UNIT –II

INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

LM1: Inverse Laplace Transforms

If the Laplace transform of the time domain function f (t ) is


F ( s )  L  f (t )   e st f (t )dt
0

then the inverse Laplace transform F ( s ) is the tome domain function f (t ) . That is,

L1  F ( s )  f (t )

LT of some elementary functions

f (t ) L  f ( t )

1
1
s

1
eat
sa

1
e-at
sa

s
cos at
s  a2
2

a
sin at
s  a2
2

s
cosh at
s  a2
2

a
sinh at
s  a2
2

n!
tn
s n 1
ILT of some elementary functions

F (s) L1  F ( s )
1
1
s
1
eat
sa
1
e-at
sa
s
cos at
s  a2
2

a
sin at
s  a2
2

s
coshat
s  a2
2

a
sinhat
s  a2
2

n!
tn
s n 1

Examples:

 1 
1. L1  2   sin t
 s  1

 s   s 
2. L1  2 1
  L  s 2  32   cos3t
 s  9  

6 1
3. L1    6 L1    6(1)  6
s s

 2   1 
4. L1  1
  2 L  s  5   2e
5 t

s  5  

 4   1 
5. L1    4 L1    4e 3 t
 s  3  s  3

2  2! 
6. L1  3   L1  2 1   t 2
t  t 

1  1  1  3!  1 t3
7. L1  4   L1  31   L1  31    t 3  
t   t  3!  t  6 6
Properties:

1. L1  f ( s )  g ( s )  L1  f ( s)   L1  g ( s )

2. L1  f ( s  a)   eat f (t )
3. L1  f ( s  a)   e  at f (t )

Problems:

 8 7 
1. Find L1   2 
 s  5 s  3

Solution:
 8 7   8  1  7 
L1   2   L1    L  s2  3 
 s  5 s  3  s  5  

 
 1 
1 1  1 
 8L    7L  2 2 
s  5
 s  3   
 
 1  7 1 
1 3 
 8L    L
 2 
s  5 3

s2  3 
  

 8e 5t 
7
3
sin  3t 

 6s 3 
2. Find L1  2  2 
 s  25 s  25 

Solution:

 6s 3   6 s  1  3  1  6s  1  3 
L1  2  2   L1  2   L  s 2  25   L  s 2  25   L  s 2  25 
 s  25 s  25   s  25       

 s   1 
 6 L1  2   3L1  2 
 s  25   s  25 

 s  3 1  5 
 6 L1  2  L  2 
 s  25  5  s  25 

3
 6cos5t  sin 5t
5
  s2 
3. Find L1  2 
 s  5s  6 

Solution:

s2 s2

s  5s  6 ( s  2)( s  3)
2

By partial fraction,

s2 s2 A B
  
s 2  5s  6 ( s  2)( s  3) s  2 s  3

s  2  A ( s  3)  B ( s  2)

Substituting s  2  B  4

Substituting s  3  A5

s2 4 5
 
s  5s  6 s  2 s  3
2

Therefore,

 s2   4 5 
L1  2   L1   
 s  5s  6   s  2 s  3

 4  1  5 
 L1    L  s  3
s  2  

 1   1 
 4 L1    5L1  
s  2  s  3

 4e 2t  5e 3t

  2s 2  4 
4. Find L1  
 ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) 

Solution:

By partial fraction,

2s 2  4 A B C
  
( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) s  1 s  2 s  3

2 s 2  4  A ( s  2)( s  3)  B( s  1)( s  3)  C ( s  1)( s  2)

1 4 7
A B C
6 3 2

2s 2  4 1 / 6 4 / 3 7 / 2
  
( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) s  1 s  2 s  3

Therefore,


1 2s 2  4  1  1 / 6 4 / 3 7 / 2 
L  L    
 ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3)   s 1 s  2 s  3

 1 / 6   4 / 3  1  7 / 2 
 L1    L1    L  s  3
 s 1   s2   

 1 1  1  4 1  1  7 1  1 
 L    L  s  2   2 L  s  3
6  s  1 3    

1  t 4 2 t 7 3 t
 e  e  e
6 3 2
  1 
5. Find L1  2 
 ( s  2)( s  2) 

Solution:

By partial fraction,

1 A B C
  
( s  2)( s  2) 2 s  2 s  2 ( s  2)2

1  A ( s  2)2  B ( s  2)( s  2)  C ( s  2)

1 1 1
A B C
16 16 4

1 1 / 16 1 / 16 1 / 4
  
( s  2)( s  2) 2
s  2 ( s  2) ( s  2) 2

Therefore,

 1  1 / 16 1 / 16 1 / 4 
L1  2 
 L1    2 
 ( s  2)( s  2)   s  2 ( s  2) ( s  2) 

1 / 16  1  1 / 16  1  1 / 4 
 L1    L  ( s  2)   L  ( s  2) 2 
s  2    

1 1  1  1 1  1  1 1  1 
 L    L  ( s  2)   4 L  ( s  2) 2 
16  s  2  16    

1 2 t 1 2 t 1 2 t
 e  e  e t
16 16 4
Convolution:

The convolution of the functions f (t ) & g (t ) is defined as

t
f  g   f (u ) g (t  u )du
0

Convolution Theorem:

L1 1 ( s )2 ( s )  L1 1 ( s )   L1 2 ( s )

Problems:

 1 
1. Find L1  
 ( s  3)( s  1) 

Solution:

By convolution Theorem,

 1  1  1 1  1  1  1  1  3t t
L1  L  L  L    e e
 ( s  3)( s  1)   ( s  3) ( s  1)   ( s  3)   ( s  1) 

Now,

t
t t
 e 4 u  1 t
e 3 t
e  e
t 3 u t  u
e du  e  e
t 4 u
du  e 
t
   e  e 
3 t

0 0   4 0 4

 1 
2. Find L1  2 
 ( s  2)( s  2) 

Solution:

By convolution Theorem,
  1   1 1  1  1  1  1  2t
L1  2
 L1  2
L  L  2
 e  te2t
 ( s  2)(s  2)   ( s  2) ( s  2)   ( s  2)   ( s  2) 

Now,

t t
e 2t  te 2t   e 2u (t  u )e2 t u  du  e 2t  (t  u )e 4u du
0 0

t
 e 4u e 4u 
 e 2t  (t  u )  
 4 16  0

 e 4t   e4t 1  
 e 2t  0    t  
 16   4 16  

e 2t e 2t e2t
 t 
16 4 16

Practice Problems:

 5 
1. Find L1  5
 ( s  2) 

 1 
2. Find L1  2
 s ( s  1) 