MINI PROJECT -II REPORT (KMBN 252)

ON
GEMS AND JEWELLARY

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

A Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirement
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
USAS MAAM
SUBMITTED BY:
PEER VISHWAKARMA
MBA -II SEMESTER ROLL NO:
SESSION: 2024-2025

RAMESWARM INSTIYUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &MANAGEMENT

 DECLARATION
I am PEER VISHWAKARMA Student of MBA 2NDSemester, studying in
RITM Lucknow, hereby declare that this Mini Project on GEMS AND
JEWELLARY, submitted to
A.K.T.U, in a partial fulfillment of “Degree of Masters of Business
Administration” is the original work conducted by me by primary and
secondary data collection method.
The information and data given in the project is authentic to the best of
my knowledge. This Project is not being submitted to any other
university for any other Degree, Diploma and fellowship.

Date: Signature:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly obliged to MISS. USAS MAA’M , my FACULTY, for his guidance
and support and granting me permission to carry out my project report on
“gems and jewellry industry”

I find immense pleasure in expressing my indebtedness and gratitude to

PROF. USAS MAA’M (H.O.D of Management Dep.) for having received much
help and assistance.

Last but not the least I would like thank my family and friends for their
support without which this project would not have been successful.

ROLL.NO-
 TABLE OF CONTENT
PARTICULAR PAGE NO
DECLARATION

AKWNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

EMERGING THECNOLOGY IN
GEMS AND JEWELLRY
CHALLENGES IN GEMS AND
JEWELLRY
MAJOR PLAYERS IN JEWELLRY
INDUSTRY
TYPES OF GEMS

BEST DIAMONDS BRANDS OF

INDIA
SWOT

COCLUSION

SUGGESTIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gems and jewelry industry

INTRODUCTION

INDIAN JEWELRY INDUSTRY

The gems and jewelry industry occupies an important position in the
Indian
Economy. It is a leading foreign exchange earner, as well as one of the
fastest

Growing industries in the country. The two major segments of the sector
in India are gold jewelry and diamonds. Gold jewelry forms around 80
per cent of the Indian jewelry market, with the
Balance comprising fabricated studded jewelry that includes diamond
and Gemstone studded jewelry. Besides, India is world's largest cutting
and Polishing Industry for diamonds, well supported by government
policies and the banking sector with around 50 banks providing nearly
$3 billion of credit to the Indian diamond industry.
A predominant portion of the gold jewelry manufactured in India is
consumed in the domestic market. However, a major portion of the
rough, uncut diamonds processed in India is exported, either in the form
of polished diamonds or finished diamond jewelry. The largest
consumer of gold worldwide, India is also the leading diamond cutting
nation.
Gold and precious gems have played a pivotal role in the Indian social
fabric and economy. Precious gems and jewelry are a part and parcel of
Indian traditions and customs. Gold has traditionally been valued in
India as a savings-and investment
vehicle and even today, continues to be the second most popular
instrument after bank deposits. Gems and jewelry is one of the fastest
growing sectors in the Indian economy with an annual growth rate of
approximately 15 per cent.
The gems and jewelry industry accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the
total Indian exports and employs over 1.3 million people, directly or
indirectly. The Gems and Jewelry (G&J) market essentially comprises of
sourcing, processing, manufacturing and selling of precious metals and
gemstones, such as, Gold, Platinum, Silver, Diamond, Ruby, and
Sapphire etc.
The G&J market is a significant contributor to the Indian economy,
based on the size of the domestic market and through its contribution to
the country’s exports. India is the largest consumer of gold (around 20
percent of global consumption) and also the largest

