SURYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS School

of Engineering and Technology

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

GE3171
PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON
PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MANUAL
REGULATION – 2021

GE3171 PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING LABORATORY L T P C

00 42

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COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the problem solving approaches.
• To learn the basic programming constructs in Python.
• To practice various computing strategies for Python-based solutions to real world
problems.
• To use Python data structures - lists, tuples, dictionaries.
• To do input/output with files in Python.

EXPERIMENTS:
Note: The examples suggested in each experiment are only indicative. The lab instructor is
expected to design other problems on similar lines. The Examination shall not be restricted
to the sample experiments listed here.
1. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical problems, and
developing flow charts for the same. (Electricity Billing, Retail shop billing, Sin series,
weight of a motorbike, Weight of a steel bar, compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC
Circuit, etc.)
2. Python programming using simple statements and expressions (exchange the values of two
variables, circulate the values of n variables, distance between two points).
3. Scientific problems using Conditionals and Iterative loops. (Number series, Number
Patterns, pyramid pattern)
4. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Lists, Tuples. (Items present in a
library/Components of a car/ Materials required for construction of a building –operations of
list & tuples)
5. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Sets, Dictionaries. (Language,
components of an automobile, Elements of a civil structure, etc.- operations of Sets &
Dictionaries)
6. Implementing programs using Functions. (Factorial, largest number in a list, area of shape)
7. Implementing programs using Strings. (reverse, palindrome, character count, replacing
characters)
8. Implementing programs using written modules and Python Standard Libraries (pandas,
numpy. Matplotlib, scipy)
9. Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling. (copy from one file to
another, word count, longest word)
10. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception handling. (divide by zero
error, voter’s age validity, student mark range validation)
11. Exploring Pygame tool.
12. Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball, car race etc.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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 CONTENTS OF MANUAL
S.NO NAME OF EXPERIMENT PAGE NO

Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical

problems, and developing flow charts for the same. (Electricity Billing,
1
Retail shop billing, Sin series, weight of a motorbike, Weight of a steel bar,
compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit, etc.)
Python programming using simple statements and expressions (exchange
2 the values of two variables, circulate the values of n variables, distance
between two points)
Scientific problems using Conditionals and Iterative loops. (Number series,
3
Number Patterns, pyramid pattern)
Implementing real-time/technical applications using Lists, Tuples. (Items
4 present in a library/Components of a car/ Materials required for construction
of a building –operations of list & tuples)
Implementing real-time/technical applications using Sets, Dictionaries.
5 (Language, components of an automobile, Elements of a civil structure,
etc.operations of Sets & Dictionaries)
Implementing programs using Functions. (Factorial, largest number in a list,
6
area of shape)
Implementing programs using Strings. (reverse, palindrome, character
7
count, replacing characters)
Implementing programs using written modules and Python Standard
8
Libraries (pandas, numpy. Matplotlib, scipy)
Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling. (copy
9
from one file to another, word count, longest word)
Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception handling.
10
(divide by zero error, voter’s age validity, student mark range validation)
11 Exploring Pygame tool.

12 Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball, car race etc.

3
Ex. No : 1(a) ELECTRICITY BILLING
Date :

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In real time the electricity billing calculation is of different range

with different rates considering the free unit for every range like(100 unit free for every

consumer) and within 200 units rate vary accordingly and within 500 units the range is

for(1-200 and 201-500) and above 500 the range is for (1-200,201-500 and >500). Fixed rate

is different for different range.

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 FLOWCHART
Start

Read the unit values

yes amount=0
Unit<=100

no
yes
amount=20+(unit-100)*1.5
Unit<=200

no
yes yes
Unit<=200 amount=30+(unit-100)*2
Unit<=500

no no
amount=30+(unit-100)*3

yes yes
Unit>500 Unit<=200 amount=50+(unit-100)*3.5

no
yes
Unit<=500 amount=50+(unit-100)*4.6

no
amount=50+(unit-100)*6.6

Print amount

end

RESULT:

Thus the electricity billing calculation in real time were identified and solved.
5
Ex. No : 1(b) RETAILSHOP BILLING
Date :

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In real time the retail shop offers to the customer if customer buys an item above Rs.50.the
shop discount amount as % of the item price. first calculate discount rate, discounted amount and
discounted price. Finally display the actual price of the item, discount rate and price after
discounted price of the item.

