(/)

0x0F. Python - Object-relational mapping

Python OOP SQL MySQL ORM SQLAlchemy

 Weight: 1

Before you start…

Please make sure your MySQL server is in 8.0 -> How to install MySQL 8.0 in Ubuntu 20.04
(/rltoken/paGukker_0KoG3D9FqymNQ)

Background Context
In this project, you will link two amazing worlds: Databases and Python!

In the first part, you will use the module MySQLdb to connect to a MySQL database and execute your SQL
queries.

In the second part, you will use the module SQLAlchemy (don’t ask me how to pronounce it…) an Object
Relational Mapper (ORM).

The biggest difference is: no more SQL queries! Indeed, the purpose of an ORM is to abstract the storage
to the usage. With an ORM, your biggest concern will be “What can I do with my objects” and not “How this
object is stored? where? when?”. You won’t write any SQL queries only Python code. Last thing, your code
won’t be “storage type” dependent. You will be able to change your storage easily without re-writing your
entire project.

Without ORM:

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", port=3306, user="root", passwd="root", db="my_db",

charset="utf8")
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM states ORDER BY id ASC") # HERE I have to know SQL to grab all st
ates in my database
query_rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in query_rows:
print(row)
cur.close()
conn.close() 
With an ORM:
 engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqldb://{}:{}@localhost/{}'.format("root", "root", "my_db"),
(/)
pool_pre_ping=True)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

session = Session(engine)
for state in session.query(State).order_by(State.id).all(): # HERE: no SQL query, only objec
ts!
print("{}: {}".format(state.id, state.name))
session.close()

Do you see the difference? Cool, right?

The biggest difficulty with ORM is: The syntax!

Indeed, all of them have the same type of syntax, but not always. Please read tutorials and don’t read the
entire documentation before starting, just jump on it if you don’t get something.

Resources
Read or watch:

Object-relational mappers (/rltoken/a8DUOWhXpNX3TEwgyT-U8A)

mysqlclient/MySQLdb documentation (/rltoken/JtFaKjnqxudr6Hi05Us1Lw) (please don’t pay
attention to _mysql )
MySQLdb tutorial (/rltoken/TdUSYFNGbXJG1WjCEoq5FA)
SQLAlchemy tutorial (/rltoken/YyL5hsscviNH04XGW-XpfA)
SQLAlchemy (/rltoken/j9azWF2Db_2rNolTxOF3SA)
mysqlclient/MySQLdb (/rltoken/0zLhY9KqKjn-zmdb7X598Q)
Introduction to SQLAlchemy (/rltoken/pw50Bl1Bj84wksxm018dwA)
Flask SQLAlchemy (/rltoken/B-xIdMtGvpus8vHxAIRrPg)
10 common stumbling blocks for SQLAlchemy newbies (/rltoken/deIzPMrfK8Ixqm-AboFHWg)
Python SQLAlchemy Cheatsheet (/rltoken/dZfUNK3lJicGMK5PU0bE7Q)
SQLAlchemy ORM Tutorial for Python Developers (/rltoken/hNxBKC8lHge5XjsRO8ksHQ) (Warning:
This tutorial is with PostgreSQL, but the concept of SQLAlchemy is the same with MySQL)
SQLAlchemy Tutorial (/rltoken/5G_R2NmQRFqiZb84qxYERQ)
Python Virtual Environments: A primer (/rltoken/OXle6kXpmD88D0WbgbTWqg)

Learning Objectives
At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone
(/rltoken/vPPdh3HKg3t23YFxUqHpFg), without the help of Google:

General
Why Python programming is awesome
How to connect to a MySQL database from a Python script 
How to SELECT rows in a MySQL table from a Python script
How to INSERT rows in a MySQL table from a Python script
What ORM means
How to map a Python Class to a MySQL table
 How to create a Python Virtual Environment
(/)
Copyright - Plagiarism
You are tasked to come up with solutions for the tasks below yourself to meet with the above learning
objectives.
You will not be able to meet the objectives of this or any following project by copying and pasting
someone else’s work.
You are not allowed to publish any content of this project.
Any form of plagiarism is strictly forbidden and will result in removal from the program.