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Gems and jewelry industry

Precious metals and gemstones have been an integral part of the Indian civilization
since its recorded history. Gems and Jewelry (G&J) has been consumed by Indians
for ages for both its aesthetic as well as investment value. India has the distinction
of being the first country to introduce diamonds to the world. The country was also
the first to mine, cut & polish and trade in diamonds.
The Indian G&J industry can be classified into various sub segments like
diamonds, colored stones, gold and silver jewelry, pearls, etc. However, the two
major segments in India are gold and diamonds. India dominates the diamond
processing trade with 11 out of 12 diamonds being cut and polished in India. India
also dominates the gold and silver consumption globally with consumption of
approximately 700 tonnes (gold) p.a. A major foreign exchange earner, the
industry is also notable in providing employment to 1.5 mn people directly and
indirectly.
The industry is characterized by a significantly large unorganized sector, labour-
intensive operations, high working capital & raw material intensiveness, gold price
volatility and export orientation. The demand for gold and diamond jewelry is
driven by festivals, weddings and gifts, the increasing affluence of the middle class
population and the increase in per capita spent on luxury items.
Though India plays a dominant role in the G&J industry in terms of processing and
consumption, mining of gold and diamond is amongst the lowest in the world.
India imports gold and rough diamonds along with other precious metals. Gold is
purchased from countries like Switzerland, South Africa, Australia and UAE, and
rough diamonds are sourced from Belgium, UK, Israel and UAE. There is an
impact on the demand for gold given the record high price of gold in the last
couple of years, but consumers have remained bullish on the precious metal and
there is an increased investment-related demand for gold.
The key drivers for growth in the industry are increasing disposable income,
conscious marketing efforts, rising young population with the urge to spend on
jewelry since it’s regarded a fashion accessory. Indian G&J players are recognizing
the importance of diversifying their business to emerging markets like China and
the Middle East and not completely relying on the US as was the case before the
financial crisis. However, it will be difficult to replace the US which is still the
largest diamond market in the world. We now expect emerging market countries to
be the engines of future growth for the diamond market as the demand from
developed countries will remain subdued for some time to come.
Based on the gradual recovery in the global markets, CARE Research has
investigated some of the leading indicators that signal a growing momentum in the
Indian G&J sector. Factors like significantly lower inventory levels as compared to
the period of financial crisis, a huge jump in export numbers, lower unemployment
levels and stable rough diamond prices, all reveal a resurgence in the sector which
was so critically impacted during the financial crisis when demand from developed
countries plummeted. The report elucidates facts on the Indian Gems & Jewelry
Industry, supplemented by the latest available data. Emphasis is laid on the
following topics to accomplish the report.
* Evolution and the current state of the industry.
* Product profile of various categories of gems and jewelry like diamond, gold,
silver and colored gemstones.
* Industry characteristics elaborated with respect to raw material, labour
and working capital intensiveness, unorganized sector, export orientation
and branding & certification.
* Demand-supply scenario and detailed discussion on demand drivers,
increasing affluence and middle class population and shift in buying
patterns.
* Extensive coverage on export & import trade with the latest three-
year data on product-wise and country-wise exports of gems and
jewelry and product-wise imports of gems and jewelry.
* Cost analysis analyzing raw material cost and interest cost.
* A brief note on duty structure and government regulations in the
industry.

GEMS AND JEWELRY INDUSTRY IN

WORLD
Gems and jewelry industry has the top ten highest export value that incurred
employment and continuous industries such as mining, designing, making and
assembling of body, producing in gem-cutting machinery, and packaging, etc.
Therefore, gems and jewelry industry is an important industry of national
economic development. In 2003, there are attentive policies and issues related to
this industry as follows. Thailand has participated in the unpolished diamond
import-export certification project under the agreement of Kimberley Process since
January 1, 2003 which has confirmed that Thailand would not polish diamond
from the countries that support terrorism.
The Revenue Department has announced the VAT exemption for jewel, white
gold, platinum, silver, and paradium on April 10, 2003, resulting in the increased
competitiveness.The Ministry of Industry has been approved for Bangkok: Fashion
City Project by the Cabinet on July 8, 2003 with Baht 1,824 million budget and 18
months operating period.Board of Investment (BOI) has increased the privileges to
the entrepreneurs who have invested in Gem polis Industrial Estates with
exemption of corporate tax for 8 years to the relocating and new factories, and
import duty for machinery. The promoting zones have been classified as exempted
5 years for zone 1, 7 years for zone 2, and 8 years for zone 3. Research and
Development Institute of Gems and Jewelry in cooperation with Asian Science and
Technology University have succeeded in standardization for color comparing of 7
gems, namely emerald, topaz, garnet, topaz, tanzanite and pink sapphire. Since the
colors of gems are important to pricing especially in U.S. and European markets.
Such research is a part of gems and jewelry development project under the second
phase of industrial restructuring plan (fiscal year 2001 – 2004) of the Ministry of
Industry.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN
GEMS AND JEWELRY

Innovations in the gems and jewellery sector have paved a

way in creating and designing uniquely styled products that
the consumers of this generation can derive values other
than just monetarily. In this ever-increasing flux of demand,
science has come up with technologies like lasers. CAD, 3D
printing and AI-enabled designers to give form to one of a
kind shapes and geometries, which were not possible
earlier.
The technology innovations with ever-growing e-commerce
in the retail sector is helping Indian consumers in terms of
convenience, choice and quality. In this digital-driven era,
millennials prefer a seamless retail experience. The online
jewellery market is here to stay!

