Program-12

12. In a transmission line G=0 but R is finite valued and sa sfies the
low loss requirement, R<<ѠL. Write a Scilab program to find the
approximate magnitude and phase of Zo.

Source code

clc
clear
Zo=("sqrt(L/C)*(1-sqrt(-1)*R/(2*w*L))");
theta=("atan(-R/(2*W*L))");
disp('Characterises impedance Zo=',Zo);
disp('The phase angle theta=',theta);

Output

22.
 Program-13

13. Write a scilab program to find the power dissipated in the

lossless transmission line.

Source code

clc
clear
ZL=50-%i*75;//Load impedance in ohms
Zo=50;// Characteristics in ohms
R=((ZL-Zo)/(ZL+Zo));
Pi=100e-03;//Input power in milliwatts
Pt=(1-abs(R)^2)*Pi;//Power dissipated by load
disp('Reflection coefficient R=',R);
disp('Power dissipated by the in milliwatts Pt=', Pt*1000);

Output

23.
 Program-14

14. A rectangular waveguide with dimension

a=2.5cm,b=1cm is to operate below 15.1GHz.How
many TE and TM modes can the waveguide transmit
if the guide is filled with a medium characteristics
by ó=0,c=4e0,ur=1. Write a scilab program to
calculate the cutoff

Source code

clc
clear
a=2.5*10^-2,b=1*10^-2,c=0,Ur=1,Er=4,C=3*10^8;
fc=0,m=0,n=0;
while(fc*10^-9<15.1)
fc=(C/(4*a))*sqrt(m^2+(a*n/b)^2);
if((fc*10^-9)<15.1)then
n=n+1;
else disp('Max valu of mis=',n-1);end
end
fc=0,m=0,n=0;
while(fc*10^-9<15.1)
fc=(C/(4*a))*sqrt(m^2+(a*n/b)^2);
if((fc*10^-9)<15.1)then
m=m+1;
else disp('Max valu of mis=',m-1);end
end

24.
function [p]=mode(m, n);
p=(C/(4*a))*sqrt(m^2+(a*n/b)^2);
if((p*10^-9)<15.1)then
disp("Transmission mode is possible",[m n]);
else p=0; end
endfunction
for i=1:1:5,for j=1:1:2,mode(i,j);end;
end

Output

25.
 Program-15

15. In a rectangular waveguide for which

a=1.5cm,b=0.8cm, ó=0,u=u0 and c=4e0

Hx=2sin(𝝅x/a) cos(3𝝅y/b) sin(𝝅 x 1011t-βz)A/m.

Write a scilab program to determine.

a) The modes of operation.

b) The cutoff frequency.
c) The phase constant β.
d) Propagation Constant γ.
e) The intrinsic wave impedance.

Source code

clc
clear
a=1.5*10^-2,b=0.8*10^-2,c=0,Uo=4*%pi*10^-
7,Ur=1,Eo=10^-9/(36*%pi);
Er=4,C=3*10^8,w=%pi*10^11,m=1,n=3;
u=C/2;
f=w/(2*%pi);
fc=u*((m*m)/(a*a)+(n*n)/(b*b))^0.5/2;
disp("Cutoff frequency =",fc*10^-9)
B=w*sqrt(Uo*Ur*Eo*Er)*sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2);
disp("Phase constant =",B)
disp("Propagation constant =",%i*B)
n=377/sqrt(Er)*sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2);
disp("Intrinsic wave impedance",n);

26.
Output

27.
 Program-16

16. A slandered air-filled rectangular waveguide with dimension

a=8.636, b=4.318 cm is fed by a 4 GHz carrier from a coaxial cable.
Write a Scilab program to determine whether a 𝑻𝑬𝟏𝟎 mode will be
propagated? Calculate the phase velocity and the group velocity.