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FLOWCHART
start

Price=input(“enter the
price of your item”)

If
price>=50 No
Yes

Dis_rate=input (“enter the

percentage of Discount)

Discount=price*Dis_rate/100

Discouted_price=price-discount

Print(“price before
discount = Rs.” +price)

Print(“discount rate=Rs.”
+Dis_rate )

Print(“discount amount =
Rs. “+Discount)

Print(Price after
Discount=Rs.”+Disounted_price

stop

RESULT:
Thus the Retail shop billing calculation in real time were identified and solved.

7
Ex. No : 1(c) SIN SERIES
Date :

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
1. In mathematical series, the sin series used to identify and solve scientific problems. In this
initialize i=1 and read the inputs as x and n. X is the angle in degree which is converted into
radian. Then initialize y =x for finally printing the sine value and Process x=x*3.1415/180
which is Converting ‘x’ to radian value Then It assigns t=x and sum=x, Check the condition
if i <=n, then the loop continues till the condition of the loop is true. Calculate the sine
series using t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1)), calculate the sum, sum= sum + t. Finally print the
sine value and sine series value (sum value)

FLOWCHART

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 Start

i=1

Read x, n

y=x

x=x*3.1415/180

t=x, sum=x

loop
No

i<=n

t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1)

sum=sum+t

Print ” sin ”+(y)

print “ is “+sum

end

RESULT:

Thus the sin series calculation in real time were identified and solved.

Ex. No : 1(d) WEIGHT OF A STEEL BAR

Date :

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PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In mathematical theory, the weight of a steel bar calculated using formula
D2/
W= *XL
162.2

Read the diameter (D) and length (L) then applying the above formula to calculate the weight and print it.

FLOWCHART

start

Read D, L

2
Wt = D / 162.2XL

Print Wt

End

RESULT:

Thus the weight of a steel bar calculation in real time were identified and solved.

Ex. No : 2(a) EXCHANGE THE VALUES OF TWO VARIABLES

Date :

AIM:
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 To write a python program for exchanging the values of two variables by using simple
statement.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: get the input values as a, b.
Step 3: swapping the values as a,b=b,a
Step 4: print the swapped values
Step 5: stop the process
PROGRAM
#Exchange the values of two variables
a=int(input('Enter the first value'))
b=int(input('Enter the second value'))
print('Before Swapping',a,b) a,b=b,a
print('After Swapping',a,b)
OUTPUT
Enter the first value 10
Enter the second value 45
Before Swapping 10 45
After Swapping 45 10
RESULT:
Thus the program for exchanging the values of two variables has been implemented and
the output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 2(b) CIRCULATE THE VALUES OF N VARIABLES

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for circulate the values of N variables.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.

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Step 2: define notation list and n.
Step 3: assign new for storing circulate value of the list.
Step 4: give the example list and print it.
Step 5: rotate the example list by clockwise as 1,2,-2 and print it.
Step 5: stop the process.
PROGRAM
#Circulate the values of n variables
def rotate(list,n): new=list[n:]
+list[:n] return new
example=[1,2,3,4,5] print('Original
list:',example) a=rotate(example,1)
print('List rotated clockwise by 1:',a) a=rotate(example,2)
print('List rotated clockwise by 1:',a) a=rotate(example,-2)
print('List rotated clockwise by 1:',a)
OUTPUT
Original list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
List rotated clockwise by 1: [2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
List rotated clockwise by 1: [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]
List rotated clockwise by 1: [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
RESULT:
Thus the program for Circulate the values of n variables has been implemented and the
output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 2(c) DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for distance between two points by using simple statement.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: import the math function.
Step 3: assign p1 and p2 value.
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Step 4: using math.sqrt function to identify the distance between p1 and p2.
Step 5: print the distance.
Step 5: stop the process.

