such as data engineers, cloud engineers, machine learning
engineers, application developers, and quality assurance engineers.

The many phases of the data science life cycle should be carefully considered. The entire
effort is wasted if any step is carried out incorrectly because it will have an impact on the
following phase.
For instance, improper data collection will result in information loss and a model that is not

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perfect. The model won't function effectively if the data is not adequately cleaned. The
model will fall short in the real world if it is not adequately examined. Each phase, from
business comprehension to model deployment,
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consideration, time, and effort.
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You can have data without information, but you cannot have
information without data.

Different Individuals Involved in Data Science Projects

Data Scientist
Finding and analyzing rich data sources, combining data sources, developing visualizations,
and utilizing machine learning to build models that help derive practical insight from the
data are all tasks performed by data scientists. They are familiar with the entire data
exploration process and are able to present and communicate data insights and discoveries
to other team members. To put it simply, they use the scientific discovery process, which
includes hypothesis testing, to acquire useful information about a scientific or commercial
challenge.

If you are the team leader for a data science team, you must be aware that managing data
scientists similarly to managing software engineers may cause them to become frustrated.
The difference between data scientists and software engineers must be understood, and
data scientists must be managed in a way that doesn't alienate them.

Data Engineer
The right data are made available and accessible by data engineers for data science
projects. They create, develop, and code programs that are data-focused and collect and
clean data. Additionally, this function promotes the uniformity of datasets (e.g., the

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meaning of attributes across datasets).
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Science Architect
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The architecture of data science facilities and applications is designed and maintained by
data science architects. In other words, this position develops and oversees workflows,
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data storage systems, and related data models. They coordinate the management and
fusion of massive amounts of data and its relevant sources with the Data Engineer.

Data Science Developer

Large data analytics programs are designed, created, and coded by data science
developers to assist scientific or business/enterprise activities. This position enables
models to be deployed (i.e., used in production) and calls for some data science expertise
as well as practical software development knowledge. This position is sometimes referred

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to as a machine learning engineer. In any case, they support the bridging of the software
development and data science worlds.

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Data Science Manager
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A data science manager is the team's shepherd, bringing all the jobs together and enabling
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them to perform to the best of their abilities. They maintain communication with all clients
and fulfill all promises. They guarantee prompt, high-quality deliveries. They are in charge
of change management and encouraging business users to use the service.

Conclusion
Planning to become a Data Science Professional? OdinSchool offers a hands-on Data
Science Course that will expose you to the most in-demand skills, and prepare you for a
Data Science job. It also comes with dedicated placement assistance. Connect with a
career counsellor to get started.

About the Author

Meet Anbu Joel, a talented writer who enjoys baking and taking pictures in addition to
contributing insightful articles. He contributes a plethora of knowledge to our blog with
years of experience and skill.

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