Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Business School

Assignment 1 : Essay

(INDIVIDUAL)
Student name Muhamad Azani Yahya

Smart ID 00000118045

Programme Master in Business Administration

Semester January 2024

Course Business Law & Ethics

Course Code MBA 7253

Weightage 30 points
Submission date 21.4.24 or earlier: Submit assignment to
Canvas = ODL students
Teams = Conventional Students
Assignment Instructions

1. Students are to ensure all work done are NOT plagiarized and are properly
referenced.

2. Students must use the designated cover sheet when handing in assignments.

3. Students must use APA referencing system.

4. Students must comply with the deadline given to for this assignment.

5. Students must state their names and smart Id clearly.

Individual Assignment 1 (30 marks)

Learning Outcome For Individual Essay

CLO 2: Students are able to analyze ethical and legal problems critically to determine
appropriate courses of action. (C4, PLO 11)
PLO 11: this relates to developing students to be innovative in the application of knowledge,
think critically and suggest possible solutions which meet ethical and professional standards
in resolving business management issues.

Choose ONE (1) of the FOUR (4) Topics for Research about the role of business ethics.

(i) Role of ethics in a partnership business

(ii) Role of ethics in the management of a business. For example, corporate
governance, corporate social responsibility, ethical business decision-making
(iii) Role of ethics in employee relations including data privacy matters
(iv) Role of ethics in the industry which you work in or any industry of your interest.

INSTRUCTION: Choose one area only and write an evaluative essay. When you research the
area of your choice, you can review a minimum of two articles and a maximum of five published
articles. The style of writing is informal style. (Introduction, content and conclusion).
You must give real life examples to support your views as you write. (30 marks)

Instructions to students
o Submission of students’ assignment into the plagiarism checker TURNITIN is required prior
to uploading into TEAMS/CANVAS respectively. (ODL students use the CANVAS platform.
NON ODL students use the TEAMS platform). Maximum two (2) attempts are allowed for
each student. The Enrolment Key will be given by the lecturer. Similarity below 30% is
acceptable. Receipt of submission must be uploaded together with the student’s assignment.

o The assignment should have:

 Front Cover (Refer to the attachments for the cover page)
 Introduction, content and conclusion

o The written essay should follow and obey regulation as listed below:
 Font type : Microsoft Word
 Size :12
 Line Spacing :1.5
 All references must be written in American Psychological Association (APA)
(7th Edition) format.
 Estimated number of words: between 2500 - 3000 words.
o Rubrics are provided as a guide.
Rubrics for Essay

Criteria

Excellent Good Adequate Limited

(3.25 - 4) (2.25 – 3) (1.25 - 2) (0.25 - 1)

Introduction Engaging, Clearly introduces Adequate Limited
relevant, and the topic and introduction, but introduction with
effectively provides context. may lack unclear context.
introduces the engagement or
topic. clarity.
Content The essay The essay shows a The essay The essay shows a
demonstrates a good demonstrates limited
thorough understanding of some understanding of
understanding of the topic. Ideas understanding of the topic. Ideas
the topic. Ideas are mostly the topic. Ideas are under
are original, well- developed and are partially developed and
developed, and supported with developed and lack supporting
supported with relevant evidence lack consistent evidence and
relevant evidence and examples. evidence and examples.
and examples. examples.
Organization The essay has a The essay has a The essay has a The essay lacks a
clear and logical generally clear somewhat clear clear structure.
structure. Ideas and logical structure, but Ideas are
flow smoothly structure. Ideas some ideas are disorganized, and
and are well- are mostly well- poorly organized. there are no clear
organized into organized into Paragraphs may paragraphs or
paragraphs. paragraphs, with lack coherence, transitions.
Transitions are some minor issues and transitions
seamless. in transitions. are weak.
Language The language The language used The language The language
used is is generally used is somewhat used is
sophisticated and appropriate for appropriate for inappropriate for
appropriate for the topic and the topic and the topic and
the topic and audience. There audience. There audience. There
audience. There may be occasional are noticeable are numerous
are minimal grammar, spelling, grammar, grammar, spelling,
grammar, or punctuation spelling, or or punctuation
spelling, and errors, but they punctuation errors that make
punctuation do not errors that the essay difficult
errors. significantly affect occasionally to understand.
understanding. hinder
understanding.
Overall The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay lacks
presented in a presented neatly. somewhat proper
Presentation
professional and There may be presentable. presentation.
visually appealing minor issues with There are There are
manner. formatting or noticeable issues significant issues
Formatting and citation style (if with formatting or with formatting or
citation style (if applicable), but citation style (if citation style (if
applicable) are they do not applicable) that applicable),
correct. significantly affect occasionally making the essay
References the overall detract from the appear
provided are presentation. overall unprofessional.
appropriate. References presentation. References are
provided are References not cited in
appropriate but is provided are all report.
in incorrect cited in report.
format.
 Role of Ethics in a Partnership Business