“Indian Online Jewellery Market Is

Estimated At $850 Million In 2019
And Is Projected To Grow To $3.7
Million By 2025, At A CAGR Of
28%.”
The Current Scenario Of The Gems And Jewellery
Sector
Indian gems and jewellery play a remarkable role in the
Indian economy, contributing around 7.5 percent of our
total GDP in the year 2021 and it is considered to be one of
the largest gems and jewellery sectors in the world.
According to IBEF.ORG, the market will likely see a growth
of 103.6 billion dollars by the year 2023. The estimated
number of labour involved with this sector is 5 million,
according to the Times of India.
The Indian jewellery sector is home to more than 300,000
gems and jewellery players. With the courtesy of advanced
technologies and the ever-changing lifestyles of the
millennials of today’s generation, the enhanced marketing
process of the Indian jewellery sector has utilized these
technologies, especially after the COVID pandemic. Mainly
through online e-commerce platforms, artificial intelligence
consequently opened a new door in the arena of the digital
economy of the sai industry.

The Design And Production Methods Of Indian Gems And

Jewellery
The unique cultural and historical timeline of fine Indian
gems and jewellery contain various accounts of the aesthetic
hand craftsmen who were not just instrumental in the design
of the piece but were responsible for bringing the Indian
jewellery making process into a global scale. In recent times,
however, numerous global jewellery businesses developed
partnerships with several local Indian artisans and
craftsmen who, according to a recently published article,
‘enhanced the value of the items by imbibing their cultural
ideals making the piece of jewellery special’.

‘India has 10 special economic zones (SEZ) for gems &

jewellery. These zones have more than 500 manufacturing
units, which contribute 30% to the country’s total exports.’

There are four methods of manufacturing. They are:

1.Electroforming:
In this particular method, copies of wax are created and
varnished with electrically charged thin layers of metal. The
next process involves immersing those copies in an
electrically charged liquid that contains precious metals.
These particles stick to the layered wax copies.
2. Hand Fabrication:
Hand fabrication is the process where each one of the
elements is neatly formed, organized, joined and finished
using hands and hands only.
3. Die Striking:
The process starts with the production of a steel pattern
known as a Die ( A die is specially fashioned to create
desirable jewellery). A specially designed die-striking
machine will be carried out to cut the blanks of the size and
shape needed for the jewellery to be made.
4. Lost-Wax Fabrication:
The process requires the use of wax moulds to create silica-
coated shells where metal is poured down and granted to
harden.

Lack Of Technologies Used In Industries

Since most of the jewellery markets in India are unorganized
and unevenly spread, the reason for a sophisticated
advancement in technologies in bringing the market together
will render advantageous in an already highly demanded
sector to flourish more. According to an article published in
the Times Of India, improving the productivity of small and
medium manufacturers and the quality of finished goods
manufactured by them will result in them gaining access to
technological advancements.

Recent technological advancements like 3D printing and

CAD (computer-aided design) have revolutionized this
sector in most parts of the world. And the Indian jewellery
sector has yet to adopt it extensively to its large unorganized
market.
The market driving platforms fueled by e-commerce
platforms CAD, 3D solutions, cloud solutions and Artificial
intelligence, adapting these futuristic advancements will only
yield more growth to the Indian gems and jewellery sector.

Technology That Is Used In Identifying, Cutting,

Manufacturing And Designing Jewellery In India Are:
1. CAD technology: Computer-aided design is software used
to create precise and accurate illustrations of a particular
piece of jewellery. CAD aided engineering in India is used
for verifying 3D jewellery models and their accuracy.

2. Lasers: The functional utility of lasers allows diverse

shapes to be engraved on the metal, engraving identification
numbers and brand logos. Laser technology in India is used
for start to end processes, that is, from planning to polishing.
This process aids in minimizing wastage and scanning
impurities.

3. 3D Printing: it enables the designers to create complex

designs with this sophisticated piece of technology. However,
the use of 3D printing is still progressing and refined
research and development in this field will result in wide
sector commercial use at an affordable price. With the help
of 3d printing, many of India’s jewellers and merchants
derived time-saving value and improved efficiency.

4. Detection and mapping technologies: The combination

helps in detecting small diamonds, possessing a size less than
a carat. Technological mapping of gems and jewellery
enables value chain analysis and export competitiveness of
India’s precious stones manufacturers and aids them in
initiating new trends in the international market.