PROGRAM
#Distance between two points import math p1=[2,4]
p2=[3,6] distance=math. sqrt(((p2[0]-p1[0])**2)+((p2[1]-
p1[1])**2)) print('Distance between two points:',distance)
OUTPUT
Distance between two points: 2.23606797749979
RESULT:
Thus the program for distance between two points has been implemented and the output
verified successfully.

Ex. No : 3(a) NUMBER SERIES

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for number series by using iterative loops.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2:get the input as n(number if u want print the series.
Step 3: initialize sum=0
Step 4: using for loop until the given number.
Step 5: add sum value + i. Step
6:print the sum value Step 7:
stop the process.
PROGRAM

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#Number Series
n=int(input('Enter the number'))
sum=0 for i in range(1,n+1):
sum=sum+i
print(i,'+',sep='',end='') print('=',sum)
OUTPUT
Enter the number 6 1+2+3+4+5+6+=
21
RESULT:
Thus the program for number series has been implemented and the output verified
successfully.

Ex. No : 3(b) NUMBER PATTERN

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for number pattern by using iterative loops.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2:get the input as n(number of rows if u want print the pattern ).
Step 3: initialize num=1
Step 4: using for loop to check range of the i.
Step 5: again using for loop to check range of the j.
Step 6: print the number pattern (num=num+1) Step
7: stop the process.
PROGRAM
#Number Pattern
n=int(input('Enter the number of rows'))
num=1 for i in range(1,n+1): for j in
range(1,i+1):
print(num,end=' ')
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num=num+1
print()

OUTPUT
Enter the number of rows 5
1
23
456
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15
RESULT:
Thus the program for number pattern has been implemented and the output verified
successfully.

Ex. No : 3(c) PYRAMID PATTERN

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for pyramid pattern by using iterative loops.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2:get the input as rows=number of rows .
Step 3: initialize k=0
Step 4: using for loop to check range of the i.
Step 5: again using for loop to check range of the space.
Step 6:using while loop to identify the factorial value of k.
Step 7:print the pyramid pattern of the given value.
Step 7: stop the process.
PROGRAM
#PYRAMID PATTERN
rows = int(input("Enter number of rows: "))
k = 0 for i in range(1, rows+1):
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 for space in range(1, (rows-i)+1):
print(end=" ")
while k!=(2*i-1):
print("* ", end="")
k += 1 k = 0
print()

OUTPUT
Enter number of rows: 5
*
***
*****
*******
*********

RESULT:

Thus the program for pyramid pattern has been implemented and the output verified
successfully.

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Ex. No : 4(a) ITEMS PRESENT IN A LIBRARY
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for items present in a library using tuple operations.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: initialize library details as tuple values.
Step 3: perform tuple operations like index, length, concatenation, repetition, membership.
Step 4: slice the tuple value.
Step 5: print all the tuple operation results.
Step 6: stop the process.
PROGRAM
t_library1= (“books”.”guides”,”journals”) t_library2=
(“questionpapers”.”megazine”,”ieeepapers”) print (“index position of
library1:”,t_library1[0]) print (“number of items in library1:”,len(t_library1))
print (“number of items in library2:”,len(t_library2)) print (“concatenation of
items in library1and library2:”,t_library1+t_library2) print (“repetition of
items in library1:”,t_library1*2) print (“membership operation of
library1:”,”megazine” in t_library1) print (“membership operation of

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library2:”,”megazine” in t_library2) print (“slicing of
library1:”,t_library1[0:2])
OUTPUT
index position of library1: books
number of items in library1:3 number
of items in library2:3 concatenation
of items in library1and library2:

(“books”.”guides”,”journals”,“questionpapers”.”megazine”,”ieeepapers”)
repetition of items in library1: (“books”.”guides”,”journals”,“books”.”guides”,”journals”)
membership operation of library1: False membership operation of library2: True slicing
of library1:(“books”,”guides”)

RESULT:

Thus the program for items present in a library using tuple operations has been
implemented and the output verified successfully.