1.0 Introduction:

In the modern business landscape, ethics play a crucial role in shaping the success and
sustainability of partnership businesses. Ethical conduct within partnerships not only fosters trust
among stakeholders but also contributes to long-term growth and positive reputation. This
executive summary provides an overview of the key aspects of ethics in partnership businesses.
Ethical behavior forms the foundation of trust within partnerships. Partners rely on each other to
act with integrity, honesty, and fairness in all business dealings. Trust facilitates effective
communication, collaboration, and decision-making, essential for achieving shared goals and
objectives. Ethical conduct enhances stakeholder confidence in the partnership. Customers,
suppliers, investors, and employees are more likely to engage with and support a partnership that
demonstrates a commitment to ethical values. Positive relationships with stakeholders contribute
to business resilience and competitiveness. Ethical behavior contributes to a partnership's
reputation and brand image. Partnerships known for ethical practices attract customers, investors,
and talent, leading to a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Conversely, unethical behavior
can damage reputation and erode trust, resulting in long-term consequences for the business.
Ethical conduct ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Partnerships must
adhere to laws, regulations, and industry standards governing business practices, employment,
environmental protection, and consumer rights. Ethical behavior minimizes the risk of legal
issues and reputational damage associated with non-compliance. Ethical principles provide a
framework for decision-making within partnerships. Partners should consider the ethical
implications of their actions, weighing the interests of all stakeholders and upholding values such
as honesty, fairness, respect, and responsibility. Ethical decision-making guides partnerships
towards sustainable and socially responsible practices. Ethical behavior mitigates risks
associated with unethical conduct. Partnerships that prioritize ethics are less susceptible to
financial, legal, and reputational risks arising from fraudulent activities, conflicts of interest, and
breaches of trust. Ethical risk management promotes transparency, accountability, and resilience
in the face of challenges.
2.0 Paper Review 1:

W. Greg, A Partnership Model of Coorporate Ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, 2002.

The paper explores the development of business ethics in Australia post the 1987 stock market
crash. It underscores the necessity for businesses to adopt ethical practices not merely as a
strategic response to regulatory and public pressures but as a foundational ethos that enhances
societal and corporate well-being. Wood argues that the corporate emphasis on ethics, often
driven by the goal of damage control, lacks genuine commitment to fostering a more ethically
oriented corporate culture.

Historical Context and Analysis:

Wood provides a comprehensive historical analysis, noting that interest in business ethics in
Australia surged following high-profile corporate scandals and regulatory reforms in the late
1980s. The author criticizes the superficial adoption of ethical codes, pointing out that these
often serve more to protect the corporation's image rather than to implement real ethical
practices. The critique is backed by a review of legislative changes and corporate responses,
providing a detailed backdrop against which the necessity for a more ingrained ethical approach
is argued.

Proposed Ethical Model:

Central to Wood's argument is the proposed model of corporate ethics, which emphasizes
'commitment' and 'partnerships' with internal and external stakeholders. This model advocates for
a shift from ethics as regulatory compliance to ethics as a core organizational value. It calls for a
holistic approach that includes not only employees and shareholders but also suppliers,
competitors, and the broader community.

Implementation Strategies:

The paper is particularly strong in its detailed discussion of practical measures for embedding
ethics into corporate practices. Wood suggests specific strategies such as the establishment of
ethics committees, the appointment of ethics ombudsmen, protection for whistleblowers, and
regular ethics audits. These recommendations are aimed at operationalizing the ethical
commitments a company makes, ensuring they are not merely rhetorical.

Evaluation of Codes of Ethics:

An insightful analysis is provided on the content and focus of existing corporate codes of ethics.
Wood critiques these codes for their inward focus—primarily aimed at minimizing damage
rather than promoting genuine ethical behavior. The paper calls for codes that are not only
punitive but also proactive in fostering an ethical culture.

Challenges and Recommendations:

Wood acknowledges the challenges in shifting corporate mindsets towards more ethical
practices. The paper offers a realistic appraisal of the inertia within corporate cultures and
provides a nuanced discussion on how these challenges might be overcome through education,
leadership commitment, and a redefinition of corporate success metrics. The conclusion
reiterates the need for corporations to view themselves as integral participants in a societal
framework, stressing mutual benefits over competitive gains. Wood advocates for a paradigm
shift where ethical considerations are central to business strategy, not peripheral.

