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Traffic Control

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103 views8 pages

Traffic Control

control course

Uploaded by

hosnyabdelghany3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

Faculty of Engineering

Student Name:
‫ منتصر عمر علي عبدهللا‬.1
‫ كيرلس چورچ لويس مهني‬.2
‫ محمد الصديق عبدهللا بخيت‬.3

Presented to: Dr. Aya Abd Alla

Report about :Intelligent Traffic Light Control System


for Isolated Intersection Using Fuzzy Logic

Department: Mechanical
Section: 4th Mechatronics

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

Introduction

The monitoring and control of Road traffic is becoming a major problem in


many countries. The increasing number of vehicles and the lower phase of
highways developments have led to traffic congestion problem. There are
many factors that lead to traffic congestion such as the density of vehicles
on the roads, human habits, social behavior, and traffic light system. One
major factor is due to the traffic lights system that controls the traffic at
junction. Traffic policemen are deployed at traffic intersection every day in
order to overcome this congestion during peak hour, thus one of the roots
of the problem is due to ineffective traffic lights controllers. With effective
control the intersection, it is believed that the overall capacity and
performance of urban traffic network could be resolve.
Conventional methods for traffic signal control based precise models fail to
deal efficiently with the complex and varying traffic situations. They are
modeled based on the preset cycle time to change the signal without any
analysis of traffic situation. Due to fixed cycle time, such systems do not
consider that which intersection has more load of traffic, so should kept
green more or should terminate earlier then complete cycle time. In case of
intersections, conventional control systems only consider waiting time of
signals on different directions but not the vehicle directions.
Fuzzy based controllers are proved to be well manager of traffic system in
such scenarios. Fuzzy controllers could take decision even with incomplete
information.

Fuzzy logic

The fuzzy theory provides a mechanism for representing linguistic


constructs such as “many,” “low,” “medium,” “often,” “few.” In general,
the fuzzy logic provides an inference structure that enables appropriate
human reasoning capabilities. On the contrary, the traditional binary set
theory describes crisp events, events that either do or do not occur. It uses
probability theory to explain if an event will occur, measuring the chance
with which a given event is expected to occur. The theory of fuzzy logic is
based upon the notion of relative graded membership and so are the

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

functions of mentation and cognitive processes. The utility of fuzzy sets lies
in their ability to model uncertain or ambiguous data. Applications of fuzzy
logic occur in three primary categories: consumer products,
industrial/commercial systems, and decision support systems.

Description of the proposed fuzzy traffic light control system

The first traffic management systems used in Germany was implemented


on roads with frequent accidents caused by fog or icy road conditions.
Later, these systems were extended to detect and control traffic to increase
the traffic capacity. These traffic control systems use several detection
stations along the road. These stations employ magnetic sensors for traffic
detection, as well as weather stations transmitting environmental data
from road surface and the air layer near the ground. Along the road of such
an “intelligent” highway, alterable road signs posted on traffic sign gantries
display speed limits for each lane and display non regular events such as
road work, warnings for traffic back-ups, breakdowns, an accident, or
dangerous weather conditions. Fuzzy logic traffic lights control is an
alternative to conventional traffic lights control which can be used for a
wider array of traffic patterns at an intersection. A fuzzy logic-controlled
traffic light uses sensors that count cars instead of proximity sensors which
only indicate the presence of cars. This provides the controller with traffic
densities in the lanes and allows a better assessment of changing traffic
patterns. As the traffic distributions fluctuate, the fuzzy controller can
change the signal light accordingly.
The general structure of a fuzzy intelligent traffic lights control system is
illustrated as in Figure-1. There are two electromagnetic sensors placed on
the road for each lane. The first sensor behind each traffic light counts the
number of cars passing the traffic lights, and the second sensor which is
located behind the first sensor counts the number of cars coming to the
intersection at distance S from the lights. The number of cars between the
traffic lights is determined by the difference of the reading between the
two sensors.

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

In this research, the main goals of fuzzy logic in the traffic signal control,
and a matter of fact, also in traffic signal control in general, are as follows-
• Improving of traffic safety in the intersection.
• Maximizing the capacity of the intersection.
• Minimizing the delays.
•

Fuzzy parameters and their membership functions design


For the traffic lights control, there are five membership functions for each
of the input and there are four output fuzzy variable of the system. Table 1
shows the fuzzy input variables of Arrival, Queue and output variable
Extension of the system.

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

Fuzzy rule set

The inference mechanism in the fuzzy logic controller resembles that of the
human reasoning process. This is where fuzzy logic technology is associated
with artificial intelligence. Humans unconsciously use rules in implementing
their actions. For example, a traffic policeman manning a junction say, one
from the north and one from the west; he would use his expert opinion in
controlling the traffic more or less in the following way:
IF traffic from the north of the city is HEAVY AND traffic from the west is LESS THEN allow movement of
traffic from the north LONGER

The fuzzy rule uses in intelligent traffic light control system shown in the
figure 7. The fuzzy rule uses in intelligent traffic light control system shown
in the figure 7.

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

Inference engine and defuzzification

In the fuzzy logic controller once, the appropriate rules are fired, the
degree of membership of the output fuzzy variable i.e., Extension time, is
determined by encoding the antecedent fuzzy subsets, in this case Arrival
and Queue. In the traffic lights fuzzy control system, the max-min
implication technique is used. Using this technique, the final output
membership function for each rule is the fuzzy set assigned to that output
by clipping the degree of truth values of the membership functions of the
associated antecedents. Once the membership degree of each output fuzzy
variable is determined, all the rules that are being fired are then combined
and the actual crisp output is obtained through defuzzification. There are
several of defuzzification methods; here we use the center of gravity
defuzzification technique.

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

Simulation result
The intelligent traffic light control system will be tested after it has been
designed. This system shows the gradual increase in time that will be added
to the cycle, making the traffic situation more stable. The simulation was
carried out in three stages. At each stage, we compare one of the inputs to
another and discuss how they affect the output extension.

Table 3: Extension time at different values of input variables


arrival and queue side

Figure 8: Input variables Arrival, Queue Vs output variable


Extension- time

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Research Report Title: Fuzzy Logic Application 2022

The extension time (z-axis) is small when the density of arrival (y-axis) and
the density of the queue side (x-axis) are both small, as shown in Figure 8
and Table 3 with different inputs. In contrast to the other method, the
external time grows slowly here, becoming large only when the arrival side
density is very short to large values and the queue side density is very shot.
In other words, when the arrival side density increases and the queue side
density remains constant, the external time grows slowly and becomes
large. If the arrival side density remains constant while the queue side
density increases, the extension time decreases to medium to short.

References
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279917067_Intelligent_T
raffic_Light_Control_System_for_Isolated_Intersection_Using_Fuzzy_Logic
[1] Javed Alam and Dr. M.K. Pandey “Development of Traffic Light Control
System for Emergency Vehicle Using Fuzzy Logic” International Conference
on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, IIT- BHU Varanasi, India 7-9
December 2012.
[2] Pappis, C. P., and E. H. Mamdani. “A Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Traffic
Junction”. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7,
No. 10, October 1977, pp. 707-717.
[3] I.N.Askerzade (Askerbeyli), Mustafa Mahmood “Control the Extension
Time of Traffic Light in Single Junction by Using Fuzzy Logic” International
Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 in 2010.
[4] Chiu, S. “Adaptive Traffic Signal Control Using Fuzzy Symposium, 1992, pp.
98-107. Logic”. Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles

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