Dr Oliver

Dr Oliver Mathematics
Mathematics
Further Pure Mathematics
Maclaurin and Taylor Series
Past Examination Questions
This booklet consists of 23 questions across a variety of examination topics. The total
Dr Oliver
number of marks available is 203.

1. (a) Write down the expansion of sin 2x is ascending powers of x, up to and including (1)
the termin x5 . Mathematics
(b) Show that, for some value of k, (4)
„ 
2x ´ sin 2x
lim “ 16
xÑ0 x2 lnp1 ` kxq

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and state this value of k.

2. It is given that
Mathematicsy“
?
4 ` sin x.
dy
(a) Express y in terms of cos x. (2)
dx
d3 y
(b) Find the value of when x “ 0. (5)
dx3
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(c) Hence, by using Maclaurin’s
? theorem, find the first four terms in the expansion, is (2)
ascending powers of x of 4 ` sin x.

3. (a) Mathematics
y “ lnpcos x ` sin xq.
(i) Show that (4)
2
dy 2
“´ .

d3 y
Dr Oliver dx 2 1 ` sin 2x

(ii) Find . (1)

dx3
Mathematics
(b) (i) Hence use Maclaurin’s theorem to show that the first three non-zero terms in (3)
the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of lnpcos x ` sin xq, are

x ´ x2 ` 23 x3 .

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(ii) Write down the first three non-zero terms in the expansion, in ascending powers
of x, of lnpcos x ´ sin xq.
(1)

Mathematics
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(c) Hence find the first three non-zero terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of (4)
x, of
Mathematics ln
ˆ
cos 2x
e3x´1
˙
.

4. (a) It is given that

y “ lnpe3x cos xq.
(i) Show that Dr Oliver dy
(3)
“ 3 ´ tan x.

(ii) Find
d4 y
.
Mathematics dx

(3)
dx4
(b) Hence use Maclaurin’s theorem to show that the first three non-zero terms in the (3)
expansion, in ascending powers of x, of y “ lnpe3x cos xq are

Dr Oliver 3x ´ 12 x2 ´ 1 4
12
x.

Mathematics
(c) Write down the expansion of lnp1 ` pxq, where p is a constant, in ascending powers
of x up to and including the term in x2 .
(1)

(d) (i) Find the value of p for which (2)

„ ˆ ˙
1 e3x cos x
lim 2 ln

exists.
Dr Oliver xÑ0 x 1 ` px

Mathematics
(ii) Hence find the value of
„
1
ˆ
e3x cos x
˙
(2)

lim 2 ln
xÑ0 x 1 ` px

when p takes the value found in part (d) (i).

5. Given that y “ tan x, Dr Oliver

dy d2 y d3 y
(a) find ,
dx dx2
, and
dx3Mathematics
.
(b) Find the Taylor series expansion of tan x in ascending powers of px ´ π4 q up to and
(3)
(3)
including the term in px ´ π4 q3 .
(c) Hence show that (2)
2 3
3π π π π
Dr Oliver
tan
10
«1` ` `
10 200 3000
.

Mathematics 2
6. (a) Prove by induction that
Dr Oliver (8)

Mathematics
dn x
dx n
1
pe cos xq “ 2 2 n ex cospx ` 14 nπq, n ě 1.

(b) Hence find the Maclaurin series expansion of ex cos x, in ascending powers of x, up (3)
to and including the term in x4 .

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7. The variable y satisfies the differential equation

d2 y dy
Mathematics 2
4p1 ` x q 2 ` 4x
dx dx
“ y.

dy
At x “ 0, y “ 1, and “ 21 .
dx
d2 y
(a) Find the value of at x “ 0. (1)

(b) Find the value of

dx2
d3 y Dr Oliver
at x “ 0. (4)
dx3
Mathematics
(c) Express y as a series, in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3 . (2)
(d) Find the value that the series gives for y at x “ 0.1, giving your answer to 5 decimal (1)
places.

8.
Dr Oliverp1 ` 2xq
dy
dx
“ x ` 4y 2 .

(a) Show that (2)

Mathematics
p1 ` 2xq
2
dy
dx 2
dy
“ 1 ` 2p4y ´ 1q . p1q
dx
d3 y
(b) Differentiate equation p1q with respect to x to obtain an equation involving , (3)
dx3
2
d y dy
,
dx2 dx
, x, y.

1
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Given that y “ at x “ 0,
2
Mathematics
(c) find a series solution for y, in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term
in x3 .
(6)

9. (a) Find the Taylor expansion of cos 2x in ascending powers of px ´ π4 q up to and (5)
including the term in px ´ π4 q5 .

places.
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(b) Use your answer to (a) to obtain an estimate of cos 2, giving your answer to 6 decimal (3)

Mathematics 3
10.
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d2 y dy
p1 ´ x2 q
dy
Mathematics dx2
´ x
dx
` 2y “ 0.