This paper is a significant contribution to the literature on business ethics, particularly within the
Australian context. It is thorough in its historical scope, analytical in its critique of current
practices, and innovative in its proposed solutions. However, the practical application of Wood's
model would benefit from further empirical research to substantiate the efficacy of the
recommended strategies. The argument would also be strengthened by more case studies
illustrating successful implementations of similar ethical frameworks.

Wood's paper provides a compelling call for a more ethically driven corporate ethos, backed by a
robust theoretical model and practical steps for implementation. Its relevance extends beyond the
Australian corporate context, offering valuable insights for global business leaders committed to
ethical reform.

Partnerships have a responsibility to contribute positively to society and the environment. Ethical
partnerships embrace corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, such as philanthropy,
environmental stewardship, and community engagement, to address societal needs and promote
sustainable development. Ethics are integral to the success and sustainability of partnership
businesses. By fostering trust, enhancing stakeholder confidence, building reputation, ensuring
compliance, guiding decision-making, managing risks, and embracing CSR, ethical partnerships
create value for all stakeholders and contribute to a more ethical and responsible business
environment. In summary, prioritizing ethics in partnership businesses is not only a moral
imperative but also a strategic advantage that drives long-term success and societal impact.

3.0 Paper Review 2:

N.F Bews & G.J. Rossuw, A Role for Business Ethics in Facilitating Trustworthiness,
Journal of Business Ethics, 2002

This paper discusses the intricate relationship between ethics and trust, highlighting how ethical
behavior can significantly enhance trustworthiness within organizations. It focuses on a detailed
empirical study conducted within a South African insurance company to explore various
facilitators of trustworthiness and their impacts. The authors employed a longitudinal study over
41 months, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, to investigate the dimensions of
trustworthiness. This multi-method approach allowed for a robust analysis of trust dynamics
within the company, providing both statistical and anecdotal evidence to support their findings.

Key Findings:

The research identified six primary facilitators of trustworthiness: openness, integrity,

benevolence, competency, personality characteristics, and history of interactions. Notably, the
study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between these facilitators and the level of
interpersonal trust within the company. The findings suggest that benevolence and competency
are particularly strong predictors of trust. The discussion delves into the implications of these
findings for managerial practice, arguing that ethical behavior by managers can foster an
environment of trust that benefits both the organization and its employees. The paper stresses the
importance of managers actively engaging in ethical practices and being transparent to cultivate
trust.
Implications for Management:

The authors propose several practical interventions for organizations aiming to enhance trust
through ethical practices. These include trust-training for managers, ensuring procedural
transparency, improving managerial competencies, adhering to ethical guidelines, and
maintaining open communication. The paper concludes that ethical behavior is a crucial
component of trustworthiness in business relationships. It calls for ongoing commitment to
ethical practices and highlights the potential of such behaviors to improve organizational
performance and employee satisfaction. The longitudinal study adds depth to the analysis,
providing a comprehensive view of how trust evolves over time in response to managerial ethics.
The recommendations for practice are grounded in empirical evidence, making them particularly
valuable for organizational leaders. This review provides a concise analysis of Bews and
Rossouw's work, summarizing its contributions to understanding the relationship between
business ethics and trustworthiness in organizational settings.

4.0 Paper Review 3:

J. S. Maria, I. A. Luis & R. Marta, Lights and Shadows of Business-Nonprofit

Partnerships: The Role of Nonprofit Learning and Empowerment in this Ethical Puzzle,
Journal of Sustainability, 2017

This paper examines the dual effects—both positive and negative—of business-nonprofit
partnerships (BNPPs) on nonprofit organizations, specifically focusing on how nonprofit
empowerment and organizational learning influence ethical concerns like co-optation and loss of
mission focus. The study is timely, addressing growing ethical complexities as nonprofits
increasingly collaborate with for-profit businesses in response to complex societal
challenges.The authors set a strong theoretical foundation by reviewing literature on cross-sector
partnerships, emphasizing the transformation of nonprofit roles from passive beneficiaries to
active participants in partnerships. The paper uses a consequentialist ethical framework to
analyze the impacts of these partnerships, assessing both intended and unintended outcomes.

