MICROCONTROLLERS Semester 4

Course Code BCS402 CIE Marks 50

Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 hours Theory + 8-10 Lab Slots Total Marks 100
Credits 04 Exam Hours 3
Examination nature (SEE) Theory
Course Objectives:
CLO 1: Understand the fundamentals of ARM-based systems and basic architecture of CISC and RISC.
CLO 2: Familiarize with ARM programming modules along with registers, CPSR and Flags.
CLO 3: Develop ALP using various instructions to program the ARM controller.
CLO 4: Understand the Exceptions and Interrupt handling mechanism in Microcontrollers.
CLO 5: Discuss the ARM Firmware packages and Cache memory polices.
Teaching-Learning Process
These are sample Strategies, which teachers can use to accelerate the attainment of the various course
outcomes.
1. Lecturer method (L) needs not to be only a traditional lecture method, but alternative effective
teaching methods could be adopted to attain the outcomes.
2. Use of Video/Animation to explain functioning of various concepts.
3. Encourage collaborative (Group Learning) Learning in the class.
4. Ask at least three HOT (Higher order Thinking) questions in the class, which promotes critical
thinking.
5. Adopt Problem Based Learning (PBL), which fosters students’ Analytical skills, develop design
thinking skills such as the ability to design, evaluate, generalize, and analyze information rather
than simply recall it.
6. Introduce Topics in manifold representations.
7. Show the different ways to solve the same problem with different circuits/logic and encourage the
students to come up with their own creative ways to solve them.
8. Discuss how every concept can be applied to the real world - and when that's possible, it helps
improve the students understanding.
9. Use any of these methods: Chalk and board, Active Learning, Case Studies.
MODULE-1 No. of Hours: 8
ARM Embedded Systems: The RISC design philosophy, The ARM Design Philosophy, Embedded
System Hardware, Embedded System Software.
ARM Processor Fundamentals: Registers, Current Program Status Register, Pipeline, Exceptions,
Interrupts, and the Vector Table, Core Extensions
Textbook 1: Chapter 1 - 1.1 to 1.4, Chapter 2 - 2.1 to 2.5
RBT: L1, L2, L3
MODULE-2 No. of Hours: 8
Introduction to the ARM Instruction Set: Data Processing Instructions, Branch Instructions, Software
Interrupt Instructions, Program Status Register Instructions, Coprocessor Instructions, Loading
Constants.
Textbook 1: Chapter 3 - 3.1 to 3.6
RBT: L1, L2, L3
MODULE-3 No. of Hours:8
C Compilers and Optimization: Basic C Data Types, C Looping Structures, Register Allocation, Function
Calls, Pointer Aliasing, Portability Issues.
Textbook 1: Chapter 5.1 to 5.7 and 5.13
RBT: L1, L2, L3

@# 16032024 1
 MODULE-4 No. of Hours:8
Exception and Interrupt Handling: Exception handling, ARM processor exceptions and modes, vector
table, exception priorities, link register offsets, interrupts, assigning interrupts, interrupt latency, IRQ and FIQ
exceptions, basic interrupt stack design and implementation.
Firmware: Firmware and bootloader, ARM firmware suite, Red Hat redboot, Example: sandstone, sandstone
directory layout, sandstone code structure.
Textbook 1: Chapter 9.1 and 9.2, Chapter 10
RBT: L1, L2, L3
MODULE-5 No. of Hours:08
CACHES: The Memory Hierarchy and Cache Memory, Caches and Memory Management Units: CACHE
Architecture: Basic Architecture of a Cache Memory, Basic Operation of a Cache Controller, The
Relationship between Cache and Main Memory, Set Associativity, Write Buffers, Measuring Cache
Efficiency, CACHE POLICY: Write Policy—Writeback or Writethrough, Cache Line Replacement Policies,
Allocation Policy on a Cache Miss. Coprocessor 15 and caches.
Textbook 1: Chapter 12.1 to 12.4
RBT: L1, L2, L3

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC (May cover all / major modules)

Sl.No. Experiments
Module – 1
1.Using Keil software, observe the various Registers, Dump, CPSR, with a simple Assembly
Language Programs (ALP).
Module – 2
2. Develop and simulate ARM ALP for Data Transfer, Arithmetic and Logical operations
(Demonstrate with the help of a suitable program).
3. Develop an ALP to multiply two 16-bit binary numbers.
4. Develop an ALP to find the sum of first 10 integer numbers.
5. Develop an ALP to find the largest/smallest number in an array of 32 numbers.
6. Develop an ALP to count the number of ones and zeros in two consecutive memory locations.
Module – 3
7. Simulate a program in C for ARM microcontroller using KEIL to sort the numbers in
ascending/descending order using bubble sort.
8. Simulate a program in C for ARM microcontroller to find factorial of a number.
9. Simulate a program in C for ARM microcontroller to demonstrate case conversion of characters
from upper to lowercase and lower to uppercase.
Module – 4 and 5
10. Demonstrate enabling and disabling of Interrupts in ARM.
11. Demonstrate the handling of divide by zero, Invalid Operation and Overflow exceptions in ARM.
Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
● Explain the ARM Architectural features and Instructions.
● Develop programs using ARM instruction set for an ARM Microcontroller.
● Explain C-Compiler Optimizations and portability issues in ARM Microcontroller.
● Apply the concepts of Exceptions and Interrupt handling mechanisms in developing applications.
● Demonstrate the role of Cache management and Firmware in Microcontrollers.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%. The
minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50) and for the SEE minimum
passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 out of 50 marks). A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the

@# 16032024 2
 academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the student secures a minimum of
40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End
Examination) taken together.
CIE for the theory component of the IPCC (maximum marks 50)
● IPCC means practical portion integrated with the theory of the course.
● CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks and that for the practical component is 25 marks.
● 25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests (Two Tests,
each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for other assessment methods
mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50% coverage of the syllabus and the second test after
covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
● Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the theory
component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks).
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC
1. 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks for the
test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
2. On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated including viva-
voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
3. The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous evaluation of
the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all experiments’ write-
ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
4. The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be conducted for 50
marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
5. Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory component of
IPCC for 25 marks.
6. The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the
course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum of 3
sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scored by the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks.
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have a CIE
component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from the practical
component.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Text Books:
1. Andrew N Sloss, Dominic Symes and Chris Wright, ARM system developers guide, Elsevier, Morgan
Kaufman publishers, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Raghunandan.G.H, Microcontroller (ARM) and Embedded System, Cengage learning Publication,
2019.
2. Insider’s Guide to the ARM7 based microcontrollers, Hitex Ltd.,1st edition, 2005
Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based Learning
Assign the group task to demonstrate the Installation and working of Keil Software.

@# 16032024 3