5. Augmented reality and artificial intelligence: augmented

reality has grown to be instrumental in brands staying
connected with customers. This particular technology allows
customers to virtually try on a piece of jewellery creating a
unique sensory experience. Artificial intelligence creates a
reliable way of designing jewellery. AI proves useful in
detecting the shapes and colours of gemstones. And since
India’s after pandemic scenes in
the jewellery market has witnessed an obvious improvement
due to these unique technology implementations.

According to an article published by Gem Encyclopedia- A

synthetic gem material is made in the laboratory but per
cent shares virtually all chemical, optical and physical
characteristics of its natural mineral counterpart.

To prevent the fraud practice of illegal mixing of natural

and synthetic diamonds, the World Jewellery Confederation
(CIBJO) has decided to form a lab-grown diamond
committee to establish rules and regulations for the synthetic
diamond sector.

As India is one of the largest markets for diamond

distribution on a global scale, the demand for lab-grown
stones is likely to increase.
‘The Lab-Grown Diamond And Jewellery Promotion
Council predict that synthetic diamond is likely to capture 2
per cent of India’s overall gem and jewellery exports to the
US and is expected to cover 50 percent of market share by
2024

CHALLENGES IN GEMS AND JEWELRY

Unorganized Sector
India’s gems and jewellery industry is vastly unorganized and 90% of the players
having family owned businesses. However, the organized sector is also increasing.
Even though the growth is slow, in future it is likely to cover a major share of the
market due to the change in lifestyle and preference of customer. The unorganized
sector hampers the ability of Indian gems and jewellery industry to emerge as a
world- class supplier. According to a FICCI study, the gold processing industry
have around 15,000 players, with only 80 units having revenues over US $ 5
million. India is also home to around 450,000 goldsmiths, over 100,000 gold
jewellers along with about 6,000 diamond-processing players and 8,000 diamond
jewellers .

Dependency on Imports

The gems and jewellery industry mainly depends on the supply of raw materials. In
India 90 per cent of raw material is imported and its supply is limited. The raw
material is processed to finish products to sale in international market. Rough
diamonds as raw material accounts for more than 50 per cent of imports of raw
material . During the year 2009-10 import of total rough diamonds was Rs.316
billion. India imports rough diamonds mainly from Belgium, the UK, Israel and the
UAE etc. while gold jewellery is imported from Switzerland, South Africa, the
UAE and Australia etc. Raw pearls and, precious and semi-precious stones are
imported from Belgium, the UK and Hong Kong etc. Europe has become the
largest importing destination of raw material for Indian gems and jewellery
industry .

Exporters depends completely on imported raw material, hence more export should
lead to more import. But the fact which causes worry is that excess imported raw
material, when exported gives fewer earnings in foreign exchange. Another
concern is to make the deal for a fair price of raw material imported as it directly
affects the cost of production and due to which cost of exports does not let us stand
in competitive international market .

Changing Trend

Global marketing requires a changing fashion of gems and jewellery particularly in

the context of very high prices of diamond, gold and silver. Exporters not having
enough design development centres and to innovate latest designs to match with
the changing trend of foreign buyers . Manufacturers manufacture specific type of
gems and jewellery products according to the market demand. But due to change
of trend, demand of that type of products start decreasing and eventually it finishes.
This situation blocks the manufacturer’s capital and the huge stock is collected.
The producers give the stock to the brokers for selling. The consumer reduces the
cost of production to half in this condition: the sellers don’t sell their items under
the cost of product .
Human resource problems

Employees are significant part of any industry. The labour force in Indian gems
and jewellery sector is less productive as compared to China, Thailand, the USA,
the UK, Sri Lanka and Israel. Non-availability of skilled workers is often cited as
one of the major reasons for the inability of the players in this industry to scale up
their operations. Supply of craftsmen / artisans that come through generations need
to be complemented by fresh talents, trained in a professional manner , to have
access to wider talent pool . The industry has seen an increasing shift to wax
techniques form metal. Metal working mould making and setting is far more
difficult than working on wax in terms of skill requirement and time required.
However, the exporters is facing a paucity in the availability of workers skilled in
metal work (NSDC report). The industry’s on-the-job training model leads to
longer training time and creates gaps in availability of industry best practices and
standardization, mainly for the fragmented part of the industry .

