PROBABILITY

1. The number of green (G), red (R), white (W) and black (B) identical balls
contained in a bag is as shown in the table.

Balls G R W B
Frequency 2 4 3 1

If two balls are selected at random without replacement, find the probability that
both balls are green.
2. A box contains identical balls of which 12 are red, 16 white and 8 blue. Three
balls are drawn from the box one after the other without replacement. Find the
probability that
i. three are red;
ii. the first blue and the other two are red;
iii. two are white and one is blue.
3. During a school’s visiting day, a mother visited her son. She carried a bag
containing 12 oranges, 16 apples and 8 mangoes all of the same size. She draws 3
fruits for her son’s friend without replacement. Find the probability that:
i. the three are oranges;
ii. one is apple, the other two mangoes;
iii. one is orange, one apple and a mango in that order.

4. Three balls are drawn without replacement from a bag containing 8 blue, 12 red
and 10 yellow balls. Find the probability that
i. The three balls are of the same colour;
ii. Two of the balls are red and one is blue;
iii. The three balls are of different colours.

5. The table below shows the outcome when a die is thrown a number of times. If the
probability of obtaining a 3 is 0.225:

Scores 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequenc 25 30 x 28 40 32
y

a. how many times was the die thrown?

b. calculate the probability that a trial chosen at random gives a score of an
even number or a prime number.
6. Three red balls, five green balls and a number of blue balls are put together in a
sack. A ball is picked at random from the sack. If the probability of picking a red
1
ball is 6 , find the:
a. number of blue balls in the sack;
b. probability of picking a green ball.

7. The probability that two hunters P and Q hit their targets are 2/3 and ¾
respectively. The two hunters aim at a target together;
a. what is the probability that they both miss the target?
b. if the target is hit, what is the probability that:
I. Only hunter P hits it?
II. Only one of them hits it?
III. Both hunters hit the target?

8. The probabilities that three boys pass an examination are 2/3, 5/8 and ¾
respectively. Find the probability that:
a. all the three boys pass;
b. one pass and two fail;
c. none of the boys pass.

9. A bag contains 7 red balls and a certain number of blue balls. Two balls are
picked at random from the bag without replacement. If the probability that the
balls picked are of the same colours is 31/66, find:
i. the number of the blues balls in the bag;
ii. find the probability of picking three balls containing two red and one blue
balls with replacement.

10. Find the probability that a number chosen at random from the integers between
10 and 20 inclusive is either a prime or a multiple of 3.

11. A number is selected at random from each of the sets {1, 2, 6} and {3, 4, 5}. Find
the probability that the sum of the numbers selected is greater than 7.

12. Two fair dice are tossed. Find the probability:

a. of getting a total of 7 or 8;
b. of not getting a total of 9;
c. that the two dice show the same number.
13. A fair die is thrown two times.
a. Construct a table of the outcomes.
b. Calculate the probability that the:
i. sum of the outcomes is 8;
ii. product of the outcomes is less than 10;
iii. outcomes contain at least a 3

14. Two fair dice are thrown. M is the event described by “the sum of the scores is
10” and N is the event described by “the difference between the scores is 3”.
i. Write out the elements of M and N.
ii. Find the probability of M or N;
iii. Are M and N mutually exclusive? Give reasons.

15. Three balls are drawn with replacement from a bag containing 8 blue, 12 red and
10 yellow balls. Find the probability that
i. The three balls are of the same colour;
ii. Two of the balls are red and one is blue;
iv. The three balls are of different colours.

16. A box contains 40 identical discs which are either red or white. If the probability of
picking a red disc is , find:
i. the number of red discs
ii. the number of white discs
iii. the probability of picking a white disc.

17. M ={n :2 n−3< 37}, where n is a counting number.

i. Write down all the element in M
ii. If a number is selected at random from M, what is the probability it is a

(α) multiple of 3
(β) factors of 10

18. The probabilities, that three candidates A, B and C will pass an examination are
2
½, /3 and ¼ respectively. If the three sat for the examination, what is the probability
that:
i. All will pass?
ii. None will pass?
iii. At least two will pass?
 SETS AND SET THEORY

19. The set A = {1,3,5,7,9,11}, B = {2,3,5,7,11,15} and C = {3,6,9,12,15} are subsets of

the universal set U = {1,2,3, …, 15).
a. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the given information;
b. Use your diagram in a, above to find:
i. C ∩ A1
ii. A1∩ (B ∪ C)

20. The sets A = {x: x is prime}, B = {y: y2 – 4 = 0} and C = {w: w is even} are the
subsets of the universal set U = {z: 6< z< 6}.
i. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the information;
ii. what is the probability of n(A ∩ B)?