At x “ 0, y “ 2, and “ ´1.
dx
d3 y
(a) Find the value of at x “ 0. (3)
dx3
Dr Oliver
(b) Express y as a series in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3 . (4)

11.
Mathematics
px2 ` 1q
d2 y
dx 2
dy
“ 2y 2 ` p1 ´ 2xq . (I)
dx
(a) By differentiating equation (I) with respect to x, show that (3)

d3 y d2 y dy
px2 ` 1q “ p1 ´ 4xq ` p4y ´ 2q .
Dr Oliver dx 3 dx 2 dx

dy
Given that y “ 1 and
Mathematics
dx
“ 1 at x “ 0,
(b) find the series solution for y, in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term (4)
in x3 .
(c) Use your series to estimate the value of y at x “ ´0.5, giving your answer to (1)
two decimal places.

12. Given that y “ x3 ln x, Dr Oliver

dy d2 y d3 y
(a) find ,
dx dx2
, and
Mathematics
dx3
.
(b) Find the Taylor series expansion of x3 ln x in ascending powers of px ´ 1q up to and
(5)
(3)
including the term in px ´ 1q3 .

13.

(a) Show that

Dr Oliver y “ sec2 x.
(4)
2
dy
Mathematicsdx 2
“ 6 sec4 x ´ 4 sec2 x.

(b) Find a Taylor series expansion of sec2 x in ascending powers of px ´ π4 q up to and (6)
including the term in px ´ π4 q3 .

14. The displacement x metres of a particle at time t seconds is given by the differential (5)
equation Dr Oliver
d2 x
` x ` cos x “ 0.
Mathematics
dt2
4
 When t “ 0, x “ 0, and
dx
“ 12 .
Dr Oliver
dt
Mathematics
Find a Taylor series solution for x in ascending powers of t, up to and including the term
in t3 .
15.
d2 y
ˆ ˙
x dy 2
“ e 2y `y `1 .

(a) Show that

Dr Oliver
dx2
«
dx

˙2 ff (3)
3 2 ˆ
dy dy dy dy
dx 3 Mathematics
“ ex 2y 2 ` 2
dx dx
` ky
dx
` y2 ` 1 ,

where k is a constant to be found.

dy
Given that, at x “ 0, y “ 1, and “ 2,
dx

in x3 .
Dr Oliver
(b) find a series solution for y in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term (4)

16.
Mathematicsx
dy
“ 3x ` y 2 .
dx
(a) Show that (2)
2
dy dy
x 2
` p1 ´ 2yq “ 3.
dx dx

Given that y “ 1 at x “ 1,
Dr Oliver
term in px ´ 1q3 . Mathematics
(b) find a series solution for y in ascending powers of px ´ 1q, up to and including the (8)

17. (5)
2
dy
` 4y ´ sin x “ 0
dx2
Given that y “ 1
2
dy
and
dx
1 Dr Oliver
“ when x “ 0, find a series expansion for y in terms of x,
8
up to and including the term in x3 .
18. Given that Mathematics ˙2
d2 y
ˆ
dy
y 2` ` 5y “ 0,
dx dx
d3 y d2 y dy
(a) Find in terms of , , and x. (4)
dx3
dy
dx2 dx
Dr Oliver
Given that y “ 2 and “ 2 at x “ 0,
dx
Mathematics 5
 Dr Oliver
(b) find a series expansion for y in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term (5)
in x3 .
19.
Mathematics ? (8)
y “ 8 ` ex , x P R.
Find the series expansion for y in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term
in x2 , giving each coefficient in its simplest form.
20. Dr Oliver
d2 y
ˆ
dy
˙2
y 2 `2 ` 2y “ 0.
Mathematics
d3 y
dx
d2 y dy
dx

(a) Find an expression for in terms of , , and y. (4)

dx3 dx2 dx
dy
Given that y “ 2 and “ 0.5 at x “ 0,
dx

in x3 .
Dr Oliver
(b) find a series expansion for y in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term (5)

21. Mathematics y “ tan2 x, ´ π2 ă x ă π2 .

(a) Show that (4)
2
dy
“ 6 sec4 x ´ 4 sec2 x.
dx2
(b) Hence show that Dr Oliver
dy 3
(3)
“ 8 sec2 x tan xpA sec2 x ` Bq,
Mathematics
dx 3

where A and B are constants to be found.

(c) Find the Taylor series expansion of tan2 x, in ascending powers of px ´ π3 q, up to (4)
and including the term in px ´ π3 q3 .
22. (a) Find the Taylor series expansion about π4 of tan x, in ascending powers of px ´ π4 q, (7)
Dr Oliver
up to and including the term in px ´ π4 q3 .
(b) Deduce that an approximation for tan 5π is (2)
Mathematics
12
1 2 1 3
1 ` 13 π ` 18
π ` 81
π .

23. ˆ ˙
1
y “ ln , |x| ă 12 .
1 ´ 2x

(a) Find
dy d2 y
, , and
Dr Oliver
d3 y
. (4)
dx dx2 dx3
Mathematics 6
 Dr Oliver
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of ln
ˆ
1
˙
about x “ 0, in (3)
1 ´ 2x
Mathematics
ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3 . Give each coefficient in
its simplest form.
` ˘
(c) Use your expansion to find an approximate value for ln 32 , giving your answer to (3)
3 decimal places.

Dr Oliver
Mathematics

Dr Oliver
Mathematics

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Mathematics

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Mathematics

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Mathematics 7