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Ex. No : 4(b) CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for materials required for construction of a building using tuple
operations.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: initialize materials required for construction of a building as tuple values.
Step 3: perform tuple operations like index, length, concatenation, repetition, membership.
Step 4: slice the tuple value.
Step 5: print all the tuple operation results.
Step 6: stop the process.
PROGRAM
t_building1= (“bricks”.”sand”,”cement”) t_
building 2= (“tiles”.”paint”,”wood”)
print (“index position of building1:”,t_ building1[1]) print (“number of items in
building1:”,len(t_ building1)) print (“number of items in building2:”,len(t_
building2)) print (“concatenation of items in building1and building2:”,t_
building1+t_ building2) print (“repetition of items in building1:”,t_ building2*2)
print (“membership operation of building1:”,”wood” in t_ building1) print
(“membership operation of building2:”,”wood” in t_ building2) print (“slicing of
building1:”,t_ building1[0:2])
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OUTPUT
index position of building1: sand
number of items in building1:3
number of items in building2:3
concatenation of items in
building1and building2:
(“bricks”.”sand”,”cement”,“tiles”
.”paint”,”wood”)

repetition of items in building2: (“tiles”.”paint”,”wood”, “tiles”.”paint”,”wood”)

membership operation of building1: False membership operation of building2:
True slicing of building1:(“bricks”,”sand”)

RESULT:

Thus the program for materials required for construction of a building using tuple
operations has been implemented and the output verified successfully.

20
Ex. No : 4(c) COMPONENTS OF CAR
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for components of a car using list operations.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: initialize components of a car as list values.
Step 3: perform list operations like length, concatenation, repetition, membership.
Step 4: slice the list value.
Step 5: print all the list operation results.
Step 6: stop the process.
PROGRAM
l_car1= (“tyre”.”mirror”,”seat”,engine) l_ car 2=
(“steering”.”wheel”,”light”) print (“index position of car1:”,l_
car1[2]) print (“number of items in car1:”,len(l_ car1)) print
(“number of items in car2:”,len(l_ car2)) print (“concatenation
of items in car1and car2:”,l_ car1+l_ car2) print (“repetition of
items in car1:”,l_ car1*2) print (“membership operation of
car1:”,”steering” in l_ car1) print (“membership operation of
car2:”,”steering” in l_ car2) print (“slicing of car1:”,l_
car1[0:2])

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OUTPUT
index position of car1: seat number of
items in car1:4 number of items in
car2:3 concatenation of items in
car1and car2:
[“tyre”.”mirror”,”seat”,“engine”.”steering”,”wheel”,”light”]
repetition of items in car1: [“tyre”.”mirror”,”seat”,“engine”,“tyre”.”mirror”,”seat”,“engine”]
membership operation of car1: False membership operation of car2: True slicing of car1:
(“tyre”,”mirror”)

RESULT:

Thus the program for components of a car using list operations has been implemented and
the output verified successfully.

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Ex. No : 5(a) LANGUAGE DETAILS
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for programming language details using set operations.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: initialize programming language details of set values.
Step 3: perform set operations like union, intersection and set difference.
Step 4: print all the set operation results.
Step 5: stop the process.
PROGRAM
set1_lang={“c”,”c++”,”java”,”.Net”}
set2_lang={“python”,”java”,”c#”,”.Net”} print(“the set1
languages are”,set1_lang) print(“the set2 languages
are”,set2_lang) print(“union of two sets
are”,set1_lang.union(set2_lang))
print(“intersection of two sets are”,set1_lang.intersection(set2_lang)) print(“difference
of two sets are”,set1_lang.difference(set2_lang))
OUTPUT
the set1 languages are {‘c’,’c++’,’java’,’.Net’} the set2
languages are {‘python’,’java’,’c#’,’.Net’} union of two
sets are {‘c’,’c++’,’java’,’.Net’,’python’,’c#’} intersection