Requirements
General
Allowed editors: vi , vim , emacs
All your files will be interpreted/compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using python3 (version 3.8.5)
Your files will be executed with MySQLdb version 2.0.x
Your files will be executed with SQLAlchemy version 1.4.x
All your files should end with a new line
The first line of all your files should be exactly #!/usr/bin/python3
A README.md file, at the root of the folder of the project, is mandatory
Your code should use the pycodestyle (version 2.8.* )
All your files must be executable
The length of your files will be tested using wc
All your modules should have a documentation ( python3 -c
'print(__import__("my_module").__doc__)' )
All your classes should have a documentation ( python3 -c
'print(__import__("my_module").MyClass.__doc__)' )
All your functions (inside and outside a class) should have a documentation ( python3 -c
'print(__import__("my_module").my_function.__doc__)' and python3 -c
'print(__import__("my_module").MyClass.my_function.__doc__)' )
A documentation is not a simple word, it’s a real sentence explaining what’s the purpose of the
module, class or method (the length of it will be verified)
You are not allowed to use execute with sqlalchemy

More Info
Install and activate venv
To create a Python Virtual Environment, allowing you to install specific dependencies for this python
project, we will install venv:

$ sudo apt-get install python3.8-venv


$ python3 -m venv venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
 Install
(/)
MySQLdb module version 2.0.x
For installing MySQLdb , you need to have MySQL installed: How to install MySQL 8.0 in Ubuntu 20.04
(/rltoken/paGukker_0KoG3D9FqymNQ)

$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev

$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
$ sudo pip3 install mysqlclient
...
$ python3
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> MySQLdb.version_info
(2, 0, 3, 'final', 0)

Install SQLAlchemy module version 1.4.x

$ sudo pip3 install SQLAlchemy
...
$ python3
>>> import sqlalchemy
>>> sqlalchemy.__version__
'1.4.22'

Also, you can have this warning message:

/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py:552: Warning: (1681, "'@

@SESSION.GTID_EXECUTED' is deprecated and will be re
moved in a future release.")
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)

You can ignore it.

Tasks
0. Get all states mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that lists all states from the database hbtn_0e_0_usa :

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name (no
argument validation needed)
You must use the module MySQLdb ( import MySQLdb )
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
 Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
(/) Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql

-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./0-select_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa
(1, 'California')
(2, 'Arizona')
(3, 'Texas')
(4, 'New York')
(5, 'Nevada')
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 0-select_states.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

1. Filter states mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that lists all states with a name starting with N (upper N) from the database hbtn_0e_0_usa :

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name (no
argument validation needed) 
You must use the module MySQLdb ( import MySQLdb )
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
 Your code should not be executed when imported
(/)
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql
-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./1-filter_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa
(4, 'New York')
(5, 'Nevada')
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 1-filter_states.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

2. Filter states by user input mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that takes in an argument and displays all values in the states table of hbtn_0e_0_usa where
name matches the argument.

Your script should take 4 arguments: mysql username , mysql password , database name and state
name searched (no argument validation needed)
You must use the module MySQLdb ( import MySQLdb )
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
You must use format to create the SQL query with the user input
Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id 
Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported
 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql
(/)
-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./2-my_filter_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa 'Arizona'
(2, 'Arizona')
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 2-my_filter_states.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

3. SQL Injection... mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Wait, do you remember the previous task? Did you test "Arizona'; TRUNCATE TABLE states ; SELECT *
FROM states WHERE name = '" as an input?

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./2-my_filter_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa "Arizona'; TRUNCATE

TABLE states ; SELECT * FROM states WHERE name = '"
(2, 'Arizona')
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./0-select_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

What? Empty?

