Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Effect of Water On Air Release and Foaming of Phosphate Ester Control Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth John Brown

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Effect of Water On Air Release and Foaming of Phosphate Ester Control Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth John Brown
    1 views28 pages

    Original Title

    Effect of Water on Air Release and Foaming of Phosphate Ester Control Fluids

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    1 views28 pages

    Effect of Water On Air Release and Foaming of Phosphate Ester Control Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth John Brown

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    EFFECT OF WATER ON AIR RELEASE

    AND FOAMING OF PHOSPHATE ESTER


    CONTROL FLUIDS

    STLE 2004 ANNUAL MEETING


    TORONTO

    KEN BROWN,
    UTILITY SERVICE ASSOCIATES
    LYNN BILLINGS,
    FORSYTHE LUBRICATION ASSOCIATES, AND
    TED AUSTIN,
    FORSYTHE LUBRICATION ASSOCIATES
    BACKGROUND

    AT THE 1998 ANNUAL MEETING THE


    AUTHORS HAD PRESENTED MATERIAL ON
    “THE EFFECT OF WATER ON PHOSPHATE
    ESTER CONTROL FLUIDS”. THIS
    DEMONSTRATED THE UPTAKE OF WATER
    EVEN WHEN SITTING IN A LAB AND
    CHANGES IN THE WATER CONTENT OF
    SAMPLES IN STORAGE.

    WHILE THESE FLUIDS DO NOT HAVE AS


    GOOD A HYDROLYTIC STABILITY AS
    MINERAL OILS, NO DEFINITIVE LINK WAS
    FOUND WITH THE LEVELS OF WATER.
    THIS TIME THE EFFECT OF WATER
    CONTENT UP TO ABOUT 4,000 PPM WAS
    INVESTIGATED FOR LINKS WITH CHANGES
    IN THE AIR RELEASE TIMES AND/OR THE
    FOAMING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLUID.

    BOTH NEW AND USED FLUIDS WERE


    TESTED.
    WHY A ‘SPECIAL’ EHC FLUID?

    ELECTROHYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM


    FLUID PRESSURES CAN BE UP TO 1,600 PSI.

    'FIRE RESISTANT' FLUIDS WERE USED TO


    REDUCE THE RISK AND IN MOST CASES
    THIS WAS ONE OF THE TRIARYL
    PHOSPHATE ESTERS (TAP).

    THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES AND THESE


    HAVE OFTEN BEEN GROUPED AS BEING
    EITHER "NATURAL" OR "SYNTHETIC"
    DEPENDING ON THE SOURCE OF THE
    FEEDSTOCK. BOTH TYPES CAN BE
    ‘APPROVED’.
    TYPES OF PHOSPHATE ESTER
    EHC CONTROL FLUIDS

    TYPE FEATURES
    TRIXYLENYL LOW AIR RELEASE TIMES AND
    PHOSPHATE ESTER GOOD OVERALL
    (TXP)

    BUTYLATED PHENOL BEST BULK OXIDATION


    PHOSPHATE ESTER RESISTANCE
    (TBPP)

    ISOPROPYL PHENOL BETTER HYDROLYTIC


    PHOSPHATE ESTER STABILITY THAN BUTYLATED
    (IPPP) SYNTHETICS

    BLEND OF BUTYLATED A COMPROMISE THAT MAY


    PHENOL AND TRIXYLENYL DEPEND ON WHAT WAS USED.
    PHOSPHATE ESTER
    (TXP & TBPP)
    CONDITION MONITORING PROGRAM

    MONTHLY 6 MONTH 12 MONTH


    TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE

    APPEARANCE X X X
    ASTM COLOUR VALUE X X X
    MINERAL OIL CONTENT, ML/L X X X
    NEUTRALIZATION NUMBER, MG KOH/G X X X
    PARTICLE COUNT X X X
    RESISTIVITY AT 20OC (4), OHM CM X X X
    VISCOSITY AT 40OC, MM2/S X X X
    WATER CONTENT, MG/KG X X X

    CHLORINE CONTENT, MG/KG X X


    MG, NA, CA CONTENT, MG/KG X X

    AIR RELEASE AT 50OC, MINUTES X


    FLASH POINT, OC X
    FOAMING (TENDENCY & STABILITY), ML X
    RELATIVE DENSITY AT 15OC X
    HEXANE PATCH TEST X
    OTHER?
    CONSEQUENCES OF ‘PROBLEMS’