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of two sets are {’java’,’.Net’} difference of two sets
are{‘c’,’c++’}
RESULT:
Thus the program for programming languages using set operations has been implemented
and the output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 5(b) COMPONENTS OF AN AUTOMOBILE

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for implementing components of an automobile using dictionaries.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: initialize components of an automobile using Dictionaries.
Step 3: perform dictionaries operations like add items, accessing the items and membership
operator .
Step 4: print all the dictionary operation results.
Step 5: stop the process.
PROGRAM
automobile={“transmission”:”clutch”,”body”:”steeringsystem”,”auxiliary”:”seats”
} print(“items in the dictionaries:”,automobile) automobile[“body2”]=”wheels”
print(“add element in the dictionaries:”,automobile) print(“accessing single element
in the dictionaries:”,automobile[“auxiliary”]) print(“item in the dictionaries or
not:”transmission” in automobile) print(“item in the dictionaries or
not:”component” in automobile)
OUTPUT
items in the dictionaries: {‘transmission’:’clutch’,’body’:’steeringsystem’,’auxiliary’:’seats’} add
element in the dictionaries:
{‘transmission’:’clutch’,’body’:’steeringsystem’,’auxiliary’:’seats’,’body2’:’wheels’}
accessing single element in the dictionaries: seats item in the dictionaries or not: True
item in the dictionaries or not: False

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RESULT:
Thus the program for components of an automobile using dictionary operations has been
implemented and the output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 6(a) FACTORIAL

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for factorial using user defined functions.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: initialize num variable to get the input.
Step 3: user defined function is defined for factorial of the given value .
Step 4: check the values using conditionals.
Step 5: calculate the factorial by using while loop.
Step 6: print the factorial result.
Step 5: stop the process.
PROGRAM def
factorial(n): if
n<0:
return 0 elif n==0 or
n==1:
return 1
else:
fact = 1
while(n>1):
fact*=n
n-=1
return fact
num=int(input(“enter the number:”)) print(“Factorial
of”,num,”is”factorial(num))
OUTPUT
enter the number: 5
factorial of 5 is 120
RESULT:

25
 Thus the program for factorial of given number using user defined functions has been
implemented and the output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 6(b) LARGEST NUMBER IN THE LIST

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for largest number in the list using user defined functions.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: initialize list values.
Step 3: user defined function is defined for largest number of the given list.
Step 4: define the root element as max.
Step 5: check the each element is large compared to max of the array using for loop.
Step 6: find the largest element in the list using if conditions.
Step 7: return the largest element.
Step 8: stop the process.
PROGRAM
def large(arr)
max=arr[0] for
element in arr:
if(element>max)
max=element
return max
list=[3,8,7,4,9] result=large(list)
print(“the largest number in the given list:”result)
OUTPUT
the largest number in the given list: 9
RESULT:
Thus the program for largest number of the given list using user defined functions has been
implemented and the output verified successfully.

26
Ex. No : 6(c) AREA OF RECTANGLE,SQUARE,TRIANGLE,CIRCLE,
Date : PARALLELOGRAM

AIM:
To write a python program for find the area of different shapes.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: get the shape from the user to calculate area.
Step 3: call the function for the user defined shape.
Step 4: calculate the area of different shapes like rectangle, square, triangle, circle, parallelogram.
Step 5: print the area of shape for user specified.
Step 6: stop the process.
PROGRAM
def calculate_area(name):
name=name.lower() if(name==”rectangle”)
l=int(input(“enter the rectangle’s length:”))
b=int(input(“enter the rectangle’s breadth:”))
rect_area=l*b print(“the area of rectangle
is:”,rect_area) elif(name==”square”)
s=int(input(“enter square’s side length:”))
square_area=s*s print(“the area of square
is:”,square_area) elif(name==”triangle”)
h=int(input(“enter triangle’s height:”))
b=int(input(“enter triangle’s breadth:”))
tri_angle=0.5*b*h
print(“the area of triangle is:”,tri_angle) elif(name==”circle”)