Source code

clc
clear
a=8.636*10^-2,b=4.318*10^-2,f=4*10^9;
u=3*10^8;
fc=u/(2*a);//Cutoff frequency
disp("Cut off frequency",fc*11^-9);
if(f>fc)then
disp("As F>fc soTE10 mode will propagate")
else
disp("It will not propagte")
end
Up=u/sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2);
disp("Phase velocity in Mm/sec=",Up*10^-6);
Ug=u*u/Up;
disp("Group Velocity in Mm/sec=",Ug*10^-6)

28.
Output

29.
 Program-17

17. A parallel plate waveguide has plate separation d=1 cm and is

filled with Teflon having dielectric constant 𝜺𝒓 =2.1. Write a Scilab
program to determine the maximum operating frequency such that
only the TEM mode will propagate. Also find the range over which
the 𝑻𝑬𝟏 and 𝑻𝑴𝟏 (m=1) modes will propagate and no higher order
modes.

Source code

clc
clear
er1=2.1;//Dielectric constant for teflon material
er0=1;//Dielectric constant for air
d=1e-02;//Parallel plate waveguide separation
C=3*10^8;
n=sqrt(er1/er0);//Refractive index
fc1=C/(2*n*d);
disp("Cutoff frequency for the first wave guide in
Hz =",fc1

30.
Output

31.
 Program-18

18. A parallel plate waveguide has plate separation d=1 cm and is

filled with Teflon having dielectric constant 𝜺𝒓 =2.1 and if the
operating wavelength is λ=2 mm. Write a Scilab program to
determine how many waveguide modes will propagate

Source code

clc
clear
er1=2.1;//dielectric constant of teflon
er0=1;//dielectric constant of air
n=sqrt(er1/er0);//Refractive index
lamda=2e-03;//OPerating cut off wavelength in metre
d=1e-02;//Parllel Plate wave guide separation
m=(2*n*d)/lamda;
disp("Number of waveguide modes propagate =",floor(m))

32.
Output

33.
 Program-19

19. A magnetic field strength of 5uA/m is required at a

point on theta=pi/2, which is 2km from an antenna
in air, Neglecting ohmic loss. Write a scilab program
to find. How much power must the antenna transmit
if it is.

a.) A hertzian dipole if length is lambda/2.

b.) A half-wave dipole.
C.) A quarter wave monopole.
d.) A 10 loop antenna of radius =lamda/2.

Source code
clc
clear
function [P, I]=powerhert(H, P, r, B, dl)
I=H*4*r*%pi/((B*(dl))*sin(P));
P=40*%pi*%pi*I*I*dl*dl;
disp("Power Transmit in Hertizian dipole in mW =",P*1000);
endfunction
powerhert((5*(10)^-6),%pi/2,2000,(2*%pi),1/25);
function [P, I]=powerhw(H, P, r)
I=H*2*r*%pi*sin(P)/(cos((%pi/2)*cos(P)));
R=73;
P=(I*I*R)/2;
disp("Power transmit in Half wave dipole in mW =",P*1000);
endfunction
powerhw((5*(10)^-6),%pi/2,2000);
function [P, I]=powerqw(H, P, r)
I=H*2*r*%pi*sin(P)/(cos((%pi/2)*cos(P)));
R=36.56;
P=(I*I*R)/2;

34.
 disp("Power transmit by Quarterwave monopole in mW
=",P*1000)
endfunction
powerqw((5*(10)^-6),%pi/2,2000);
function [P, I]=powersingloop(H, r, k);
R=192.3;
I=H*r/(%pi*%pi*10*k*k);
P=(I*I*R)/2;
disp("Power Transmit in 10 turn loop antenna in mW
=",P*1000)
endfunction
powersingloop((5*(10)^-6),2000,1/20);

Output

35.
 Program-20

20. An electric field strength of 10uV/m is to be

measured at an observation point
theta=pi/2,500km from a halfwave(resonant)dipole
antenna operating in air at 50MHz.

a.) What is the length of the dipole.

b.) Calculate the current that must be fed to the
antenna.