    MATERIAL INCOMPATIBILITY
    LEAKS
    STICKING SPOOLS
    FLUID CONTAMINATION

    FLUID DEGRADATION
    SLUDGING, GELS – STICKING SPOOLS
    SCREEN AND FILTER PLUGGING – TRIPS
    FOAMING ABOVE FLUID – SHOULD BE NONE
    WORSE AIR RELEASE – MORE AIR IN FLUID
    CORROSION – INTERNAL SERVO-VALVE

    FLUID CONTAMINATION
    SILTING OF SPOOLS - BINDING
    WEAR OF SPOOLS AND STEMS
    IF FREE WATER, ALSO CORROSION
    OVERSPEED BLADE LOSS
    CASING DAMAGE
    SHOWING A DROP IN TOTAL ACID NUMBER
    WITH BETTER FLUID MAINTENANCE.
    SHOWING A RISE IN RESISTIVITY
    WITH BETTER FLUID MAINTENANCE.
    COOLER LEAK AND THEN A LOWER WATER
    CONTENT WITH RESERVOIR PURGE AIR
    GE PURIFICATION MEDIA HOUSINGS
    SINGLE CARTRIDGE PER HOUSING
    PURIFICATION MEDIA
    COMPOSITION

    CHEMICAL FULLER'S ACTIVATED ZEOLITE


    PROPERTY EARTH ALUMINA

    Al2O3 12.0 98.9 <40


    MgO 10.5 - <5
    SiO2 68.0 0.1 <60
    Fe2O3 5.0 0.1
    CaO 1.7 -
    P 2 O5 1.0 -
    K2O 0.8 -
    Na2O 0.2 0.9 <20
    TiO2 0.7 -
    FOAM

    ABB RESERVOIR SHOWING


    ‘NORMAL’ FOAM. BREATHER IS IN
    LOWER RIGHT
    FOAM

    SIEMENS (ALLIS CHALMERS) SHOWING


    ‘NORMAL’ FOAM IN RESERVOIR
    WATER CONTENT
    (KARL FISCHER)
    ASTM FOAM TEST
    (ASTM D-892)
    TEST FLUIDS

    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP


    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    TEST
    A B A B A B
    TAN
    (mgKOH/g)
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04

    RESISTIVITY
    (Gohm.cm)
    42 8.8 6.9 17 26 11 17 18 21

    WATER
    (ppm)
    509 687 655 453 507 1005 329 297 786
    TRACE METALS
    (ICP)

    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP


    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    TEST A B A B A B
    TAN
    (mgKOH/g)
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04
    METALS
    (ppm)
    Al - - 3 - - - - - -
    Cr 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
    Fe - 1 - - - 1 - - 1
    Na - - 11 - - - - - -
    Mg - 2 1 - - 1 - - 1
    Ca - 4 2 - - 1 - - 1
    Mo 1 - - 1 - - - - -
    FOAM AND AIR RELEASE

    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP


    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    TEST A B A B A B
    TAN
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04
    (mgKOH/g)
    WATER
    (ppm)
    509 687 655 453 507 1005 329 297 786

    FOAM
    SEQ I 20/0 30/0 10/0 20/0 80/0 20/0 0/0 0/0 Tr/0
    SEQ II 80/0 80/0 30/0 15/0 20/0 10/0 0/0 10/0 5/0
    SEQ III 0/0 10/0 5/0 20/0 15/0 Tr/0 0/0 10/0 5/0
    AIR RELEASE 3.7 - 9.9 4.0 11.9 - <1 - 4.8
    (min)
    HYDROLYTIC STABILITY

    TEST
    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP
    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    A B A B A B
    TAN
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04
    HYDROLYTIC
    STABILITY
    (ASTM D2619)
    Cu Wt Change
    -1.6 - -9.2 -0.6 -0.6 - -0.2 - NIL
    (mg/cm2)
    TAN Change
    0.03 - 0.07 0.05 0.03 - 0.06 - 0.03
    (mgKOH/g)
    Final TAN
    0.05 - 0.31 0.08 0.06 - 0.10 - 0.04
    (mgKOH/g)
    Initial TAN
    0.02 - 0.24 0.03 0.03 - 0.04 - 0.01
    (mgKOH/g)
    Aqueous Acid
    3.77 - 20.60 3.16 2.86 - 1.53 - 1.22
    Content
    (mgKOH)
    Cu brassy dulled
    - 1b 1b - 1b - 1b
    Appearance
    EFFECT OF WATER
    ON RESISTIVITY