Yes, it’s an SQL injection (/rltoken/qzLjdkHPTue2U1isMj5fJA) to delete all records of a table…


Once again, write a script that takes in arguments and displays all values in the states table of
hbtn_0e_0_usa where name matches the argument. But this time, write one that is safe from MySQL
injections!
 Your script should take 4 arguments: mysql username , mysql password , database name and state
(/) name searched (safe from MySQL injection)
You must use the module MySQLdb ( import MySQLdb )
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql

-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./3-my_safe_filter_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa 'Arizona'
(2, 'Arizona')
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 3-my_safe_filter_states.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

4. Cities by states mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that lists all cities from the database hbtn_0e_4_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module MySQLdb ( import MySQLdb ) 
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by cities.id
You can use only execute() once
Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
 Your code should not be executed when imported
(/)
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 4-cities_by_state.sql
-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_4_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_4_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_4_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cities (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
state_id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
FOREIGN KEY(state_id) REFERENCES states(id)
);
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (1, "San Francisco"), (1, "San Jose"), (1, "Los A
ngeles"), (1, "Fremont"), (1, "Livermore");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (2, "Page"), (2, "Phoenix");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (3, "Dallas"), (3, "Houston"), (3, "Austin");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (4, "New York");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (5, "Las Vegas"), (5, "Reno"), (5, "Henderson"),
(5, "Carson City");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 4-cities_by_state.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./4-cities_by_state.py root root hbtn_0e_4_usa
(1, 'San Francisco', 'California')
(2, 'San Jose', 'California')
(3, 'Los Angeles', 'California')
(4, 'Fremont', 'California')
(5, 'Livermore', 'California')
(6, 'Page', 'Arizona')
(7, 'Phoenix', 'Arizona')
(8, 'Dallas', 'Texas')
(9, 'Houston', 'Texas')
(10, 'Austin', 'Texas')
(11, 'New York', 'New York')
(12, 'Las Vegas', 'Nevada')
(13, 'Reno', 'Nevada')
(14, 'Henderson', 'Nevada')
(15, 'Carson City', 'Nevada')
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed
Repo:
(/)
GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 4-cities_by_state.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

5. All cities by state mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that takes in the name of a state as an argument and lists all cities of that state, using the
database hbtn_0e_4_usa

Your script should take 4 arguments: mysql username , mysql password , database name and state
name (SQL injection free!)
You must use the module MySQLdb ( import MySQLdb )
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by cities.id
You can use only execute() once
The results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported


 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 4-cities_by_state.sql
(/)
-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_4_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_4_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_4_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cities (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
state_id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
FOREIGN KEY(state_id) REFERENCES states(id)
);
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (1, "San Francisco"), (1, "San Jose"), (1, "Los A
ngeles"), (1, "Fremont"), (1, "Livermore");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (2, "Page"), (2, "Phoenix");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (3, "Dallas"), (3, "Houston"), (3, "Austin");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (4, "New York");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (5, "Las Vegas"), (5, "Reno"), (5, "Henderson"),
(5, "Carson City");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./5-filter_cities.py root root hbtn_0e_4_usa Texas

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 4-cities_by_state.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./5-filter_cities.py root root hbtn_0e_4_usa Texas
Dallas, Houston, Austin
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./5-filter_cities.py root root hbtn_0e_4_usa Hawaii

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 5-filter_cities.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review



6. First state model mandatory

 Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)
(/)

Write a python file that contains the class definition of a State and an instance Base =
declarative_base() :

State class:
inherits from Base Tips (/rltoken/SFKIwNZ3IG6_4TL6dEsIuA)
links to the MySQL table states
class attribute id that represents a column of an auto-generated, unique integer, can’t be null
and is a primary key
class attribute name that represents a column of a string with maximum 128 characters and
can’t be null
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
WARNING: all classes who inherit from Base must be imported before calling
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)


 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 6-model_state.sql
(/)
-- Create database hbtn_0e_6_usa
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_6_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_6_usa;
SHOW CREATE TABLE states;

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 6-model_state.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
ERROR 1146 (42S02) at line 4: Table 'hbtn_0e_6_usa.states' doesn't exist
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 6-model_state.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""Start link class to table in database
"""
import sys
from model_state import Base, State

from sqlalchemy import (create_engine)

if __name__ == "__main__":
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqldb://{}:{}@localhost/{}'.format(sys.argv[1], sys.argv
[2], sys.argv[3]), pool_pre_ping=True)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./6-model_state.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 6-model_state.sql | mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Table Create Table
states CREATE TABLE `states` (\n `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n `name` varchar(1
28) NOT NULL,\n PRIMARY KEY (`id`)\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: model_state.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

7. All states via SQLAlchemy mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%) 

Write a script that lists all State objects from the database hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
 You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
(/) Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
The results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 7-model_state_fetch_all.sql