s=int(input(“enter circle’s radius length:”))

pi=3.14 circle_area=pi*r*r

27
print(“the area of circle is:”,circle_area)
elif(name==”parallelogram”) h=int(input(“enter
parallelogram’s height:”)) b=int(input(“enter
parallelogram’s breadth:”)) para_area=b*h

print(“the area of parallelogram is:”,para_area)

else print(“sorry! This shape is not available”)
if_name_==”_main_”:
print(“calculate shape area”) shape_name=input(“enter the shape name
whose area you want to find:”) calculate_area(shape_name)
OUTPUT
calculate shape area enter the shape name whose area you
want to find : rectangle enter the rectangle’s length:4 enter
the rectangle’s breadth:5 the area of rectangle is:20
>>>
calculate shape area enter the shape name whose area you
want to find : square enter square’s side length:6 the area
of square is:36
>>>
calculate shape area enter the shape name whose area you
want to find : triangle enter triangle’s height:7 enter
triangle’s breadth:5 the area of triangle is:17.5
>>>
calculate shape area enter the shape name whose area
you want to find : circle enter circle’s radius length:4 the
area of circle is:50.24
>>>

28
calculate shape area enter the shape name whose area you want
to find : parallelogram enter parallelogram’s height:4 enter
parallelogram’s breadth:3 the area of parallelogram is:12
>>>
calculate shape area enter the shape name whose area you want
to find : pallelogram sorry! This shape is not available
RESULT:
Thus the program for area of different shapes using user defined functions has been
implemented and the output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 7 STRING METHODS

Date : (REVERSE,PALINDROME,CHARACTER
COUNT,REPLACING CHARACTER)
AIM:
To write a python program for string methods for reverse, palindrome, character count,
replacing character and check whether the given string is palindrome or not .
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: get the string from the user to manipulate string methods.
Step 3: use the string method[::-1],for displaying reverse of the string.
Step 4: check whether the string is palindrome or not using palindrome function.
Step 5: use len(str),for finding character count Step
6: use replace(),for finding replacing character
Step 7: stop the process.
PROGRAM
29
def isPalindrome(s): return s=s[::-1]
str=input(“enter the string:”) print(“the
reverse of the string is:”,str[::-1])
check_palin=isPalindrome(str) if
check_palin:
print(“the given string(“,str,”) is a palindrome”) else:

print(“the given string(“,str,”) is not a palindrome”) print(“the

length of the given string is:”,len(str)) print(“replace a

character in the string:”,str.replace(“r”,”l”,1))

OUTPUT
enter the string: refer the reverse of
the string is:refer the given
string(refer)is a palindrome the
length of the given string is:5 replace
a character in the string:lefer
>>>
enter the string: read the reverse of the
string is: daer the given string(refer)is
not a palindrome the length of the given
string is:4 replace a character in the
string: lead

RESULT:
Thus the program for string methods for reverse, palindrome, character count, replacing
character and check whether the given string is palindrome or not has been implemented and the
output verified successfully.

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Ex. No : 8 Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib & SciPy
Date :

AIM:
To implement a python standard library functions using written modules like
pandas,numpy,matplotlib and scipy.
Pandas:
Pandas is a python library used for working with datasets. It has functions for analyzing,
cleaning, exploring and manipulating data.
Pandas allows us to analyze big data and make conclusions based on statistical theories.
Pandas has two important data structures: *series *DataFrame Series -
one-dimensional labelled array like object.
DataFrame – contains an ordered collection of columns.
Installation of pandas: python and PIP installed on a system, then installation of pandas is very
easy.

