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Forces and Energy

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58 views41 pages

Forces and Energy

Uploaded by

banyu.fidzuno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Forces and Energy

Ms Nurul

Grade 8
If you had a playdough ball and a metal ball of the
same size, which do you think would be heavier?
Pay attention to the video below about density
What is density ?
Density is a measure of a A ratio of mass to
material's or object's volume.
compactness

“These layers of several


liquids show that they
have different densities”
How to know whether an
object is float or sink?
Does it float or sink?
SINKS AND FLOATS
Whether an object sinks or floats in a liquid depends mainly on two factors:
density and buoyancy.

If an object is less
denser than water
it floats
If an object is
more denser
than liquid it
sinks
Does it float or sink? PROBLEM

1. Identify whether the foam object and the steel sinks or


floats in water. Explain your answer using the density values
above.
2. What is the relationship between floating/sinking and
density?
Thermal Energy
Heat is a type of energy called thermal energy.
Heat can be transferred (moved) by three main processes:
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

During heat transfer, thermal energy always moves in the same direction,
HOT  COLD
Heat energy only flows when there is a temperature difference from a
warmer area to a cooler area.
Heat vs Temperature
• Heat is the total thermal energy in an object which is the total energy
of all the particles.
• The unit of heat is Joule.
• Temperature is the average energy of the particles in an object.
• The unit of temperature is Kelvin, Celcius, Reamur, Fahrenheit.
CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY
Energy
Energy is measured in joules (J)

To lift an apple upwards by one metre requires about one joule of


energy.

1 kilojoule (kJ) = 1 000 J


1 megajoule (MJ) = 1 000 000 J
1 electron volts (eV) = 1.6 x 10-19 J
Conservation of Energy

Conservation of energy also means that the total energy in the universe
stays constant.
SANKEY
DIAGRAM
SANKEY DIAGRAM
is a diagram to show the flow of energy through a device
or through a process.

This is the template of sankey diagram :


EXAMPLE:

We can find the


thermal energy by :

Electrical energy -
mechanical energy

= 50 Joules - 36 Joules

= 14 Joules
Efficiency
• Efficiency = amount of useful energy
total energy supplied to the device

Example:
A device consist of 1000 J of total energy and 500 J of
the useful energy. Find the efficiency of its device.

Answer :
Efficiency = 500 J/ 1000 J = 0.5

The greater the efficiency, the less energy is wasted


Questions

Draw a sankey diagram of a car engine which produce 20 J of kinetic


energy and 90 J of sound energy

1. How many the input energy of the car engine?

2. Which one is the useful output energy?

3. Which one is the wasted output energy?


Questions
A light bulb emit 0.63 kJ of light energy. It has the amount of 2000 J of
input energy.

4. Draw a sankey diagram of the light bulb

5. How many the wasted output energy?


Dissipation
• When thermal energy moves from a hotter place to a colder place,
we say that thermal energy has dissipated from the hotter place.
• Energy is always conserved. Thermal energy has not dissapeared or
been destroyed, it has just spread out and moved to a colder place.
CONDUCTION
Conduction of thermal
energy works best in
solids where the particles
are close together and
can only move by
vibrating.

Conduction does not work Conduction does not work Conduction can not
well in liquids because well in gases because happen in a vacuum as
the particles move around the particles are far apart there are no particles to
when heating, rather than and the collisions are not vibrate in a vacuum.
just vibrating. very frequent.
CONVECTION
RADIATION

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