MASONRY

Presentation by Group 04

ARCHI -3E TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY

 MASONRY

The craft and art of creating anything out of clay, stone,

brick, or concrete blocks. Masonry is another term for the
construction of reinforced or unreinforced concrete pours.
Building with units of various natural or manufactured
products, such as stone, brick, or concrete block, usually with the
use of mortar as a bonding agent.

MASONRY
TYPE OF MASONRY
PROS AND CONS

MASONRY
BRICK MASONRY
PROS - The regular shape and size of the masonry units in brick
masonry eliminates the need for highly specialized workers. In
comparison to stones and concrete blocks, bricks are also less
expensive, easier to handle, and have fewer dead loads. Brick walls are
thinner, and depending on the needs of the structure, several types of
mortar can be used to bind the units together. Bricks make easy
openings for doors and windows, and because the joints are smaller,
the cost is also lowered.
CONS - Bricks are particularly vulnerable to earthquake damage
because of their poor resistance to stress and torsion loads. Bricks are
also less robust and long-lasting than stone or concrete blocks, and
their range of sizes and colors is more constrained. The finishing need
of plasterwork drives up the cost of construction.
STONE MASONRY
PROS - Given the inherent durability of the material, stone masonry is
the strongest, most resilient to weather, and longest-lasting. Given that
stone does not bend or dent, it is advised for structures that receive a
lot of foot traffic. Stone has many different colors, sizes, and textures,
making it aesthetically pleasing and offering countless design options.
Lastly, because stone masonry is so durable, it doesn't need a lot of
upkeep or repairs.
CONS - The thick and massive stone walls take up less floor area. Along
with having low flexural, tensile, and seismic resistance, it also has a
high self-weight. Because stone cannot be readily changed, mended, or
relocated, stone masonry takes time and requires expert labor. A
meticulous placement of stone masonry will increase the final
structure's safety for its occupants.
CONCRETE BLOCK
PROS
- Concrete blocks are resistant to fire, mold, weather, and vermin. Although it might
be costly to transport concrete blocks, these materials are typically available locally.
There are several sizes, colors, and finishes for concrete blocks. Additionally, these
units may be produced to fulfill any project specifications, and certain concrete
blocks can be constructed from recycled resources. Furthermore, concrete blocks are
a strong insulator against moisture, sound, and heat.
CONS
­- Big concrete blocks need extra labor since they are heavy and challenging to
handle. The amount of steel needed for reinforced cement concrete constructions is
also increased by concrete blocks. The pricing and availability of cement, as well as
the locality, may all affect the price of concrete blocks. Plumbing problems in
concrete masonry structures are more difficult to resolve since they might result in
interior floods. In this instance, it is necessary to cut up the concrete blocks, which
results in material waste and costly repairs. When working with concrete block
masonry, having a functioning drainage system is critically vital.
1. FIELD 6. COURSE
-The expanse of a masonry wall between -A continuous, usually horizontal
openings and corners, usually composed range of bricks, tiles, or shingles, as
primarily of stretchers. in a wall or roof.
2. HEAD JOINT RANGE
-The vertical joint between two masonry -A continuous course of masonry
units, perpendicular to the face of a wall. units having the same height from
SHOVED JOINT end to end.
-A head joint formed by applying mortar to 7. CLOSER
the end of a masonry unit and forcing it in -The last masonry unit laid in a
position against the last masonry unit laid. course.
3. COLLAR JOINT 8. CORBEL
-The vertical joint between two wythes of -A brick or stone projecting from
masonry. within a wall, usually to support a
4. BED JOINT weight.
-The horizontal joint between two masonry 9. CORBELING
courses. -An overlapping arrangement of
BED bricks or stones in which each
-The underside of a brick or other masonry course steps upward and outward
unit, or the layer of mortar in which a from the vertical face of a wall.
masonry unit is laid. WHYTHE
CLIP JOINT -A continuous vertical section of a
-A bed joint made thicker than usual in masonry wall one unit in thickness.
order to level the course above. Also, withe.
MORTAR

MASONRY
 MORTAR

A plastic mixture of lime or cement, or a combination of both, with

sand and water, used as a bonding agent in masonry construction.
TYPE OF MORTAR
ACCORDING TO MATERIAL
CONSTITUENCY
CEMENT MORTAR

A mortar made by mixing

portland cement, sand, and
water.
CEMENT MORTAR
LIME MORTAR

A mixture of lime, sand, and

A mortar made by mixing
water that is rarely used
portland cement, sand, and
because of its slow rate of
water.
hardening and low compressive
strength.

MASONRY
 CEMENT MORTAR
CEMENT-LIME MORTAR

A cement
A mortar made
mortarbytomixing
which lime
portland
is added cement, sand,
to increase itsand
plasticity
water.
and water-retentivity.
CEMENT MORTAR
MASONRY CEMENT
A proprietary mix of portland
cement
A mortarand other
made byingredients,
mixing
such as hydrated
portland lime, and
cement, sand,
plasticizers,
water. air entraining
agents, and gypsum, requiring
only the addition of sand and
water to make cement mortar.
 RUBBLE

Rough fragments of broken stone or the masonry built of such

stones.
CEMENT
RANDOMMORTAR
RUBBLE

AArubble wall
mortar having
made by mixing
discontinuous but
portland cement, sand, and
approximately
water. level beds or
courses.