C.) Find the average power radiated to the antenna.

d.) If the transmission line with Zo=75ohm is
Connected to the antenna, determine the standing
wave ratio.

Source code
clc
clear
c=3*10^-8;
f=50*10^-6;//Frequency
disp("Length of halfdipole in meter",c/(2*f))
function [P, I]=curpow(E, P, r)
n=420*%pi;
R=73;
I=E*2*r*%pi*sin(P)/(n*(cos((%pi/2)*cos(P))));
P=(I*I*R)/2;//Power
disp("Current fed to antenna in mA",I*1000)

36.
disp("Power radiated by antenna in mW",P*1000);
endfunction
curpow((10*(10)^-6),%pi/2,500*10^3);
Zl=73+42.5*%i,Zo=75;//Load impedance
T=(Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo);
s=(1+abs(T))/(1-abs(T));//Stantding wave ratio
disp("Standing wave ratio",s);

Output

37.
 Program-21

21. Show that the directive gain of the Hertzian

dipole is

Gd=1.5 sin2 0
and the half wave dipole is

Gd=1.64 Cos2(pi/2 cos0)/ sin2 0

Source code

clc
clear
G=(integrate('(sin(P))^3','P',0,%pi))*int
egrate('1','Q',0,2*%pi)
Gd=4*%pi/G;
disp(“Directive gain “,Gd)

38.
Output

39.
 Program-22

22. Determine the electric field intensity at a distance

of 10km from an antenna having a directive gain 5dB
and radiating a total power of 20kW

Source code

clc
clear
G=5;//Directive gain
r=10*10^3;
P=20*10^3;//Total Power
n=120*%pi;
Gd=10^(G/10);
E=sqrt(n*Gd*P/(2*%pi*r*r));//Electric field
intensity
disp("Electric field intensity at 10 km is =",E);

40.
Output

41.
 Program-23

23. The radiation intensity of an certain antenna is

U(𝞡,𝞥) = 2 sin2𝞡 sin3𝞥, 0≤𝞡≤pi , 0≤𝞥≤pi

= 0, elsewhere

Determine the directivity of the antenna

Source code

clc
clear
Umax=2;

Uavg=(1/(4*%pi))*2*integrate('(sin
(P))^2','P',0,%pi)*integrate('(sin(Q))^3','Q',0,%pi);

D=Umax/Uavg;
disp("Directivity of antenna = ",D)

42.
Output

43.
 Program-24

24. Find the maximum area of a lamda/2 wire dipole

operating at 30MHz.How much power is received with
an incident plane wave of strength 2mV/m.

Source code

clc
clear
c=3*10^8,f=30*10^6,E=2*10^-3;
l=c/f;
n=120*%pi,R=73;
Gdmax=n/(%pi*R);
Amax=(l^2/(4*%pi))*Gdmax;
disp("Maxixmum effective area =",Amax)
Pr=(E*E*Amax)/(2*n);
disp("Power recievd in nW =",Pr*(10^9))

44.
Output

45.
 Program-25

25. The transmitting and receiving antenna are

separated by 200lamda and have directive gain of 20dB
and 18dB, respectively. If 5mW of power is to be
received, calculate the minimum transmitted power

Source code

clc
clear
Gt=25,Gr=18,r=200,Pr=5*10^-3;
Gdt=10^(Gt/10),Gdr=10^(Gr/10);//Directive gains
Pt=Pr*(4*%pi*r)^2/(Gdr*Gdt);//Minimum Power
disp("Minimum power received in Watt =",Pt);

46.
Output

47.
 Program-11

11. Two voltage waves having equal frequencies and

amplitudes propagate in opposite direc on on a lossless
transmission line. Write a Scilab program to determine the
total voltage as a func on of me and posi on.

Source code

clc
clear
vst=("2*Vo*cos(B*z)");
disp("VST=",vst);
vzt=("2*Vo*cos(B*z)*cos(w*t)");
disp("VZT=",vzt);

Output

21.