21. Given that Y = {-2 ≤ x ≤ 5} and W = {1< x < 6}, illustrate Y ∩ W on the number line.

22. The subsets A, B and C of a universal set are defined as follows:

A = {m, a, p, e}, B = {a, e, i, o, u} and C = {l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u}
List the elements of the following sets:
i. A ∪ C;
ii. A ∪ (B ∩ C);
iii. A ∪ C.

23. Set A = {x: 3 < x < 13} and B = { x: 9 < x < 25} are subsets of M = {multiples of 4
between 0 and 30}. If a number is selected at random from M, find the probability that it is
in:
a. A;
b. B;
c. A ∪ B.

24. Out of 400 students in a final year in a secondary school, 300 are offering Biology and
190 are offering Chemistry.
i. How many students are offering both Chemistry and Biology, if only 70 students
are offering neither Chemistry nor Biology?
ii. How many students are offering at least one of Biology or Chemistry?

25. In a class of 200 students, 70 offered Physics, 90 Chemistry, 100 Mathematics while 24
did not offer any of the three subjects. 23 offered Physics and Chemistry, 41 Chemistry
and Mathematics while 8 offered all three subjects.
i. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the information;
ii. Find the probability that a student selected at random from the class offered:
i. Physics only;
ii. Exactly two of the subjects.
iii.
26. A selection interview was conducted for 110 students into various subjects in a Science
department. 25 were selected for Physics, 45 for Biology and 48 for Mathematics. 10 were
selected for Physics and Mathematics, 8 for Biology and Mathematics and 6 for Physics and
Biology while 5 were selected for all the three subjects.
iv. a. Illustrate the information on a Venn diagram.
v. b. How many students were selected for Biology but neither Physics nor
Mathematics?
vi. c. How many students were not selected for any of the three subjects?

STATISTICS
1. The table below shows the height of teak tress harvested by a farmer

Height (m) 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of 4 6 4 5 6 2
tress

(a) Find the median height

(b) Calculate ,correct to one decimal place
i. Mean
ii. Mean deviation
iii. Standard deviation

2. The table below shows the marks distribution of test scores in a class.
Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 1 2 5 3 m 7 6 2 3 4

17
If the mean score of the class is 5
21 , find the:

i. value of m;
ii. modal score;
iii. median score of the distribution.
3. In a college, the number of absentees recorded over a period of 30 days is
shown in table below
 Number of 0–4 5–9 10 – 15 – 20 – 24
absentees 14 19

Number of days 1 5 10 9 5

Calculate the:

a. mean
b. standard deviation, correct to two decimal places

4. If the mean of 2, 5,(x +1),(x +5) ,7 and 9 is 6. Find the median.

5. The mean of a set of 10 numbers is 56. If the mean of the first nine numbers
is 55, find the 10th number.

VARIATION

1. x, y and z are related such that x varies directly as the cube of y and inversely as
the square of z. If x=108 when y=3 and z=4, find;
i. find the relationship between x and y
ii. find z when x=4000 and y=10
2.

MENSURATION
1. A cylinder with radius 3.5cm has its two ends closed. If the total surface

area is 209 c m2, calculate the height of the cylinder. [ Take π =

22
7 ]
2. A chord subtends an angle of 72 at
°
the centre of a circle of radius 24.5cm.
22
Calculate the perimeter of the minor segment. [ π= 7 ].

3. A cylinder, opened at one end, has a radius of 3.5cm and height 8cm.
Calculate the total Surface Area and the Volume of the cylinder.

4. A sector of a cone which subtends an angle 216° , with a radius of 5cm, is

used to form a cone. Calculate the volume of the cone formed.

5. If the circumference and the area of a circle are numerically equal,

calculate the perimeter of a sector 270 which
°
subtends at the centre of the
circle.