Rise in price

The prices of gold and silver, have been witnessing sudden increase, since the last
few years, which has been changing the buying pattern of consumers. During the
period December 2008 to December 2009, the price of gold per ten grams, has
increased from Rs.13,445 to Rs.16,870, an increase of 26 per cent (Bose, 2011).
Even though the price of silver had shown a decline after February 2009, it again
started rising after April 2009. From Rs.17,847 per kg in December 2008, the
silver price increased to Rs.27,430 per kg in December 2009. In December 2013
gold per ten gram Rs.30221, and Silver was Rs.44223 per kg.

Indian gems and jewellery (G&J) sector has been primarily impacted by the
imposition of various government regulations, rising gold prices, rupee
depreciation and sluggish GDP growth globally and in India. With rising and
volatile gold prices, the demand for gold jewellery and gold bars and coins tends to
decline. In order to curtail the rising CAD, a slew of measures have been taken by
the government to curb gold imports and the rising CAD. These regulations
negatively impact the industry by increasing the working capital requirements,
constraining the gold supply in the short term, hike in gold prices and reducing
investment demand for gold. Also, the slowdown in the global economic growth
mainly in US and Europe would to a certain extent impact the growth of emerging
nations like China and India .

Competition from China and other countries

Although India currently enjoys dominance in the world's cut and polished
diamond market, China may emerge as a rival in the long-term, mainly because of
the availability of cheap labour, growing domestic demand, and also the
improvement in the quality of workmanship in the country. It may be added that
increasing number of diamond processors are setting up their facilities in China
due to these reasons. Also, there has been growing pressure in major diamond
producing countries in Africa, like Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, to gain
further economic benefits from diamond value chain, seeking investments in
cutting and polishing industry. Such developments may affect the prospects of
India .

An increasing number of diamond processors from Israel and Belgium, and even
India, are setting up facilities in China, for reasons like the cheap and disciplined
labour force, significant increase in potential consumers in the high- income
segment within the country and the steadily improving quality of Chinese
workmanship. Technology is the area where the Indian industry faces a long term
threat from China (NSDC report). However, China with its modern and automatic
factories is today in a similar position to manufacture jewellery at competitive
prices .
Financial problems

The exporters is facing challenges in availability of low cost financing. The short
term bank credits like cash credits, letter of credit with interests ranging from 10 to
15% are very costly to exporters as the raw material costs are very high, lending to
financing challenges for jewellers . In gems and jewellery industry since the most
of the stones dealt with are expensive, hence the exporters need more finance for
investment. Other problems faced by gems and jewellery exporters while sourcing
their capital are as under:

 High rate of interest being charged by the banks on export credit.

 Lack of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamond.
 Less sanction on extension of credit limits of gems and jewellery exporters.
 Existence of partiality in rating of gems and jewellery firms by credit rating
agencies
 In addition to this, formalities of the financial organization are so much that
it is highly time consuming process .

Transportation

Transportation is the nerve knot of gems and jewellery industry of India. Exporters
in gems and jewellery industry fall a victim to the problem of not being able to
fulfil the demand of products. They also fill the absence of any professional
organization or government counter, so that they may purchase raw material of
gems and jewellery according to their necessities. Export is an essential hardship .
The clearance of parcel from custom and other formalities take a lot of time and
after the dispatch of parcel it reaches in the foreign country within 5-6 days. To
overcome this problem, exporters dispatch their parcel from Delhi and the parcel
reaches the country concerned within one day. But the parcel of such a precious
thing is not safe .
Research and Product Development

Another major challenge faced by the exporters is the low level of

research and development (R&D) intensity and facilities for undertaking
research and product development. Proper R&D solutions would help in
improving product quality, reducing wastage, introducing new designs
and concepts, and innovation in supply chain management and
marketing. The gap between hi-end machines and unskilled labour can
also be reduced with innovative R&D solution
MAJOR PLAYERS IN JEWELRY
INDUSTRY
Rajesh exports ltd.: Rajesh exports ltd is the world’s largest gold
manufacturing company. It was incorporated in 1985 having its head
office in Bangalore. they are world low cost jewelry producers, having
manufacturing facilities from refining to retailing.

Asian star jewels pvt. Ltd.: A' Star Jewelry is the domestic jewelry
manufacturing division of Asian Star Company Limited- a Diamond
Trading Company Sight holder™. Asian Star is one of the world's leading
diamantine, with interest in diamond manufacturing, jewelry
manufacturing and retailing.

Gitanjli jewels: it is founded as a single company, cutting and polishing

diamond to the jewelry trade at surat, Gujarat in 1966. The gitanjli
group became, many times over, a pioneer among major diamond &
jewelry products. It has won 50 national and council awards from the
ministry of India.

Asmi group: Asmi jewelry India Private Limited operates as a subsidiary

of Gitanjali Gems Limited and it is one of the top manufactures and
retailers of wide range of gold and diamond jewelry for women. It has
500+ retail outlets in India which includes stand alone stores, leading
franchisees and established anchor shop-in-shop and leading retailers.

SuashishJewelryLtd: Suashish Diamonds Limited is a public

limited company incorporated on October 05, 1988 under the
Companies Act, 1956 Promoted by Ramesh Kumar S Goenka, Suashish
Diamonds (SDL) was incorporated in Oct.'88 which imports rough
diamonds, cuts and polishes them, and then exports them. Its clientele
is spread across the US, Japan, Europe, east Asia and Israel. It is a
privileged sight holder of the Diamond Trading Company (DTC), London,
whereby it enjoys an uninterrupted supply of raw materials at
competitive rates. SDL has been granted Star Trading House status
under the export-import policy of the Government of India. It has
established a 100% subsidiary Suashish Diamonds in Hong Kong.
 Types of gems
Ruby – Sapphire: - Sapphire is a gemstone of rare and expensive, which ranked
first in terms of importance. For the color red and shiny and dark, and subjected
to high temperature reduces the color.

Diamonds

Diamond is ranked second after the sapphire in terms of importance. A pure white
or yellow... And subject to high temperatures in order to make.

Emeralds

Is a type of mineral Beryl and is composed of silicate of beryllium and aluminum,

is found in the mines between the rigid rocks and marble unlike most gems. To a
deep dark green color, transparent, and ranks third in importance.
Sapphire

Is a type of metal Alchorondaum bluecolor, consisting of underground heat

and intense pressure is known as sapphire. Have all the colors except Red.. The
risk to the fetus and raise him the deep blue transparent. And ranked fourth in
importance.

Star sapphire

A species Ambassador may be transparent or semi-transparent or white lines.

.
Carnelian

Carnelian dark metal and non-pure and amorphous, color, often red, sometimes
yellow or green or blue or gray.. A type of quartz known as jade.

Onyx

Semi-transparent metal is chemically composed of silica hidden shape containing

impurities of iron compounds... Those fitting the bug appear Garnet different
colors red, yellow, and structure..

Amethyst

Popularly known as: Sapphire east. The color is always purple or light or dark
purple or between a metal transparent.. Violet in color because of the effects of
manganese in the composition of two types of it. And the original type of
amethyst quartz composed of silicon dioxide.
Turquoise

Turquoise is known since ancient times, the color blue or greenish-gray greenish
and sometimes turns into a green light. It is very rare and its presence in the case
of amorphous and composed of aluminium phosphate, which contains the copper
water.

Topaz

Known as yellow sapphire... a metal transparent golden yellow color mainly but
there are types blue or brown or yellow... Crystals formed within cavities of
stones, granite, schist, where there is always cruel.
Lapis lazuli

Known as an old Alaohq... A stone half cream and non-transparent. A dark blue
deep. This stone is extracted from Iran. Chemical composition of the double
silicate, sodium aluminum mixed with iron and sulfur.

OPAL

Is one of the types of gemstone translucent colors. From blue

and white, black, red and green Portuguese and yellow. His meanings. A type of
amorphous silica that contain water in their composition.

cat's eye
Known as Black Opal (cat's eye), where by a single line of white ..

Beryl

Known as the Emerald Egyptian. Are extracted from old mines. From different
types and colors of the most important of bluish green and blue light, a
transparent stone and installed a double silicate of beryllium and aluminum,
hexagonal crystals.

Aquamarine

Gemstone like the Emerald, which is of many colors the most famous Egyptian
green, yellow and Cyprus It is a ray of Luster and not tainted by blackness, and
yellowness.
Jade

Is one of the kinds of gemstone like aquamarines, but it is more transparency and
clarity of it, and the finest.

Tourmaline

Tourmaline is characterized by unique colors .. It combines all the colors of the

rainbow. So he called the name of the rainbow.

Rubellite Tourmaline

Is one of the kinds of gemstone beautiful wonderful form of a colored tourmaline.

glowing colors and beauty and magnificence, ranging from red to pink.
Green Tourmaline

There is a wide range of tourmaline.some of its light and the other dark. Where
the color green shine among the other stones in the dark.. it is yellowish-green
colors and green olive. bluish-green and dark green.The stones are very rare.

Yellow Tourmaline

These different stones for the rest of the tourmaline group is very noticeable ..
And Asfrarh caused by the effects of high magnesium. In order to show the color
yellow wonderful to be treated in a very high temperature.

Blue Tourmaline

The Blue Altermalin of the treasures of precious stones and rare.. In net for the
blue color makes him a legend. It is like emeralds and Sapphire.
Kunzite

Kunzite types of gemstones a solid, which is susceptible, so must be protected

from heat and constant exposure to strong light as it works

to remove the purple color gradually.

Morganite

Morganite is gemstone that belongs to the group of multi-colored pearl is the

best.

Bloodstone

Blood stone, stone colored non-transparent, is called by that name for the popular
belief that the benefit to the imprisonment of blood.
Rose quartz

Rose quartz crystals are more regular and larger than the quartz.

Pearl

Jewel of the most precious gems and is a pearl large masterly form of precious
gemstone in terms of value and different pearls for the rest of the gems the other
is the most gem minerals extracted from mines under the surface of the earth, but
pearls made within the shells Maharmen Sand congeal inside the oyster and the
gem mineral solid and usually reflect light, while Pearl Lin and absorbs some kind
of light that is reflected also..

Red Agate
Transfer from Aristotle to the finest agate is intensified its red color and the
weakness of the color yellow and unanimously most Arab sources, the ancient
preference to other species and has been the people until this day on his Balemni
though its origin other and release the sources of modern species of red and
orange name CARNELIAN The red gold and red structure are called SARD.

Yellow agate is one of the types of agate

White Agate

Blue Agate

The product, which is known as BLUE CALSIDONY which is usually injected with
faint.
Green Agate

Overlooked the most ancient sources said may be due to the rarity of known
species are classified pale green in the science of gemstones of modern varieties
Alcalsidoni bright green color is due to the effects of nickel.

GOLD: Gold was first discovered as shining, yellow nuggets. "Gold is where you
find it," so the saying goes, and gold was first discovered in its natural state, in
streams all over the world. No doubt it was the first metal known to early
hominids. Gold became a part of every human culture. Its brilliance, natural
beauty, and luster, and its great malleability and resistance to tarnish made it
enjoyable to work and play with. Because gold is dispersed widely throughout the
geologic world, its discovery occurred to many different groups in many different
locales. Gold was the first metal widely known to our species. When thinking
about the historical progress of technology, we consider the development of iron
and copper-working as the greatest contributions to our species' economic and
cultural progress - but gold came first. Gold is the easiest of the metals to work. It
occurs in a virtually pure and workable state, whereas most other metals tend to be
found in ore-bodies that pose some difficulty in smelting. Gold's early uses were
no doubt ornamental, and its brilliance and permanence (it neither corrodes nor
tarnishes) linked it to deities and royalty in early civilizations.

Silver
Silver is known by the mankind since Pre-History, and its discovery is estimated
happened to shortly after that of copper and gold. The oldest reference to the
element appears in the book of Genesis. The Egyptians considered gold to be a
perfect metal, and gave it the symbol of a circle. Since silver was the closest to
gold in perfection, it was given the symbol of a semi-circle.. The Romans called
silver argentum, keeping this as the international name of the element, from
where its chemical symbol derives. Its malleability and ductility make it ideal for
ornamental purposes. It was also used for paying debts, in personal and religious
places decoration and in utensils of the wealthiest houses.
BEST DIAMONDS BRANDS OF INDIA
Best Diamonds of India

A diamond is forever. Indian society has unanimously agreed with this statement
generations ago. The shine of diamond sales are soaring high in the recent days.

Nakshatra Diamonds

The world-renowned Nakshatra diamonds were launched in 2000, with an equally

dazzling Aishwarya Rai as its brand ambassador. In the present scenario Nakshatra
diamonds occupy a leading position in the fashion diamond jewelry segment..

Nakshatra diamonds claim to shine your glamor and love life. They have aptly put
their slogan as "brightest circles of light." Elegant and graceful Nakshatra
diamonds are the epitome of passion, attitude and independence.
Adora Diamonds

Adora Diamonds were launched in India in July 2003 by Mumbai based Concept
Jewelry (India) Ltd. On the present day the still expanding retail network centers
of Adora expands to 117 outlets in 47 cities of India. Adora means glory in Spanish
and claims that its diamond collection is themed on love. Adora diamonds are for
adornment of every moment, occasion, and phase of life through its up and
downs.
The Swaranjali signature collection of living legend Lata Mangeshkar is a unique
feature of Adora diamonds. Each piece of Swaranjali collection is conceptualized
and approved by Lata Mangeshkar and bears her laser printed signature.

