Operating System Its Types and Functions
Operating System Its Types and Functions
An **Operating System (OS)** is system software that manages computer hardware and
software resources and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an
intermediary between users and the computer hardware, facilitating interaction and
control.
1. **Process Management**:
- **Task Scheduling**: Manages the execution of processes and tasks by allocating CPU
time.
- **Process Synchronization**: Ensures that processes do not interfere with each other
while accessing shared resources.
- **Process Control**: Manages process creation, execution, and termination.
2. **Memory Management**:
- **Allocation and Deallocation**: Allocates memory to processes and deallocates it
when no longer needed.
- **Virtual Memory**: Uses disk storage to extend available memory, creating an illusion
of more RAM.
- **Paging and Segmentation**: Divides memory into pages or segments for efficient use
and management.
4. **Device Management**:
- **Device Drivers**: Provides communication between the OS and hardware devices
through device drivers.
- **I/O Operations**: Manages input and output operations, including reading from and
writing to devices.
- **Device Coordination**: Coordinates the use of hardware resources to avoid conflicts
and ensure efficient operation.
5. **User Interface**:
- **Graphical User Interface (GUI)**: Provides a visual interface for user interaction with
icons, windows, and menus.
- **Command-Line Interface (CLI)**: Allows users to interact with the OS through text-
based commands.
Operating systems are essential for the functioning of modern computing devices,
providing the foundation for running applications, managing hardware, and enabling user
interaction.