-- Insert states
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 7-model_state_fetch_all.sql | mysql -uroot -p hbtn_0e_6_usa

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./7-model_state_fetch_all.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa
1: California
2: Arizona
3: Texas
4: New York
5: Nevada
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 7-model_state_fetch_all.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

8. First state mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that prints the first State object from the database hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
The state you display must be the first in states.id
You are not allowed to fetch all states from the database before displaying the result
The results must be displayed as they are in the example below

If the table states is empty, print Nothing followed by a new line
Your code should not be executed when imported
 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./8-model_state_fetch_first.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa
(/)
1: California
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 8-model_state_fetch_first.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

9. Contains `a` mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that lists all State objects that contain the letter a from the database hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
The results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./9-model_state_filter_a.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa

1: California
2: Arizona
3: Texas
5: Nevada
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 9-model_state_filter_a.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review
10.
(/) Get a state
mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that prints the State object with the name passed as argument from the database
hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 4 arguments: mysql username , mysql password , database name and state
name to search (SQL injection free)
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
You can assume you have one record with the state name to search
Results must display the states.id
If no state has the name you searched for, display Not found
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./10-model_state_my_get.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa Texas

3
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./10-model_state_my_get.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa Illinois
Not found
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 10-model_state_my_get.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

11. Add a new state mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that adds the State object “Louisiana” to the database hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name 
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Print the new states.id after creation
 Your code should not be executed when imported
(/)
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./11-model_state_insert.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa
6
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./7-model_state_fetch_all.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa
1: California
2: Arizona
3: Texas
4: New York
5: Nevada
6: Louisiana
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 11-model_state_insert.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

12. Update a state mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that changes the name of a State object from the database hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Change the name of the State where id = 2 to New Mexico
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./12-model_state_update_id_2.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./7-model_state_fetch_all.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa
1: California
2: New Mexico
3: Texas
4: New York
5: Nevada
6: Louisiana 
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:
(/)
GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 12-model_state_update_id_2.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

13. Delete states mandatory

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that deletes all State objects with a name containing the letter a from the database
hbtn_0e_6_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./13-model_state_delete_a.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./7-model_state_fetch_all.py root root hbtn_0e_6_usa
2: New Mexico
4: New York
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 13-model_state_delete_a.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

14. Cities in state mandatory


Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a Python file similar to model_state.py named model_city.py that contains the class definition of a
City .
 City class:
(/) inherits from Base (imported from model_state )
links to the MySQL table cities
class attribute id that represents a column of an auto-generated, unique integer, can’t be null
and is a primary key
class attribute name that represents a column of a string of 128 characters and can’t be null
class attribute state_id that represents a column of an integer, can’t be null and is a foreign
key to states.id
You must use the module SQLAlchemy

Next, write a script 14-model_city_fetch_by_state.py that prints all City objects from the database
hbtn_0e_14_usa :

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
You must import State and Base from model_state - from model_state import Base, State
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
Results must be sorted in ascending order by cities.id
Results must be display as they are in the example below ( <state name>: (<city id>) <city name> )
Your code should not be executed when imported


 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 14-model_city_fetch_by_state.sql
(/)
-- Create database hbtn_0e_14_usa, tables states and cities + some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_14_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_14_usa;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cities (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
state_id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
FOREIGN KEY(state_id) REFERENCES states(id)
);
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (1, "San Francisco"), (1, "San Jose"), (1, "Los A
ngeles"), (1, "Fremont"), (1, "Livermore");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (2, "Page"), (2, "Phoenix");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (3, "Dallas"), (3, "Houston"), (3, "Austin");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (4, "New York");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (5, "Las Vegas"), (5, "Reno"), (5, "Henderson"),
(5, "Carson City");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 14-model_city_fetch_by_state.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./14-model_city_fetch_by_state.py root root hbtn_0e_14_usa
California: (1) San Francisco
California: (2) San Jose
California: (3) Los Angeles
California: (4) Fremont
California: (5) Livermore
Arizona: (6) Page
Arizona: (7) Phoenix
Texas: (8) Dallas
Texas: (9) Houston
Texas: (10) Austin
New York: (11) New York
Nevada: (12) Las Vegas
Nevada: (13) Reno
Nevada: (14) Henderson
Nevada: (15) Carson City
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ 
No test cases needed