Tanishq Diamonds

Tanishq diamonds are India's largest, most desirable and fastest growing Jewelry
brand in India. Tanishq, launched in 1995, is the Jewelry business group of Titan
Industries Ltd. On the present day Tanishq has 84 outlets in 61 cities of India.
Tanishq diamonds embark the aspiration of emerging Indian women who uses
tradition rather than being used by it.
Tanishq diamonds bring together the work of Karigars, who specialize in different
ways of making the Jewelry. Tanishq diamonds comprises fashion and style in
tradition bound category through its innovation.

Kiah Diamonds

World's largest volume manufacturer of diamonds-Sheetal manufacturing

Company (SMC) launched its exquisite Kiah diamond collection in October, 2004.
Kiah diamonds are claims to be for celebrating womanhood. The brand name
'Kiah' means beautiful place. On the latest Kiah diamonds have won the Best
Showroom in the DTC Diamond Season for 2005-2006.
Nirvana Diamonds

Nirvana Diamonds from Fine Jewelry (I) Ltd. was launched in 1987 in India.
Nirvana diamonds are targeting at fashion conscious, modern and independent
thinking women. Internationally acclaimed Nirvana diamonds are manufactured
by using state-of-the-art technology. As a proof of their quality Nirvana was
among one of the brands to offer lifetime warranty to itsconsumers.
D'damas Diamonds

D'damas Diamonds are part of Gitanjali Digico Group and one of the earliest
diamond houses established in India in 1966. On the present day D'damas
Diamonds offer highly modernized diamond cutting and polishing facilities at five
locations in India.d’damas is
SWOT analysis of gems and jewelry industry
Strengths:
One million craftsman associated with it. their skills can be harnessed for
designing and making modern jewelry.
-Abundance ofcheap and skilled labor in India.
- Excellent marketing network spread across the world.
- Supportive government industrial/ exim policy.
Weaknesses:

High domestic interest rates compared to elsewhere

- Small firms lacking technological/ export information expertise.
- Low productivity compared to labor in china, Thailand and srilanka. As the major
raw material requirements need to be imported, companies normally stock huge
quantities of inventory resulting high inventory carrying costs.

Opportunities:

-new market in Europe and Latin America

- Growing demand in south Asian & far east countries.
- Removal gold control act.

Threats:

- China, Sri Lanka and Thailand's entry in small diamond segment

- Infrastructural bottlenecks, frequent changes in exim policies, irregular supply of
gold. -
Over dependence on single-channel supply chain. Decisions of De Beers and
Argyle's terms for renewing their supply contract

CONCLUSION
The Indian gems and jewelry industry is highly fragmented with a large number of private
sector companies.

India is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewelry.

India is the polishing capital of the world.

India's Position in Gems and Jewelry Sector

Gems and Jewelry is one of India’s leading foreign exchange earning sectors. Gem & Jewelry
sector accounted for 16.7 per cent of India’s total Merchandise Exports.

Volume of exports pegged at US$ 43.1 billion as of March 2011.

At present, India exports 95 per cent of the world's diamonds

India is the most technologically advanced diamond-cutting centre in the world.

There is an impact on the demand for gold given the record high prices of gold in last couple
of years, but consumers have remained bullish on the precious metals and there is an
increased investment related for gold.

US is the largest diamond market in the world.

In India there are so many companies in this sector who exports or imports the gold, diamond
and precious metals like gitanjli group, Rajesh exports, and asmi group. And different popular
brands for diamond like nakshatra, tanishq, kiah etc.

After studying the balance sheet and financial ratios of the two different companies, it is
concluded that the Rajesh exports ltd. has a higher capital then the Asian star. The total
assets, cash, and bank balance of Rajesh exports ltd. Is more than the Asian star jewels ltd.

Suggestions & Recommendations

• Indian gems and jewellery industry is considered to

be the global hub, it is well established and recognize
worldwide for its craftsmanship and variety. The
industry is highly labour intensive and export oriented;
it involves not just workmanship but a lot of patience
 and dedication to the art of jewellery making.
• India as a country has an advantage when it comes
to absolute number of workforce, but the industry is
facing a crucial shortage of "skilled" and "qualified"
manpower.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:

www.money.livemint.com

www.money.rediff.com
www.rajeshindia.com

www.astarjewels.com

www.itsmyascent.com

www.ibef.org

www.blog.aspira.com