6. An arc of a circle radius 7cm is 14cm long. What angle does the arc
subtend at the centre of the circle, correct to the nearest whole number? [
22
π= ¿
7

7. If the area of the ∆ PQR below is 12 √3 cm2 , find the value ofq .

COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND BINARY OPERATION

1 a. If the gradient of the line joining (-1,p) and (p,4) is ⅔, find the value of p.

b. Find the equation of a straight line which passed through the point (2 , 3) and is
parallel to the line 2 x+ y=6

c. If the midpoint of the line joining (1- k, -4) and (2, k + 1) is ( -k, k), find the
value of k.

2. a. Find the equation of the straight line that passes through (2,3) and perpendicular to
the line 3x -2y + 4 = 0

b. Find the distance between the points P(7,9) and Q(15,11)

ab
3. a. A binary operation ¿is defined on set R, of real numbers by a∗b= 4 . Find the value

of√ 2∗√6 .

b. A binary operation * is defined on the set of real numbers, R, by

x∗y = x 2− y 2 + xy , where x,y £ R. Evaluate (√3) * (√2) .

c. A binary operation * is defined on the set of real numbers by x * y = x + y - 1 on

any two real numbers. Find the:
(i) value of 2* (3 * 4);
(ii) identity element;

THEORY OF LOGARITHM AND INDICES

()
3
1 a Solve the equation: log 10 ( 6 a+3 )+ ¿ log 10 7 =¿ log 10 (2 a−1)¿ ¿

b. If log (2 x +1)−log ( 3 x−2 )=1 , find value of x .

c. Given that log 2(11−q )=log 2 ( q+1 )+3 , find q.
2a If log ( x2 + 4)=2+ log x−log 20, find x
b. log ( x2 + 4)=2+ log x−log 20

3. Evaluate the following without using tables or calculator.

(i)
√ 8.1 ×10−5
1.44 × 10
4

0.016 ×0.084
(ii) 0.48

b. Solve log 2 ¿10) = 1+ log 2 ¿3)

c. Simplify ½log 25/4 - 2log 4/5 + log 320/125.
d. Solve 8x - 2 = 43x
ALGEBRAIC PROCESS

5 x−1 1−2 x
1a. Solve − ≤ 8+ x
3 5

b. A man is older than his son by 36 years. 6 years ago, the ratio their age was 4:1.
Find their present age.
c. The sides of the square are given in the figure below.

Find the:
i. Values of x and y
ii. area of square.
2a. If 1 is added to both numerator and dominator of a fraction, the fraction becomes ½.
2
If 8 are added to both fractions, the fraction becomes 3 . What is the fraction?
x
27
b. x+ 2 y
=9 , x +4 y=0 find x
81
x−2 x +1 −x
2 ×4 ×8
c. Simplify: 5 x−3
16
d. If (m+1) and (m−3) are factors of m2−km+ c, find the values of k and c

e. Find the lengths of the sides of a rectangle whose perimeters is 40cm and whose areas
is 1375 cm2.
f. Using the completing the square formula, solve the equation;
2
5 x + 9 x −2=0

g. If x−2 is a factor of 2 x 2−x+ k . Find the value of k.

2
(2 x +3)
3a If B= 2
2 x +13 x+ 15

i. for what value of x is B undefined?

ii. for what value of x is B is equal to zero?
2u 1+u p+q
b. If p= 1−u and q= 1−u , express p−q in terms of u.

c. If 23 x + 101x =130 x , find the value of x.

ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

1a. A man earns a salary of N 2500 per annum. If a rise of N500 is given at the end of
the year, find;
i. the total amount the man will earn in 18 years.
ii. the amount the man will earn in the 20th year
b. The first term of an Arithmetic Progression (A.P) is −8. The ratio of the 7th term to
the 9th term is 5 :8. Calculate the common difference of the progression.

c. The 8th term of an Arithmetic Progression (A.P) is 5 times the 3 rd term while the 7th
term is 9 greater than the 4th term. Write the first five terms of the A.P
d. The following gives a geometric sequence; 2, p, q, 250. Find the values of p and q.
2a. The 5th term of an AP is three times the first term. Find the sum of first eight terms of
the progression given that the quarter of the fifth term is 9.
b. A sum of money is shared among nine people so that the first gets #75,the next #150,
the next #225 and so on.
i. How much money does the ninth person get?
ii. How much money is shared together?
c. Find the sum to infinity of the series : 2 + 3/2 + 9/8 + 27/32 + ....