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C:\users\your name>pip install pandas
Once pandas is installed, import it in your applications by adding the “import” keyword:
import pandas
PROGRAM
import pandas mydataset={‘cars’:
[“BMW”,”Volvo”,”ford”],’passings’:[3,7,2]}
myvar=pandas.DataFrame(mydataset) print(myvar)

OUTPUT cars
passings
0 BMW 3
1 Volvo 7
2 ford 2
NumPy:
NumPy means Numeric python or Numerical python. It is a fundamental package for scientific
computing in python. It is a python library that provides a multidimensional array object.
PROGRAM
import numpy as np arr=np.array([[-1,2,0,4],[4,-0.5,6,0],
[2.6,0,7,8],[3,-7,4,2.0]]) print(“initial array:”) print(arr)
sliced_arr=arr[:2,::2]
print(“array with first two rows and alternate columns(0 and 2):\n”,sliced_arr)
index_arr=arr[[1,1,0,3],[3,2,1,0]]
print(“\n elements at indices(1,3),(1,2),(0,1),(3,0):\n”,index_arr)
OUTPUT
initial array: [-1,2,0,4]
[4,-0.5,6,0]

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[2.6,0,7,8] [3,-7,4,2.0] array with first two rows and
alternate columns(0 and 2):
[[-1,0][4,6]] elements at indices(1,3),
(1,2),(0,1),(3,0):
[0.60,2.3]
Matplotlib:
Matplotlib is a python 2D plotting library which produces quality pictures. It is an amazing
visualization library in python for 2D plots of arrays. Matplotlib is multi-platform data
visualization library built on Numpy arrays and designed to work with the broader SciPy stack.
Importing matplotlib:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
or
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

PROGRAM for Line Plot

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x=[5,2,9,4,7] y=[10,5,8,4,2]
plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()
OUTPUT

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 12

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PROGRAM for Bar Plot

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x=[5,2,9,4,7] y=[10,5,8,4,2]
plt.bar(x,y) plt.show()

OUTPUT

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 12

10

0
2 4 5 7 9

SciPy:
SciPy stands for scientific python. SciPy is a free and open-source python library used for
scientific computing and technical computing. SciPy builds on NumPy so import SciPy ,no
need to import NumPy. Import SciPy from scipy import module

from scipy import constants we have imported the constants module from SciPy and
the application ready to use it.
PROGRAM
#PI is an example of scientific constant: from
scipy import constants print(constants.pi)
OUTPUT
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3.141592653589793
RESULT:
Thus the program for python standard library functions using written modules like
pandas,numpy,matplotlib and scipy has implemented and output verified successfully.

Ex. No : 9 FILE HANDLING

Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for file handling operations for word count, longest word and
copy of the content from one file to another file.
ALGORITHM:

Step 1: start the process.

Step 2: create a text file as text1.txt
Step 3: open the file f1 (“text1.txt”) in the read mode.
Step 4: open the file f2 (“text2.txt”) in the write mode.
Step 5: read the content from the file1 and write into file2. Step
6: close the files f1 & f2.
Step 7: open the file f3(“text1.txt”) in the read mode.
Step 8: read the contents from the file3 using the method read().split() and stored it in variables.

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Step 9: print the word count.
Step 10: print the longest word in the file using conditionals. Step
11: stop the process.

Create a file

text1.txt

hello this is my python

programming

PROGRAM:

f1=open(“text1.txt”,”r”) f2=open(“text2.txt”,”w”)
str=f1.read() f2.write(str) print(“content of file1(f1) is
read and write to file2(f2)”) f1.close()
f2.close() f3=open(“text1.txt”,”r”)
words=f3.read().split() print(“the word count of
file(f3) is:”,len(words))
max_len=len(max(words,key=len)) for
word in words:
if len(word)==max_len:
print(“the longest word in the file(f3) is:”,word)
f3.close()

OUTPUT
content of file1(f1) is read and write to file2(f2) the
word count of file(f3) is: 6
the longest word in the file(f3) is: programming
RESULT:
Thus the program for file handling operations for word count, longest word and copy of the
content from one file to another file has implemented and output verified successfully.