    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP


    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    TEST
    A B A B A B
    TAN
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04
    (mgKOH/g)
    WATER
    (ppm)
    509 687 655 453 507 1005 329 297 786

    RESISTIVITY
    (Gohm.cm)
    42 8.8 6.9 17 26 11 17 18 21

    HIGH WATER
    1962 1942 1998 1606 1659 2070 2389 2093 1788
    LEVEL (PPM)
    RESISTIVITY
    37 3.8 4.6 9.2 16 8.5 14 11 20
    (Gohm.cm)
    VERY HIGH
    5935 4624 4186 3991 4515 4656 4269 4865 4227
    WATER
    LEVEL (PPM)
    RESISTIVITY 25 ? 0.54 7.7 5.8 1.7 15 7.7 15
    (Gohm.cm)
    EFFECT OF WATER
    ON SEQ I FOAM

    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP


    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    TEST
    A B A B A B
    TAN
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04
    (mgKOH/g)

    WATER
    (ppm)
    509 687 655 453 507 1005 329 297 786

    SEQ I 20/0 30/0 10/0 20/0 80/0 20/0 0/0 0/0 Tr/0
    HIGH WATER
    1962 1942 1998 1606 1659 2070 2389 2093 1788
    LEVEL (PPM)

    SEQ I 20/0 70/0 10/0 30/0 260/0 20/0 0/0 10/0 Tr/0
    VERY HIGH
    WATER 5935 4624 4186 3991 4515 4656 4269 4865 4227
    LEVEL (PPM)

    SEQ I 0/0 20/0 20/0 75/0 30/0 25/0 0/0 20/0 Tr/0
    EFFECT OF WATER
    ON AIR RELEASE

    IPPP IPPP IPPP TBPP TBPP TBPP TXP TXP TXP


    NEW USED USED NEW USED USED NEW USED USED
    TEST
    A B A B A B
    TAN
    0.02 0.23 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04
    (mgKOH/g)

    WATER
    (ppm)
    509 687 655 453 507 1005 329 297 786

    AIR RELEASE
    3.7 - 9.9 4.0 11.9 - <1.0 - 4.8
    (min)

    HIGH WATER
    1962 1942 1998 1606 1659 2070 2389 2093 1788
    LEVEL (PPM)

    AIR RELEASE
    (min)
    7.6 9.0 7.8 7.4 10.1 9.0 < 1.0 7.1 8.5

    VERY HIGH
    WATER LEVEL 5935 4624 4186 3991 4515 4656 4269 4865 4227
    (PPM)

    AIR RELEASE 5.5 7.6 9.1 5.3 9.3 9.4 < 1.0 8.0 5.4
    (min)
    OBSERVATIONS
    1. ALL THE NEW FLUIDS SHOWED LOW
    TOTAL ACID NUMBERS, LOW WATER
    CONTENT, HIGH RESISTIVITY AND LOW
    METALS. THE FOAMING TENDENCY AND
    STABILITY WERE GOOD AS WELL.

    2. THE RESISTIVITY DECREASED WITH


    RISING WATER CONTENT AND AT SOME
    VERY HIGH LEVELS IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE
    TO GET A VALUE.

    3. ALTHOUGH NONE OF THE SAMPLES


    FOAMED BADLY, THE WATER CONTENT IN
    THE ASTM TEST DID NOT SEEM TO MAKE A
    DIFFERENCE.
    4. THE HYDROLYTIC STABILITY OF ALL
    THREE TYPES OF NEW FLUID WAS GOOD.

    5. THE HYDROLYTIC STABILITY OF USED


    FLUIDS WAS NOT AS GOOD AND SEEMED TO
    VARY WITH THE DEGRADATION OF THE
    FLUID.

    6. THE AIR RELEASE TIMES FOLLOWED THE


    EXPECTED TRENDS WITH THE TXP BEING
    THE BEST FOLLOWED BY THE TWO
    ‘SYNTHETICS’.
    A SPECIAL THANKS FOR THE TESTING TO:

    JOSH POWELL - FORSYTHE LUBRICATION


    ASSOCIATES LTD., AND

    ALAN HOLT - GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORP.

    You might also like