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Computer System and Its Types

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Computer System and Its Types

Uploaded by

Imtiaz Sultan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer System and its types

### Computer System


A **computer system** is an integrated set of hardware and software components
designed to perform a variety of tasks. It processes data and produces output based on the
input it receives and the instructions programmed into it.
### Types of Computer Systems
1. **Personal Computers (PCs)**:
- **Desktops**: Stationary computers typically used in homes and offices.
- **Laptops**: Portable computers suitable for use on the go.
- **Tablets**: Touchscreen devices that combine features of PCs and mobile devices.
2. **Servers**:
- **File Servers**: Store and manage files for multiple users.
- **Web Servers**: Host websites and manage web traffic.
- **Database Servers**: Manage and provide access to databases.
- **Mail Servers**: Handle email services.
3. **Mainframe Computers**:
- Large, powerful systems used by large organizations for bulk data processing, such as
transaction processing and managing large databases.
4. **Supercomputers**:
- Extremely powerful computers used for complex computations and tasks that require
immense processing power, such as climate modeling, scientific simulations, and
cryptography.
5. **Embedded Systems**:
- Computers integrated into other devices to perform specific tasks, such as in
automobiles, appliances, and industrial machines.
6. **Workstations**:
- High-performance computers designed for technical or scientific applications, often used
for tasks such as graphic design, video editing, and engineering simulations.
7. **Microcontrollers**:
- Small computers on a single integrated circuit, used in embedded systems for controlling
devices like microwaves, washing machines, and remote controls.
8. **Distributed Systems**:
- Systems where multiple computers work together as a single system, sharing resources
and processing tasks collaboratively.
### Components of a Computer System
1. **Hardware**:
- **Central Processing Unit (CPU)**: The brain of the computer, responsible for executing
instructions.
- **Memory**: Includes RAM (temporary storage) and storage devices like hard drives
and SSDs.
- **Input Devices**: Keyboards, mice, scanners, etc.
- **Output Devices**: Monitors, printers, speakers, etc.
- **Motherboard**: The main circuit board that connects all components.
- **Power Supply**: Provides power to the computer components.
2. **Software**:
- **Operating System (OS)**: Manages hardware resources and provides an interface for
user interaction (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
- **Application Software**: Programs designed to perform specific tasks (e.g., word
processors, web browsers, games).
- **System Software**: Includes utilities and drivers that help manage, maintain, and
control computer resources.
3. **Networking Components**:
- **Network Interface Cards (NICs)**: Enable computers to connect to networks.
- **Routers and Switches**: Manage network traffic.
- **Modems**: Connect to the internet.
### Functions of a Computer System
1. **Data Input**: Accepting data and instructions from input devices.
2. **Data Processing**: Performing calculations, running programs, and processing data.
3. **Data Storage**: Storing data temporarily (in RAM) or permanently (on hard drives,
SSDs).
4. **Data Output**: Delivering processed data to output devices.

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