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Ex. No : 10(a) EXCEPTION HANDLING
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for implement divide by zero error using exception handling.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: get the dividend, divisor values from the user.
Step 3: calculate the quotient value using try block.
Step 4: check the divide by zero error in catch block.
Step 5: print the exception handling output.
Step 6: stop the process.
PROGRAM:
n=int(input(“enter the values of dividend(n):”))
d=int(input(“enter the values of divisor(d):”))
c=int(input(“enter the values of divisor(c):”)) try:
q=n/(d-c)

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 print(“quotient:”,q)
except
ZeroDivisionError:

print(“division by zero”)
OUTPUT
enter the values of dividend(n): 8
enter the values of divisor(d):4 enter
the values of divisor(c):4 division
by zero
RESULT:
Thus the program for implement divide by zero error using exception handling has
implemented and output verified successfully.
Ex. No : 10(b) CHECK THE VOTER’S AGE VALIDITY
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program to check the voter’s age validity using exception handling.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: get the voter’s name and voter’s age from the user.
Step 3: calculate the voter’s age eligibility in try block.
Step 4: check the value error in catch block.
Step 5: print the eligibility status of voter’s age using exception handling.
Step 6: stop the process.
PROGRAM:
name=input(“enter the voter name:”)
try:

39
age=int(input(“enter your age:”)) if
age>18:
print(“eligible to vote”) else:

print(“not eligible to vote”) except

ValueError as err:
print(err) else:

print(“thank you, you have successfully checked the voting eligibility”)

OUTPUT
enter the voter name: rajesh
enter your age:21 eligible
to vote
thank you, you have successfully checked the voting eligibility
>>> enter the voter name:mukesh enter your
age: twentty invalid literal for int() with base
10:’twentty’
RESULT:
Thus the program to check the voter’s age validity using exception handling has
implemented and output verified successfully.

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Ex. No : 11 EXPLORING PYGAME TOOL
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for exploring pygame tool.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process
Step 2: import pygame module and initialize pygame.
Step 3: set the screen dimensions.
Step 4: implement pygame tools like pygame .display.set mode(),pygame.event.get(),
pygame.QUIT,pygame.display.flip(). step 5: stop the process.

PROGRAM:
import pygame pygame.init()
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((400,300))
done= False while not done: for event in

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pygame.event.get(): if
event.type==pygame.QUIT:
done= True
pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,125,255),pygame.Rect(30,30,60,60)) pygame.display.flip()

OUTPUT
Pygame window - X

RESULT:
Thus the program for exploring pygame tool has implemented and output verified
successfully.

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Ex. No : 12 GAME ACTIVITY USING PYGAME
Date :

AIM:
To write a python program for bouncing ball game activity using pygame tool.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: download the ball image and save it.
Step 3: import necessary pygame module.
Step 4: initialize the values like speed, color, width and height.
Step 5: read and load the image using pygame procedure.
Step 6: give the bounce speed of the ball using while loop.
Step 7: display the bouncing ball output.
Step 8: stop the process.
PROGRAM:
import os
os.environ[“PYGAME_HIDE_SUPPORT_PROMPT”]=”hide”
import sys.pygame from pygame.locals import*
pygame.init() speed=[1,1] color=(255,250,250)
width=550 height=300

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screen=pygame.display.set_mode((width,height))
pygame.display.set_caption(“pygame bouncing ball”)
ball=pygame.image.load(“ball.png”)
rect_boundry=ball.get_rect()

while 1: for event in

pygame.event.get():
rect_boundry=rect_boundry.move(speed) if
rect_boundry.left<0 or rect_boundry.right>width:
speed[0]=-speed[0] if rect_boundry.top<0 or
rect_boundry.bottom>height:
speed[1]=-speed[1]
screen.fill(color)
screen.blit(ball,rect_boundry)
pygame.display.flip() if
event.type==QUIT: pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
OUTPUT
Pygame Bouncing ball - X

RESULT:

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 Thus the program for bouncing ball game activity using pygame tool has implemented and
output verified successfully.

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