Findings and Discussion:

The findings highlight a nuanced view of BNPPs. On one hand, these partnerships can lead to
increased resources, skills, and empowerment for nonprofits, which in turn enhance their
influence and operational capacity. On the other hand, closer ties with businesses can risk co-
optation and dilute nonprofits' social missions, especially when these organizations start
mirroring corporate strategies and practices. Practically, the paper offers valuable insights for
both nonprofits and businesses on managing partnerships to minimize ethical risks and maximize
mutual benefits. It suggests that empowerment through learning can increase a nonprofit's
influence over business practices, potentially leading to more ethical outcomes. The conclusion
effectively ties the findings back to the theoretical framework, arguing for a balanced approach
to BNPPs that recognizes both the potential benefits and pitfalls. It calls for ongoing vigilance
and proactive management of these partnerships to sustain nonprofit integrity and effectiveness.
This paper is a significant contribution to the discourse on business-nonprofit collaborations,
providing empirical evidence of the complex interplay between empowerment, ethical
challenges, and organizational learning. Its comprehensive analysis and clear recommendations
make it a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners alike in the fields of nonprofit
management and corporate social responsibility. The study’s reliance on a substantial empirical
base and its methodological rigor are particularly commendable.
5.0 Conclusion

The role of ethics in partnership business involves several common issues that can arise in real
practice. These challenges stem from the complexities of aligning interests, managing
expectations, and ensuring fair practices among all partners. Partners may have different ethical
standards, cultural backgrounds, or business goals, which can lead to conflicts. For instance, one
partner may prioritize profit over ethical considerations, such as fair labor practices or
environmental sustainability, while another may place a higher value on these ethical concerns.
Inconsistencies in the commitment to uphold ethical standards can create tension within the
partnership. If one partner cuts corners or engages in unethical behavior, it can jeopardize the
entire partnership's reputation and effectiveness. Effective partnerships rely on open and honest
communication. Lack of transparency can lead to mistrust and can complicate decision-making
processes. This is particularly true in financial dealings, where hidden agendas or undisclosed
financial issues can significantly impact the partnership. Partners may find themselves in
situations where their personal or other business interests conflict with the interests of the
partnership. Without clear policies and ethical guidelines to manage these conflicts, they can lead
to decisions that aren't in the best interest of the partnership as a whole. Disputes over the control
and influence within the partnership can lead to ethical dilemmas. Partners may struggle with
how power is distributed, particularly in making decisions that affect the direction of the
business and its adherence to ethical standards. Partnerships operate under complex legal
frameworks that can vary significantly from one jurisdiction to another. Ensuring compliance
with all relevant laws and regulations is crucial but can be challenging, especially in international
partnerships or in industries with heavy regulation. Partners are jointly responsible for the actions
of the partnership. This shared responsibility means that unethical actions by one partner can
have legal and reputational consequences for all others. When ethical breaches occur, handling
them effectively is crucial to maintain trust and integrity within the partnership. Partners need to
have agreed-upon procedures for addressing ethical issues, including disciplinary actions and
corrective measures. To navigate these issues, partnerships benefit from clearly defined ethical
guidelines and a strong, shared commitment to ethical practices. Regular training on ethical
issues, transparent communication channels, and mechanisms for resolving disputes can also
help maintain ethical standards and protect the interests of all partners.

References:

1. W. Greg, (2002). A Partnership Model of Coorporate Ethics, Journal of Business Ethics.

2. N.F Bews & G.J. Rossuw, (2002). A Role for Business Ethics in Facilitating
Trustworthiness, Journal of Business Ethics.
3. J. S. Maria, I. A. Luis & R. Marta, (2017). Lights and Shadows of Business-Nonprofit
Partnerships: The Role of Nonprofit Learning and Empowerment in this Ethical Puzzle,
Journal of Sustainability.
4. Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2016). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and
Sustainability in the Age of Globalization (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
5. Harrison, J. S., Bosse, D. A., & Phillips, R. A. (2010). Managing for stakeholders,
stakeholder utility functions, and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal,
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7. Jamali, D., & Keshishian, T. (2009). Uneasy alliances: Lessons learned from partnerships
between businesses and NGOs in the context of CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 84,
277-295.
8. Waddell, S. (2011). Global action networks: Creating our future together. Bocconi
University Press.
9. Austin, J. E., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2012). Collaborative value creation: A review of
partnering between nonprofits and businesses: Part 1. Value creation spectrum and
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10. Dees, J. G., & Anderson, B. B. (2003). Sector-Bending: Blurring the lines between
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11. Googins, B. K., & Rochlin, S. A. (2000). Creating the partnership society: Understanding
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12. Rondinelli, D. A., & London, T. (2003). How corporations and environmental groups
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