Repo:
 GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
(/) Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: model_city.py, 14-model_city_fetch_by_state.py

 Done! Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

15. City relationship #advanced

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Improve the files model_city.py and model_state.py , and save them as relationship_city.py and
relationship_state.py :

City class:
No change
State class:
In addition to previous requirements, the class attribute cities must represent a relationship
with the class City . If the State object is deleted, all linked City objects must be
automatically deleted. Also, the reference from a City object to his State should be named
state
You must use the module SQLAlchemy

Write a script that creates the State “California” with the City “San Francisco” from the database
hbtn_0e_100_usa : ( 100-relationship_states_cities.py )

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
You must use the cities relationship for all State objects
Your code should not be executed when imported


 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 100-relationship_states_cities.sql
(/)
-- Create the database hbtn_0e_100_usa
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_100_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_100_usa;

SELECT * FROM states;

SELECT * FROM cities;

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 100-relationship_states_cities.sql | mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
ERROR 1146 (42S02) at line 5: Table 'hbtn_0e_100_usa.states' doesn't exist
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./100-relationship_states_cities.py root root hbtn_0e_100_usa
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 100-relationship_states_cities.sql | mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
id name
1 California
id name state_id
1 San Francisco 1
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: relationship_city.py, relationship_state.py, 100-relationship_states_cities.py

 Done? Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

16. List relationship #advanced

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that lists all State objects, and corresponding City objects, contained in the database
hbtn_0e_101_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
The connection to your MySQL server must be to localhost on port 3306
You must only use one query to the database
You must use the cities relationship for all State objects
Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id and cities.id
Results must be displayed as they are in the example below

Your code should not be executed when imported
<state id>: <state name>
(/)
<tabulation><city id>: <city name>


 guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 101-relationship_states_cities_list.sql
(/)
-- Create states table in hbtn_0e_101_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_101_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_101_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ("California"), ("Arizona"), ("Texas"), ("New York"), ("Nev
ada");

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cities (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
state_id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
FOREIGN KEY(state_id) REFERENCES states(id)
);
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (1, "San Francisco"), (1, "San Jose"), (1, "Los A
ngeles"), (1, "Fremont"), (1, "Livermore");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (2, "Page"), (2, "Phoenix");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (3, "Dallas"), (3, "Houston"), (3, "Austin");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (4, "New York");
INSERT INTO cities (state_id, name) VALUES (5, "Las Vegas"), (5, "Reno"), (5, "Henderson"),
(5, "Carson City");

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 101-relationship_states_cities_list.sql | mysql -uroot -p

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./101-relationship_states_cities_list.py root root hbtn_0e_101_usa
1: California
1: San Francisco
2: San Jose
3: Los Angeles
4: Fremont
5: Livermore
2: Arizona
6: Page
7: Phoenix
3: Texas
8: Dallas
9: Houston
10: Austin
4: New York
11: New York
5: Nevada
12: Las Vegas
13: Reno 
14: Henderson
15: Carson City
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

 (/)
Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming

Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 101-relationship_states_cities_list.py

 Done? Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

17. From city #advanced

Score: 100.0% (Checks completed: 100.0%)

Write a script that lists all City objects from the database hbtn_0e_101_usa

Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username , mysql password and database name
You must use the module SQLAlchemy
Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
You must use only one query to the database
You must use the state relationship to access to the State object linked to the City object
Results must be sorted in ascending order by cities.id
Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
Your code should not be executed when imported

<city id>: <city name> -> <state name>

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./102-relationship_cities_states_list.py root root hbtn_0e_101_usa

1: San Francisco -> California
2: San Jose -> California
3: Los Angeles -> California
4: Fremont -> California
5: Livermore -> California
6: Page -> Arizona
7: Phoenix -> Arizona
8: Dallas -> Texas
9: Houston -> Texas
10: Austin -> Texas
11: New York -> New York
12: Las Vegas -> Nevada
13: Reno -> Nevada
14: Henderson -> Nevada
15: Carson City -> Nevada
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$

No test cases needed

Repo:
 GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
(/) Directory: 0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping
File: 102-relationship_cities_states_list.py

 Done? Check your code  Get a sandbox QA Review

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