MASONRY
CEMENT
COURSEDMORTAR
RUBBLE

AArubble wall
mortar having
made by mixing
approximately level beds
portland cement, sand, andand
brought
water. at intervals to
continuous level courses.

MASONRY
CEMENT MORTAR
SQUARED RUBBLE

AArubble wall
mortar built
made byofmixing
squared
stones of varying sizes and
portland cement, sand, and
coursed
water. at every third or fourth
stone

MASONRY
CEMENT MORTAR
CYCLOPEAN

Formed with
A mortar large,
made byirregular
mixing
blocks of stones fitted closely
portland cement, sand, and
together
water. without the use of
mortar

MASONRY
CEMENT MORTAR
ASHLAR

AAsquared
mortar building
made bystone finely
mixing
dressed on all faces adjacent
portland cement, sand, and to
those of
water. other stones so as to
permit very thin mortar joints.

MASONRY
CEMENT
RANDOMMORTAR
ASHLAR

A mortar made by mixing

Ashlar masonry built in
portland cement, sand, and
discontinuous courses.
water.

MASONRY
CEMENT MORTAR
COURSED ASHLAR

Ashlar masonry
A mortar madebuilt of stones
by mixing
having the same height within
portland cement, sand, and
each course,
water. but each course
varying in height.

MASONRY
 CEMENT
BROKEN MORTAR
RANGEWORK

Ashlar masonry laid in

A mortar made by mixing
horizontal courses of varying
portland cement, sand, and
heights, any one of which may
water.
be broken at intervals into two
or more courses.

MASONRY
 CONCRETE
MASONRY UNIT

MASONRY
 CONCRETE BLOCK
FACE SHELL
One of the two sidewalls of a hollow
STRETCHER BLOCK concrete masonry unit.
A concrete masonry unit having
WEB
nominal dimensions of 8 x 8 x 16 in.
One of the cross walls connecting the
(203x203x 406 mm).
face shells of a hollow masonry unit.
.
CORE
The molded open space in a concrete
masonry unit. Also called cell
 CONCRETE BLOCK
CORNER BLOCK

RETURN-CORNER
BLOCK
PARTITION BLOCK BULLNOSE BLOCK DOUBLE-CORNER
BLOCK

SILL BLOCK

WASH
PILASTER BLOCK COPING BLOCK SASH BLOCK
 CONCRETE BLOCK

CAP BLOCK CONTROL-JOINT BOND-BEAM BLOCK OPEN-END BLOCK

BLOCK

LINTEL BLOCK HEADER BLOCK SOUND-ABSORBING SLUMP BLOCK

MASONRY UNIT
 CONCRETE BLOCK

SPLIT-FACE BLOCK FACED BLOCK SCORED BLOCK SHADOW BLOCK

SCREEN BLOCK CONCRETE BRICK

SOLID MASONRY UNIT
A masonry unit having a net cross-sectional area in any plans parallel to the bearing surface that is 75% or more of the gross cross-
sectional anea measured in the same plane.

HOLLOW MASONRY UNIT

A masonry unit having a net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the bearing surface less than 75% of the gross cross- sectional
area measured in the same plane.

GROSS CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA

The total cross-sectional area of a hollow masonry unit perpendicular to the direction of loading, including cellular and reentrant spaces,
except when these spaces are to be occupied by portions of adjacent masonry.

NET CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA

The gross cross-sectional area of a hollow masonry unit minus the area of ungrouted cores of cellular spaces

EQUIVALENT THICKNESS
The thickness that would be obtained if the amount of concrete contained in a hollow masonry unit were recast without any cellular spaces,
used esp. to determine the fire resistance of a wall constructed with such units.

ABSORPTION
The weight of water absorbed by a concrete masonry unit when immersed in water, expressed in pounds of water per cubic fort of concrete.
 GRADE N
A grade of load-bearing concrete masonry unit suitable for general use, as in exterior walls above and below grade.

GRADE S
A grade of load-bearing concrete masonry unit limited to use above grade, in exterior walls with weather protective coatings, or in walls
not exposed to the weather.

TYPE 1
A concrete masonry unit manufactured to a specified limit of moisture content in order to minimize the drying shrinkage that can cause
cracking.

TYPE II
A concrete masonry unit not manufactured to a specified limit moisture content.

NORMAL-WEIGHT BLOCK
A concrete masonry unit made with sand, gravel, or other dense aggregate and weighing more than 125 pcf (2000 kg/m³)

LIGHTWEIGHT BLOCK
A concrete masonry unit made with lightweight aggregate, such as cinder or expanded slag, and weighing less than 125 pcf (2000 kg/m³).

SURFACE BONDING
The bonding of a concrete masonry wall by stacking the units without mortar and troweling on a stucco-like compound of hydraulic cement
and glass fiber.
 THANK YOU !
Presentation by Group 04

ARCHI -3E TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY