22 Mscevs

PERIYAR UNIVERSITY
Salem - 636 011

(Reaccredited with ‘A++’ Grade by the NAAC)
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
M.Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

[Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)]
OBE SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2022-2023 and thereafter)
M. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
OBE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS

(with effect from the academic year 2022-2023 onwards)
1. Preamble
Growing populations and high standards of living put increasing pressure on our
environment. Since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization, we have been
facing with an increasing number of environmental challenges such as air, water and soil
contamination, energy crisis, land degradation, deforestation, loss of biodiversity and
climate change etc., Considering the above issues, addressing environmental problems
from a scientific perspective is the utmost important for today’s world. Hence, there is a
need to develop the next generation as skilled professionals in a multidisciplinary
Environmental Science degree programme to solve the global environmental issues.
2. General Graduate Attributes
1. Environmental Knowledge
Apply the basic knowledge of environmental components and their interactions and
to conceptualize the domains towards environmental protection and to visualize the
environmental management perspectives.
2. Critical Thinking Skills

To critically analyze and evaluate the environment related issues and their
sustainable management.
3. Research Skills
To improve the research-oriented skills by involving the basic, applied and field-
based research works.
4. Problem Solving Skills

To identify, analyze and assess the complex environmental issues and apply the
knowledge to resolve the issues.
5. Environmental Management
To improve, undertake and manage environment related works and develop a

leadership quality and capacity to manage a team for carrying out assigned tasks.
6. Technical Skills
To acquire and equip with technical knowledge on critical environmental problems
and devise technical strategies for the betterment of the environment.
7. Use of Modern Tools

To acquire the knowledge and working experience on modern tools in terms of
instrumentation, softwares and research methods which can be used to assess the
environmental quality.
8. Project Management
To manage and coordinate specific environmental tasks or projects and apply

specific principles and methodologies to carry out research projects.
9. Societal and Environmental Concern
To have appealing concern over the environment and its well- being, n e e d to
apply the acquired knowledge and skills for the societal upliftment.
10. Individual and Team Work
To develop the skills pertaining to work individually as well as a team in a proposed

project work in order to manage the task.
11. Innovation and Entrepreneurship
To apply the acquired skills and knowledge in the field of E nvironmental

S cience to initiate small scale start-ups and upscale the process towards
entrepreneurship.
3. Programme Specific Qualification Attributes
• Knowledge and understanding level (K1 and K2)
Students will be able to understand the basic components of ecology and

environment, chemistry of pollutants and their toxic effects, biodiversity and
natural resources and their process for sustainable development.
• Application level (K3)
Students will be capable of applying microbes, plants and animals for potential
environmental cleanup and green energy production, and to generate value-added
products through waste recycling.
• Analytical level (K4)
Students will be able to analyze the environmental quality parameters and to

address the issues of different environmental compartments.
• Evaluation capability level (K5)
Students can acquire the capability of evaluating the responsible factors for
environmental related issues and be able to apply the acquired knowledge in
providing solutions.
• Scientific or synthesis level (K6)
Students will be able to synthesize or develop new processes, products and to

formulate new scientific tools related to sustainable environmental management.
4. Vision
Create and maintain excellence in Environmental Science and contribute
knowledge and effort in bringing up rich posterity in environmental sustainability.
5. Programme Objectives and Outcomes
Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)

Post graduates of M.Sc. Environmental Science program will be
Utilizing domain knowledge to understand the environment and to provide
PEO1
solutions for the development of society.
Applying research and acquired skills with a rich set of communication
PEO2
and leadership skills to sustain in the environment.
Expressing constant development in their specialized career through life-
PEO3
long learning, appreciating human values and ethics.
Programme Outcomes (PO)
After successful completion of the two years M.Sc. Environmental Science Programme,
the students are expected to have
Deep knowledge in natural resources, ecosystem and their

biogeochemical processes, biodiversity, Geographic Information Systems
PO1
(GIS) and their importance, various elements of climate change and
environmental clearance procedures.
Good understating in toxicological properties of environmental pollutants
PO2 and their impact on environment, occupational diseases, nanomaterials
and their toxicity.
Capability in applying microbes, plants and animals for potential
environmental cleanup and energy production, and to generate value
PO3
added products through waste recycling and other sustainable
environmental management practices.
Acquire more knowledge and proficiency in Environmental Impact
PO4
Assessment, auditing, pollution monitoring and management.
Skills in methods used for EIA studies, remote sensing and GIS to
PO5 monitor the environmental issues and critically analyzing the global
climate change.
Expertise to become as environmental consultant/manager at local,
PO6
regional and national level industry/institution/organizations.
Capability to become an entrepreneur in the field of EIA, GIS, waste
PO7 management and waste recycling, natural product, environmental safety
trainer.
Qualification to be employed as a researcher / scientist / faculty in
PO8 the Colleges / Universities / Government sectors / Industries /
Research and Development organizations.
6. Candidate’s eligibility for admission
Candidates who have passed the B.Sc. Degree in Environmental Science / Life Sciences
/ Botany / Agricultural and allied Sciences/ Zoology / Microbiology / Biotechnology /
Biochemistry / Chemistry / Physics / Bioinformatics / Home Science / Food Science
& Nutrition o f this University or an Examination of any other University accepted by
the Syndicate as equivalent thereto shall be eligible for admission to M.Sc. Degree
Course in Environmental Science.
7. Duration of the programme
The duration of the M.Sc. Environmental Science shall be over a period of Two Years
from the commencement of the course.
8. CBCS- Structure of the Programme
The programme structure comprises of two parts.
No. of
Course Component Courses Hours of Learning Marks Credits
Part A (Credit Courses)
Core Courses 12 864 Hours 1200 48
Elective Courses 4 288 Hours 400 16
Supportive Courses 1 72 Horus 100 4
Practical 3 324 Hours 300 9
Research Project & Industrial
1 360 Hours 150 10
Visit
Internship 1 120 Horus 100 2
Human Rights 1 36 Horus 100 2
MOOC/SWAYAM Courses 1 100 2
Research Seminar 1 18 Hours 50 1
Total 2500 94
Part B (Non-Credit Courses)
Value Added /Add-on Courses 2 60 Hours 200 -
Industry Oriented Courses 2 60 Horus 200 -
9. Curriculum structure for each semester as per courses alignment
Main syllabus (Attached as Annexure I)
10. Credit Calculation
Method of teaching Hours Credits

Lecture 1 1
Tutorial/Demonstration 1 1
Practical/Internship/Self-Learning 2 1
CBCS – Scheme of Examinations (Semester-wise structure)
S. Contact Internal External Total

Paper type Paper Code Title of the Paper Credit
No. Hours/Week Marks Marks Marks
SEMESTER - I
Ecology and Biodiversity
1 Core - I 22UPEVS1C01 4 4 25 75 100
Conservation
2 Core – II 22UPEVS1C02 Environmental Chemistry 4 4 25 75 100
3 Core - III 22UPEVS1C03 Waste Management 4 4 25 75 100
Core - IV 22UPEVS1C04 Environmental Biochemistry

4 4 4 25 75 100
and Toxicology
5 Elective - I 22UPEVS1E01- 12 Elective Paper I 4 4 25 75 100
6 Practical-I 22UPEVS1P01 Practical Paper I 6 3 40 60 100
Field Studies/Library/Seminar 1 + 2 +1 - - - -
Sub Total 30 23 165 435 600
SEMESTER - II
Environmental Pollution and
7 Core - V 22UPEVS1C05 4 4 25 75 100
Control Strategies
8 Core - VI 22UPEVS1C06 Environmental Microbiology 4 4 25 75 100
Climate Change and Current 4 25 75
9 Core - VII 22UPEVS1C07 4 100
Issues
10 Elective-II 22UPEVS1E01-12 Elective Paper II 4 4 25 75 100
11 Supportive 22UPEVS1S01-05 Supportive Paper 4 4 25 75 100

12 Practical-II 22UPEVS1P02 Practical Paper II 6 3 40 60 100
13 HR 22UPEVS1HR1 Human Rights 2 2 25 75 100
MOOC Online Courses (SWAYAM/MOOC) - 2 - 100 100
Library / Seminar 1+1
Sub Total 30 27 190 610 800
SEMESTER – III
14 Core - VIII 22UPEVS1C08 Environmental Biotechnology 4 4 25 75 100

Environmental Impact
15 Core - IX 22UPEVS1C09 4 4 25 75 100
Assessment
16 Core - X 22UPEVS1C10 Environmental Geoinformatics 4 4 25 75 100
Research Methodology and
17 Core - XI 22UPEVS1C11 Instrumentation 4 4 25 75 100
19 Practical-III 22UPEVS1P03 Practical Paper III 6 3 40 60 100
20 Elective III 22UPEVS1E01-12 Elective Paper III 4 4 25 75 100

21 Internship 22UPEVS1CIN Internship (Summer Internship) - 2 25 75 100
Field Studies/Library/Seminar 1+2+1

Sub Total 30 25 190 510 700
SEMESTER – IV
22 Core - XII 22UPEVS1C12 Environmental Law and Policies 4 4 25 75 100
23 Elective IV 22UPEVS1E01-12 4 4 25 75 100

Elective Paper IV
24 Core Project 22UPEVS1CPR Research Project & Industrial Visit 20 10 50 100 150
25 Core 22UPEVS1CRS Research Seminar 1 1 25 25 50
Library 1 - - - -
Sub Total 30 19 125 275 400
Total 120 94 670 1830 2500
Elective Courses
Contact Credits Internal External Total
S.No. Course Code Title of the Paper
Hours/Week Marks Marks Marks
Environmental Microbial Biotechnology & Nanotechnology
1 22UPEVS1E01 Marine Biotechnology 4 4 25 75 100
2 22UPEVS1E02 Microbial Enzyme Technology 4 4 25 75 100
3 22UPEVS1E03 Environmental Nanotechnology 4 4 25 75 100
4 22UPEVS1E04 Industrial Biotechnology 4 4 25 75 100
Waste Management and Remediation Technologies
5 22UPEVS1E05 Phytoremediation 4 4 25 75 100
22UPEVS1E06 Engineering Designs for Waste Management and

6 4 4 25 75 100
Energy
7 22UPEVS1E07 Bioremediation And Bioeconomy 4 4 25 75 100
8 22UPEVS1E08 Sludge Management 4 4 25 75 100

Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment
9 22UPEVS1E09 Principles of Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100
10 22UPEVS1E10 Pesticide Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100
11 22UPEVS1E11 Applied Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100
12 22UPEVS1E12 Occupational and Industrial Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100

Supportive Courses (Non-Major Course)
Contact Internal External Total
S. No. Course Code Title of the Paper Credits
Hours/Week Marks Marks Marks
1 22UPEVS1S01 Ecology and Environment 4 4 25 75 100
2 22UPEVS1S02 Environmental Pollution 4 4 25 75 100
3 22UPEVS1S03 Environmental Health and Safety 4 4 25 75 100
4 22UPEVS1S04 Global Environmental Issues 4 4 25 75 100
5 22UPEVS1S05 Disaster Management 4 4 25 75 100
Add On Course / Value Added Course:

Value Added Course:
Value Added / Add on Courses
Contact Internal External Total
S. No. Course Code Title of the Paper Credits
Hours Marks Marks Marks
1 21UPEVS1VA1 Environmental Safety and Lab Safety 30 - 25 75 100
2 21UPEVS1VA2 Environmental Sanitation 30 - 25 75 100
3 21UPEVS1VA3 Soil Analysis 30 - 25 75 100
4 21UPEVS1VA4 Waste Recycling 30 - 25 75 100

5 21UPEVS1VA5 Analytical Toxicology 30 - 25 75 100
6 21UPEVS1VA6 Environmental Analytical Techniques 30 - 25 75 100
11. Examinations
Examinations are conducted in semester pattern. The examination for the Semester I
& III will be held in November/December and that for the Semester II and IV will be in
the month of April/May. Candidates failing in any subject (both theory, practical and
skill) will be permitted to appear for such failed subjects in the same syllabus
structure at subsequent examinations within next 5 years. Failing w h i c h , t h e
candidate has to complete the course in the present existing syllabus structure.
12. Scheme for Evaluation and Attainment Rubrics
Evaluation will be done on a continuous basis and will be evaluated four times during
the course work. The first evaluation will be in the 7th week, the second in the 11th
week, third in the 16th week and the end–semester examination in the 19th week.
Evaluation may be by objective type questions, short answers, essays or a combination
of these, but the end semester examination is a University m a i n examination with
prescribed question paper pattern.
Attainment Rubrics for Theory Courses
Internal (Max. Marks - 25)
Attendance Seminar Assignment Cycle Test Total

5 5 5 10 25
External (Max. Marks - 75)
Question Paper Pattern (Theory)
Section Approaches Mark Pattern K Level

One Word 20 x 1 = 20
A K1 & K2
(Answer all questions) (Multiple Choice Questions)
100 to 200 words
3 x 5 = 15
B (Answer any three out of K3 & K4
(Analytical type questions)
five questions)
5 x 8 = 40
C 500 to 1000 words K5 & K6
(Evaluation and Creativity
type questions)
Attainment Rubrics for Lab Courses
Attendance Practical Periodical Total

Test Performance/Observation Marks
5 25 10 40
Major Minor
Spotters Record Viva-Voce Total Marks
Experiment Experiment
20 15 15 5 5 60
Attainment Rubrics for Research

Periodical Review and Results Presentation 50 Marks

Viva-Voce Presentation 25 Marks

Dissertation 75 Marks
Research Seminar:
Internal Seminar 4 - Weeks 25 Marks
Final Seminar 25 Marks
Passing Minimum
• There shall be no Passing minimum for Internal.
• For External Examination, t h e passing m inimum shall be of 50% (Fifty
Percentage) of the maximum marks prescribed for the paper.
• In the aggregate (External + Internal) the passing minimum shall be of 50% for each
Paper/Practical/Project and Viva-Voce.
• Grading shall be based on overall marks obtained (Internal + External).
13. Grading System
Performance e valuation of students is based on ten-point scale grading system as
given below:
Ten Point Scale
Grade of Marks Grade points Letter Grade Description
90-100 9.0-10.0 O Outstanding
80-89 8.0-8.9 D+ Excellent
75-79 7.5-7.9 D Distinction
70-74 7.0-7.4 A+ Very Good
60-69 6.0-6.9 A Good
50-59 5.0-5.9 B Average
00-49 0.0 U Re-appear
ABSENT 0.0 AAA ABSENT
Core Course – I
ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Semester Paper Code Marks Hours/Week L T P Credit
I 22UPEVS1C01 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To gain an understanding of the value of biodiversity and drivers of its loss; current efforts
to conserve biodiversity on global, national and local scales; practical issues with local
conservation and organizations, policies and programmes for sustainable management of
bioresources.
Course Outcomes
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
CO1 Understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions

CO2 Understand the direct and indirect values of biodiversity resources and their
bioprospecting opportunities
CO3 Outline the factors responsible for the threats and loss of global biodiversity
CO4 Understand the various in situ and ex situ conservation measures and make
critical judgments on the conflict between conservation and development
CO5 Know more knowledge about the recent policies and programmes for sustainable
management of bioresources and apply the rules and recommendations related to
environmental protection
Mappings of course outcomes with programme outcomes
COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8

CO1 ⁎
CO2 ⁎
CO3 ⁎ * *
CO4 ⁎ ⁎ ⁎
CO5 ⁎ ⁎ ⁎
Core Course – I
Unit I Introduction Contact Hours: 12

Ecology: Types of ecosystem – Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems - Ecological pyramids -
Food Chain - Food Web - Energy flow (K1, K2) - Types of Biodiversity: Species, Genetic
and Ecosystem diversity – Alpha, beta, and gamma diversity (K1, K2) – Biodiversity and
ecosystem function (K4, K5) – Megadiversity zones and Biodiversity Hot Spots in India (K2,
K3) –Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA) in India (K4, K5) - Values of Biodiversity (K4, K5) -
Biodiversity Prospecting - Examples of biopiracy and bioprospecting (K2, K5)
Unit II Threats to Biodiversity Contact Hours: 12

Endangered and endemic species of flora and fauna in India (K1, K2) - Biodiversity threats
under Anthropocene era: Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation – Impacts of plastic
pollution on marine biodiversity resources - Overexploitation (K2, K4, K5) – Food system
impact on biodiversity loss - IUCN Threat Categories – Red Data Book (K2, K4) – Climate
change on species extinction - Causes and Impacts of Invasive species to biodiversity (K2,
K3, K4 & K5) - Threats to soil biodiversity (K2, K4, K5) - Human-Animal conflict with
special reference to elephants (K3, K4 , K5, K6)
Unit III Conservation Strategies Contact Hours: 12

In situ conservation: Afforestation, Social Forestry, Agro-forestry, Zoo, Biosphere Reserves,
National Parks, Sanctuaries, Protected Area Network, Sacred Groves (K1, K2, K3) –
Protected Area: Direct benefits and co-benefits and its contribution to Sustainable
Development Goals – Ex-situ conservation: Botanical gardens, Cryopreservation, Gene
Bank, Seed Bank, Pollen Bank, Sperm Bank, cDNA Bank (K1, K2, K3)
Unit IV Sustainable Management of Bioresources Contact Hours: 12

National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) – Functions of State Biodiversity Board (SBB) and
Biodiversity Management Committee’s (BMC) – People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) (K3,
K4, K5, K6) – International Organizations and biodiversity conservation: Objectives and
Targets 2011-2020 of Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), WWF-India for
priority and threatened species conservation, UNESCO - Man and Biosphere Programme
(MAB), UNDP - Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) and UNEP – Global Environment
Facility (GEF) for biodiversity conservation - UNEP Medium-Term Strategy 2022-2025: on
the road to 2030 (K3, K4, K5)
Unit V Policies, Programmes, and Acts for Conservation Contact Hours: 12

Salient features of Biological Diversity Act 2002 (K2, K3) - Status and protection of species
in National and International levels – Policies implemented by MoEF & CC for biodiversity
conservation - Role of CITES, IUCN and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in
biodiversity conservation (K2, K3, K4) – Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing –
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety - The Aichi Biodiversity Targets (K3) – Monitoring the
Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) programme – SAWEN and TRAFFIC Networks – Wildlife
Trafficking Through India’s Airports (2011-2020) - Natural Resource Management
Principles for Biodiversity - CBD CoP15 outcomes – Kunming Biodiversity Fund and 30 by
30 targets - CoP26 Climate Summit pledge to end deforestation by 2030 (K4, K5)
Core Course – I
References
Text Books
1. Eugene P. Odum and Gary W. Barrett (2004) Fundamentals of Ecology (5th Edition)
Brooks/Cole Publishers.
2. Sharma PD (2012) Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, India.
3. Simon A. Levin (2009) The Princeton Guide to Ecology, Princeton University Press,
UK.
4. Krishnamurthy KV (2003) An Advanced Textbook on Biodiversity – Principles and
Practice, Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi.
Reference Books
1. Alonso A. Aguirre and Raman Sukumar (2017) Tropical Conservation. Perspectives

on Local and Global Priorities, Oxford University Press, USA
2. Ana Cano Ortiz, Carmelo Maria Musarella, Ricardo Quinto Canas (2020) Habitats
of the World Biodiversity and Threats, IntechOpen.
3. Anzar A. Khuroo, Ghulam Hassan Dar (2020) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu
and Kashmir State, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
4. Beatrice Frank, Jenny A. Glikman, Silvio Marchini (2019) Human-Wildlife
Interactions Turning Conflict into Coexistence, Cambridge University Press, UK.
5. Chandrakasan Sivaperuman, Krishnamoorthy Venkataraman (2018) Indian
Hotspots Vertebrate Faunal Diversity, Conservation and Management. Volume 1,
Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
6. Chaudhuri AB and Sarkar DD (2003) Megadiversity Conservation, Flora, Fauna
and Medicinal Plants of India’s Hot Spots. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
7. Dadhich LK and Sharma AP (2002) Biodiversity –Strategies for Conservation, APH
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
8. David Dudgeon (2020) Freshwater Biodiversity Status, Threats and Conservation,
Cambridge University Press, UK.
9. Kapoor L and Usha S (2020) Biodiversity and Conservation: India’s Panoramic
View. In: Roy N., Roychoudhury S., Nautiyal S., Agarwal S., Baksi S. (eds), Socio-
economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation.
Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_16
10. Münir Öztürk, Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Milica Pešić (2020) Biodiversity and
Biomedicine Our Future. Academic Press, UK.
11. Münir Öztürk, Recep Efe, Volkan Altay (2021) Volume 1: Prospects and Challenges
in West Asia and Caucasus - Volume 1, Springer Nature, Switzerland.
12. Muthuchelian K (2013) Glimpses of Animal Biodiversity, Astral International (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
13. Muthuchelian K (2013) Uyir Virimam (Tamil), Pranisha Pathippagam, Madurai.
14. Muthuchelian K (2016) Bioinformatics, Barcoding and Benefit Sharing in
Biodiversity Educationist Press, New Delhi.
15. Nitin Kamboj, Pankaj Kumar, Sonika Kumari, Sunil Kumar, Temin Payum, Vinod
Kumar (2021) Biological Diversity: Current Status and Conservation Policies, Agro
Environ Media, Publication Cell of AESA, Agriculture and Environmental Science
Academy.
16. Santosh Kumar Upadhyay and Sudhir P Singh (2021) Bioprospecting of Plant
Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., USA.
17. Tim Burt and Des Thompson (2020) Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation,
Core Course – I

18. William V. Holt, Janine L. Brown and Pierre Comizzoli (2014) Reproductive
Sciences in Animal Conservation. Progress and Prospects, Springer, New York.
Journal articles
1. Trew BT, Maclean IM (2021) Vulnerability of global biodiversity hotspots to climate

change. Global Ecology and Biogeography 30(4):768-783.
2. Sutherland WJ, Atkinson PW, Butchart SH, Capaja M, Dicks LV, Fleishman E,
Gaston KJ, Hails RS, Hughes AC, Le Anstey B, Le Roux X (2022) A horizon scan of
global biological conservation issues for 2022. Trends in Ecology & Evolution
37(1):95-104.
3. Walters C, Pence VC (2021) The unique role of seed banking and
cryobiotechnologies in plant conservation. Plants, People, Planet 3(1):83-91.
Online resources
1. www.iucn.org
2. www.cites.org
3. www.cbd.int
4. www.wri.org
5. http://www.sawen.org
6. https://theconversation.com
7. http://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/hb2_5ed_strategic_plan_ 2016_24_e.pdf
8. https://www.thegef.org/topics/biodiversity
9. https://www.cbd.int/gspc/strategy.shtml
10. https://www.zsl.org/sites/default/files/LPR%202020%20Full%20report.pdf
11. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_New_Nature_Economy_Report_2020.pdf
12. https://stg-wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34331/Agenda%20Item%206%20POW-2rev.pdf
Core Course – II
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Semester Paper Code Marks Hours/Wee L T P Credit

k
I 22UPEVS1C02 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
T o develop an understanding fundamental chemical processes occurred in
environment and various chemical reactions and their effects on the environment.
Course Outcomes
CO1
Have knowledge of basic theories and problems of Environmental
Chemistry.
CO2 Describe important chemical reactions and cyclic processes of chemical species
in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and in lithosphere.
CO3 Demonstrate knowledge of chemical principles of various fundamental
environmental phenomena.
CO4 Apply basic chemical concepts in understanding the behaviour of pollutants.
CO5 Analyze chemical processes involved in air, water and soil environmental issues
and know the different types of toxic, hazardous substances and analyze their
toxicological information.

CO1 * *
CO2 * *
CO3 * * *
CO4 *
CO5 * * * * *
Core Course – II
Unit I Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry Contact Hours: 12

Environmental Chemistry: Definition, Concept and Scope. Elements - Atomic structure,
Atomic number, Atomic mass, Electronic configuration, Periodic properties of elements,
Types of chemical bonds. Preparation of Standard Solutions – Molarity, Molality,
Normality, Percent and ppm (mg/L) Solutions - Stoichiometry (K1, K2) - Gibb's free energy
- Chemical Potential - Chemical Equilibria - Acid-base theories - pH and pOH and
Buffer Solutions (K3) - Solubility and Solubility Product - Solubility of gases in water -
The carbonate system - Unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons - Radionuclides (K4)
Unit II Atmospheric Chemistry Contact Hours: 12

Atmosphere: Structure and Composition - Particles, Ions and Radicals (K2) -
Tropospheric Chemistry: Formation of inorganic and Organic particulate matter (K3, K4)
- Chemistry of Air Pollutants: SO2, NOx, CO2 (Acid Rain, Photochemical Smog, Greenhouse
Effect, Global Warming) (K4). Stratospheric Chemistry: Chapman mechanism and catalytic
process of ozone destruction - Role of CFCs in ozone depletion, NOx, halogen cycles (K4)
Unit III Aquatic Chemistry Contact Hours: 12

Formation of Water (K1) - Sources and Types o f w ater resource (K1) - Hydrological
cycle - Unique p roperties of w ater (K2) - Role of w ater in the e nvironment (K3)-
Physical, Chemical and Biological properties of water - Temperature, colour, odour, Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, acidity and hardness
- Phenomenon of Eutrophication (K4) - Concept of DO, BOD, COD - Chemistry of
metals in aqueous systems - Metal complex formation and chelation - Types of reactions
in various water bodies including marine environment (K4, K5)
Unit IV Soil Chemistry Contact Hours: 12

Soil: Nature, Formation, Types (K1 & K2) – Physico-chemical Properties of Soil: Soil
Structure, Texture (K3 & K4), Inorganic and organic components of soil, Chemical
properties of saline, acidic and alkaline soils (K5), Macro and Micronutrients in soil and
their functions, Relation between organic carbon and organic matter, C/N Ratio,
Chemical reactions in soil (K5)
Unit V Pollutant Chemistry Contact Hours: 12

Pesticides: Classification, Degradation, Analysis - Pollution due to p esticides - DDT
and Endosulphan, Hydrocarbons: Classification, Hydrocarbon d ecay (K3) - Effects o f
h y d r o c a r b o n on m acro and m icroorganisms (K4) – Toxic effects of heavy metals -
As, Cd, Pb & Hg
References
Text Books
1. De AK (2007) Environmental Chemistry, Seventh Edition, New Age
International Publishers.
2. Balram Pani (2007) Text Book of Environmental Chemistry, I.K.
International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
3. Girard JE (2015) Principles of Environmental Chemistry.
4. Rao CS (2018) Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, 3rd Edition,
New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers.
5. Sharma BK and Kaur H (1994) Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publishing
House Ltd., Meerut, UP
Core Course – II
Reference Books
1. Manahan, Stanley E (2009) Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry, 9th
Edition, Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.
2. Eugene R. Weiner (2000) Applications of Environmental Chemistry, CRC
Press, LLC.
3. Ahluwalia VK (2015) Environmental Pollution and Health, The Energy
And Resource Institute (TERI).
4. Vanloon GW and Duffy SJ (2011) Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspectives,
3rd Edition, Oxford University Press.
5. Ibanez, JG, Hernandez-Esparza M, Doria-Serrano C, Fregoso-Infante A, and
Singh MM (2007) Environmental Chemistry. Springer Press.
6. Farwa Nadeem, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, Muhammad A. Hanif, Hafiz Muhammad
Tauqeer (2020) Environmental Chemistry A Comprehensive Approach, Wiley &
Sons, Inc., USA.
Web References
1. http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/122106030/Pdfs/3_1.pdf
2. http://www.crystal.med.upenn.edu/sharp-lab-pdfs/sharp_EncLifeSci.pdf
3. http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC172E/AC172E04.htm
4. http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-and-
applications/surfactants.html
5. http://agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=5&topicid=174
Core Course – III
WASTE MANAGEMENT
I 22UPEVS1C03 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To understand the problems of different kinds of wastes and the proper collection,
segregation and reduction methods for municipal waste, biomedical waste, hazardous
waste, e-waste, industrial waste etc., To identify waste nature and proper disposal
methods for each type of wastes and identify the energy producing wastes and
recovery of the energy from the wastes using different techniques.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand health and environmental issues related to solid waste management;
Select the appropriate method for solid waste collection, transportation,
redistribution and disposal
CO2 Become aware of environment and health impacts solid waste mismanagement
CO3 Understand engineering, financial and technical options for waste management
and wealth from waste management techniques
CO4 Understand industrial specific wastes and their efficient management
CO5 Describe methods of disposal of hazardous solid waste and understand the energy
recovery and industrial specific treatment techniques

CO1 * *
CO2 * *
CO3 * * *
CO4 * * * *
CO5 * * *
Core Course – III
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Unit I Municipal Solid Waste Management Contact Hours: 12

Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW): Definition, Source, Types, Classification, Characterization,
Composition, Per Capita generation and global scenario, Factors affecting waste
generation (K3) - Methods of collection, Storage and Transportation, Waste Processing and
Material Recovery (K4), Effects of improper disposal of wastes (Public health and
Environment) - Disposal methods - Aerobic and Anaerobic methods (Landfill, Sanitary
Landfill, Composting, Burning, Incineration, Pyrolysis, Anaerobic Digestion) -
Management of leachate and landfill gas, Dumpsite Rehabilitation - Rules and Regulation
of MSW, Creating Public Awareness, Role of NGO’s.
Unit II Hazardous & Radioactive Waste Management Contact Hours: 12

Hazardous waste: Definition, Characteristics and Classification (Industrial, Hospital, and
Domestic) (K1, K2, & K3) - Labelling and handling of hazardous solid wastes (Segregation,
Recovery of hazardous waste substances) (K3 & K4); Rules and Regulation of hazardous
waste - Disposal Techniques (K5). Radioactive Wastes: Sources, Classification and
Characterization (K1 & K2) - Radiation Units, Measurements (K3), Regulations, Legal
framework and responsible bodies, Effects, Control, and Disposal Methods (Treatment,
Conditioning, Storage and Disposal) (K3, K4 & K5)
Unit III Biomedical, Plastic & E-waste Management Contact Hours: 12

Biomedical Wastes: Sources and Types (K1 & K2), Impacts of biomedical wastes on
environment (K3 & K4) - Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Amendments -
Labelling and transport (K4), Control measures and disposal (K5) - Plastic Wastes:
Sources, Types (K1 & K2) and Global Scenario (K3, K4), Plastic Waste Management Rules
2016 - Effects of plastic wastes on marine life, wildlife, human health, and environment -
Control measures - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3Rs), Construction of plastic roads,
Alternate to plastics (K5 & K6). E-wastes: Sources, Types, and Composition (K2) -
Impacts on environment (K3) - Control measures - Recycling and Recovery technologies
(K3 & K6)
Unit IV Energy Recovery from Wastes Contact Hours: 12

Biocomposting, Vermicomposting, Mushroom cultivation, Fly ash generation and
utilization, Coir Bricks, Heat recovery, Biogas production; Microbial fuel cells - Production
of methane, ethanol, and electricity.
Unit V Industrial Waste Management Contact Hours: 12

Cradle to Grave Processes in Pulp and Paper, Tanneries, Textiles, Thermal Power Plants,
Mining and Ore Processing, Refineries, Iron Casting, Cement, Sugar, Distillery,
Pharmaceuticals, and Asbestos - Sludge Dewatering and Its disposal.
References
Text Books
1. Kinnaman T C and Takeuchi K (2014) Handbook on Waste Management, Edward
Elgar Publishing, UK.
2. Ramesha Chandrappa and Jeff Brown (2012) Solid Waste Management:
Principles and Practice, Springer Science and Business Media Publishers.
Core Course – III
WASTE MANAGEMENT
3. Bhide and Sundaresan (2000) Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries –

Indian National Scientific Documentation Center, New Delhi.
4. Basarkar Shishir (2009) Hospital Waste Management: A Guide for Self-
Assessment and Review, JAYPEEDIGITAL
5. Surendra Kumar (2009) Solid Waste Management, Northern Book Centre
Reference Books
1. Hieronymi C K, Kahhat R and Williams E (2012) E-waste Management: From
waste to resource. Routledge Taylor Francis Group Publishers.
2. Lagrega M D, Buckingham P L and Evans J V (2001) Hazardous Waste
Management, McGraw Hill Int. Ed. New York.
3. Lie D H F and Liptak B G (2000) Hazardous Wastes and Solid Wastes, Lewis
Publishers, New York
4. John Pitchel (2014) Waste Management Practices, Municipal, Hazardous, and
nd
Industrial, 2 Edition, CRC Press
5. Subramanian M N (2019) Plastic Waste Management Processing and Disposal, 2 nd
Edition, Scrivener Publishing.
6. Varsha Bhagat-Ganguly (2021) E-Waste Management Challenges and
Opportunities in India, Taylor & Francis.
7. Siming You (2022) Waste-to-Resource System Design for Low-Carbon Circular
Economy, Elsevier Science.
8. Deepak Kumar Yadav, Pradeep Kumar, Pardeep Singh and Daniel A. Vallero (2022)
Hazardous Waste Management An Overview of Advanced and Cost-Effective
Solutions, Elsevier Science.
9. Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, Lalit Goswami, Sunpreet Singh (2021) Emerging
Trends to Approaching Zero Waste Environmental and Social Perspectives, Elsevier
Science.
Web References
1. http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/pyrols.htm
2. www.satavic.org/vermicomposting.htm
3. http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/urbanenvironment/sectors/solid-waste-
landfills.html
4. www.cement.org/waste/wt_apps_radioactive.asp
5. www.ipma.co.in/recycle.asp
6. linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026974910600042X
7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42339862_Biomedical_waste_
management_An_overview
8. https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_g/G314.pdf
9. http://cbs.teriin.org/pdf/Waste_Management_Handbook.pdf
10. https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilungen/sandec/E-
Learning/Moocs/Solid_Waste/W2/Solid_waste_management_UNEP_2005.pdf
Core Course – IV
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY
I 22UPEVS1C04 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To focus on understanding the role of pollutants, and xenobiotics in the natural
environment; to understand the basics of environmental toxicology, cell biology, and
biochemistry; and to characterize the adverse effects of chemical substances on the
ecosystem and humans.
Course Outcomes
Acquire broad knowledge in the field of environmental toxicology and
CO1
biochemistry and understand the basic principles, target organ toxicity, and the
toxicity of a select group of chemical compounds.
CO2 Synthesize and apply concepts from multiple sub-disciplines in environmental cell
biology, biochemistry, and toxicology.
CO3 Use technical and analytical skills to quantify the level of xenobiotics in
environmental compartments and their impacts on human health.
CO4 Understand relationships between chemical/drug exposure and its effects on
physiological systems.
CO5 Acquire skills in toxicological bioassays and design strategies for the study of dose-
response relationships.

CO1 *
CO2 *
CO3 *
CO4 *
CO5 *
Core Course – IV
Unit I Basic Cell Biology Contact Hours: 12

Introduction to Cell biology - Cell theory - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - Structure and
function of eukaryotic cell organelles - Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Mitochondria,
Chloroplast, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Nucleus, Plant vacuoles, and Plastids.
Cell division - Meiosis and Mitosis, Genotype and Phenotype (K1, K2)
Unit II Cellular Processes Contact Hours: 12

Cellular transport - Permeability, Diffusion, Osmosis, Absorption of water, Translocation
of solutes, Transpiration, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Cellular adaptations to
environmental stress - Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia (K1, K2)
Unit III Basics of Toxicology Contact Hours: 12

Scope and types - Classification of toxic agents. Routes of exposure, duration, and
frequency of exposure, Dose-response relationship - LC50 and LD50, Threshold limit value,
Therapeutic index levels. Environmental Risk - Definition, Risk Characterization - Hazard
Identification, Exposure Assessment Methods, Environmental Risk Assessment - National
and International guidelines (K3, K4, K5)
Unit IV Mechanisms of Toxicity Contact Hours: 12

Toxicity testing methods - Laboratory animals - Acute and chronic toxicity tests -
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of toxic agents - Biotransformation
reactions - Concepts of bioassay - Types and characteristics - Test models and methods
(K5, K6)
Unit V Xenobiotics Toxicity Contact Hours: 12

Xenobiotics - Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of toxic chemicals: Pesticides, heavy
metal(loid)s, PAHs, VOCs and POPs – Toxicity of Carcinogens, Emerging Pollutants –
Biomonitoring studies – Principles and applications – Environmental specimen banks (K4,
K5)
References
Text Books
1. Alberts B, Bray D, Hopkin K et al. (2009) Essential Cell Biology, 3rd edition,
2. Alberts B, Johmson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K and Walter P (2002) Molecular
Biology of the Cell, Garland Science, New York.
Reference Books
1. Buchanan B B, Gruissem W and Jones R L (2002) Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology of Plants, ASPB, USA.
2. Cooper G M and Hausman R E (2013) The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 6th edition,
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.
3. David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (1970)
by Albert L. Lehninger Published 23rd April 2004 by W. H. Freeman (first published).
Core Course – IV
4. Gerald Karp (2002) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, 7th
edition.
5. Felix D'Mello (2020) A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology - Human Disorders
and Ecotoxicology, CABI, USA.
6. Jing Liu, Carey N. Pope (2020) An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Toxicology -
From Molecules to Man, Academic Press, USA.
7. Klaassen, Curtis D, Casarett, Louis J, Doull, J (2013) Casarett and Doull's
Toxicology: The basic science of poisons (8th Edition) McGraw Hill Publishers.
8. Max Costa, Gunnar F. Nordberg (2021) Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals:
Volume II: Specific Metals Volume 2, Fifth edition, Academic Press, USA.
9. Ted A. Loomis, A. Wallace Hayes (1996) Loomis's Essentials of Toxicology 4th
Edition, Academic Press Publishers.
10. Sharma P D, Rastogi and Lamporary (1994) Environmental Biology and Toxicology,
Rajpal and Sons Publishing, New Delhi.
11. Ted A Simon (2014) Environmental Risk Assessment: A Toxicological Approach.
CRC Press, FL.
12. Wayne Landis, Ruth Sofield, Ming-Ho Yu (2017) Introduction to Environmental
Toxicology Molecular Substructures to Ecological Landscapes, 5th edition, CRC Press,
USA.
Core Course – V
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL STRATEGIES
II 22UPEVS1C05 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To gain knowledge of causes and consequences to natural, economic and social
systems to understand the fundamental principles governing the interactions between
the transport of pollutants in the environment and treatment technologies.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Learn about the air, water and soil pollutants, sources and its effects, and have
clear understanding on the air, water, noise, and radiation standards and its
techniques
CO2 Apply relevant techniques, skills and modern engineering tools to solve the
environmental problems
CO3 Get exposed good practice of technologies and options used to remediate
reduce/eliminate pollution of the environment
CO4 Understand problems in order to select control measures and techniques
concerning atmospheric, water and terrestrial contaminants
CO5 Understand the ill effects of pollution and create awareness to public on
environmental pollution and its control

CO1 * *
CO2 * *
CO3 * * *
CO4 *
CO5 * * * * *
Core Course – V
Unit I Air Pollution and Control strategies Contact Hours: 12

Definition (K1) - Natural and anthropogenic sources (K1)- Types of air pollutants: Primary
and Secondary - Classification of air pollutants (K2 & K3) - Air pollution episodes - Effects
of air pollution on environment (K3) - Transport and diffusion of pollutants (Gaussian
Plume Model) - Monitoring of a ir p ollution (K4) - Sampling and a nalysis t echniques of
SOx, NOx and particulate matter (K4 & (K5) - Ambient Air Quality Standards of CPCB -
Air Pollution Control Methods: Particulate matter (Settling Chamber, Cyclones, Fabric
Filter, Electrostatic Precipitator and Scrubbers) and Gaseous Pollutants (NOx, SO2, CO,
CO2 and Hydrocarbons)
Unit II Water Pollution and Control strategies - Contact Hours: 12

Aerobic Treatment
Definition (K1) – Sources, types and effects (K1 & K2) - Water sampling techniques -
Water quality parameters and standards (K3 & K4) - Drinking (Sedimentation, Filtration &
Chlorination) and Wastewater treatment methods: Concept of ETP and CETP - Primary
treatment methods (Screening, Grit Removal, Neutralization, Coagulation, Skimming,
Sedimentation) - Secondary treatment methods [Aeration, Activated Sludge Process,
Trickling Filters, Biological Contact Filters, Rotating Filters, Sequential Batch Reactor
(SBR) and Oxidation Ponds (Aerobic stabilization ponds, Facultative ponds, Constructed
wetlands)] - Tertiary treatment methods (Ozonation, Chlorination, Activated carbon
filtration, UV, Reverse Osmosis) - Advanced Treatment - Nutrient removal (Nitrates and
Phosphates)
Unit III Anaerobic Treatment Methods and Water Contact Hours: 12

Management Strategies
Anaerobic Digestion - Fixed bed, Moving bed, Expanded bed, Fluidised bed Reactors,
UASB, Septic Tanks, Lagoons and Anaerobic Ponds - Water Management Strategies: Rain
Water Harvesting Methods, Recycling & Reuse of domestic and industrial wastewater
Unit IV Soil Pollution and Control strategies Contact Hours: 12

Definition (K1) - Sources (Industrial, Domestic and Agricultural) (K1 & K2) - Effects of soil
pollution on environment (K2) - Soil sampling devices, Methods and Analysis - Soil
Remediation Techniques: In situ and Ex situ - Physical (Soil Covering, Excavation,
Electrokinetic Remediation, Air Sparging and Encapsulation) - Chemical (Soil Washing,
Solidification and Vitrification) - Biological (Bioremediation and Phytoremediation)
Unit V Noise & Thermal Pollution and Control strategies Contact Hours: 12
Noise Pollution: Definition (K1) - Sources (K1 & K2) - Properties of sound waves, Sound
pressure levels, Decibel, Intensity and duration (K3) - Effects of noise pollution on humans
and animals (K3 & K4) - Noise permissible standards of CPCB (Industrial and domestic
zones) - Noise control measures (Greenbelt and Protective Instruments) - Thermal
Pollution: Definition (K1) - Sources (K1 & K2) - Chemical and biological effects - Thermal
pollution from power plants and their control & treatment
References
Text Books
1. Khopkar S M (2005) Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Control, New Age

International (P) Ltd Publishers.
rd
2. Rao C S (2018) Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, 3 Edition, New Age
International (P) Ltd Publishers.
Core Course – V

3. Avinash Chauhan (2020) Environmental Pollution and Management. IK International
Publishers Ltd.
4. Singal S P (2000) Noise Pollution and Control, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
5. Jeffrey Peirce J, Ruth F, Weiner P, and Aarne Vesilind (1997) Environmental Pollution
Control, 4th Edition, Elsevier Science.
Reference Books
1. Yung –Tse Hung, Lawrence K wang and Nazih K Shammas (2012) Handbook of
Environment and Waste Management Vol. 1 Air and Water Pollution Control, World
Scientific Press.
2. Yung –Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2014) Handbook of
Environment and W aste Management Vol. 2 Land and Groundwater P ollution Control,
World Scientific Press.
3. Yung –Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2020) Handbook of
Environment and Waste Management Vol. 3 Acid Rain and Greenhouse Gas Pollution
Control, World Scientific Press
4. Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore (2010) Introduction to Environmental
Management, CRC Press.
5. Meuser Helmut (2013) Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation T reatment of Contaminated
and Disturbed Land, Springer.
6. Spellman F R (2013) Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant

Operations, Third Edition, CRC Press, FL.
7. Farwa Nadeem, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, Muhammad A. Hanif, Hafiz Muhammad Tauqeer (2020)
Environmental Chemistry. A Comprehensive Approach, Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.
8. Pardeep Singh, Sanchayita Rajkhowa, Joao Paulo Bassin, Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and
Ramesh Oraon (2022) Environmental Sustainability and Industries
Technologies for Solid Waste, Wastewater, and Air Treatment, Elsevier Science.
9. Pardeep Singh, Ajay Kumar and Anwesha Borthakur (2019) Abatement of Environmental
Pollutants Trends and Strategies, Elsevier Science.
10. Hemen Sarma, Delfina C. Dominguez, Wen-Yee Lee (2022) Emerging Contaminants in the
Environment Challenges and Sustainable Practices, Elsevier Science.
Web References
1. http://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt55e.htm
2. http://www.bbau.ac.in/dept/UIET/Study%20Materials%20for%20TCE-0.pdf
3. https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-
Studies/english/publications/reports/study/topical/health/pdf/health_08.pdf
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236179607_Strategies_for_Prevention_and
Control of Air Pollution in India
5.https://iums.ac.ir/uploads/Air_Pollution_Control_Engineerin%D8%B8%E2%80%9E_9
5694.pdf
6. http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-0c6457fb-fa78-4aa1-
9eca-5f4483681a90/c/ILNS-3-2014-1-6.pdf
7. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/21577/8/ch-5.pdf
8. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/8/1657/pdf
9. https://udghoshna.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/noise-pollution.pdf
Core Course – VI
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
II 22UPEVS1C06 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To learn the basic knowledge about the role of microbes and microbial interactions in
soil and other soil activities, to the biogeochemical cycles prevail in environment, and
to enhance the skill in microbial analysis.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Able to understand about microbes in the environmental field
CO2 Understand the role of microbes in soil fertility
CO3 Understand the role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles, plant growth
promotion
CO4 Know about the impact of microbial air and water pollutants and understand the
microbial diseases related to the environment
CO5 Apply the microbial processes to clean the environment and to enhance the skill in
microbial analysis
CO1 *
CO2 *
CO3 *
CO4 *
CO5 *
Core Course – VI
Unit I Introduction to Microbiology Contact Hours: 12

History and Scope of Microbiology - General structure of bacteria, viruses, and fungi -
Sterilization techniques: Physical and chemical methods - Microbiological media
preparation and its types - Adaptations of microorganisms in the extreme environment:
Archaebacteria, Acidophilic, Alkalophilic, Thermophilic, Barophilic, Halophilic, Xerophilic,
Radiophilic and Osmophilic (K1, K2)
Unit II Geomicrobiology Contact Hours: 12

Soil microflora - Factors influencing the soil microflora - Role of microorganisms in soil
fertility -Microbial interactions: Mutualism, Commensalism, Competition, Amensalism,
Parasitism and Predation - Interaction between microbes and plants: Role of PGPR and
AM on plant growth (K1, K2)
Unit III Biogeochemical Cycles Contact Hours: 12

Carbon cycle - Role of microbes in the Carbon cycle - Nitrogen cycle - Mechanism of
biological nitrogen fixation - Ammonification, Nitrification, Denitrification - Phosphorous
cycle, Sulphur cycle and Oxygen cycle (K3, K4, K5)
Unit IV Air and Water Borne Diseases Contact Hours: 12

Microbial air pollutants - Bioaerosols, Aero allergens - Airborne diseases, Symptoms and
preventive measures (Tuberculosis and Chickenpox) - Water pollution: Sources and
nature of pollutants in water - Waterborne diseases, Symptoms and preventive measures
(Cholera and Typhoid) - Microbial assessment of water quality - MPN technique and
Biological Oxygen Demand (K5, K6)
Unit V Applied Microbiology Contact Hours: 12

Microbial conversion of solid waste to food (Mushroom, SCP), fuels (Biogas, Ethanol) -
Biofouling – Biodegradation and xenobiotics in the environment (Crude oil, hydrocarbon) -
Bioremediation: Types and its application - Biosurfactants: Types and its application -
Biodeterioration of paper and wood - Metal corrosion (K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Dubey and Maheshwari (1999) A Text Book of Microbiology, Chand Publications, New
Delhi.
2. Mohapatra P K (2008) Text Book of Environmental Microbiology, I K International
Publishing House Limited
Reference Books
1. Subba Rao N S (2004) Soil Microbiology.4th Edition, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Subba Rao N S (1995) Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry, 3rd Edition,
Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Singh D P and Dwivedi S K (2005). Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology.
1st Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
Core Course – VI
4. Brock T D, Madigan M T, Martinko J M and Parker J (1994) Biology of

Microorganisms, VII Ed., Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA.
5. Ronald M Atlas and Richard Bartha ( 1997) Microbial Ecology, 4th Edition,
Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company, USA.
6. Junaid Ahmad Malik (2022) Microbes and Microbial Biotechnology for Green
Remediation, Elsevier Science.
7. Maulin P. Shah, Susana Rodriguez-Couto and S Sevinc Sengor (2020) Emerging
Technologies in Environmental Bioremediation, Elsevier Science.
Web References
1. www.wastewatertreatment.co.in/index.php
2. www.microbialfuelcell.org
3. www.pollutionissues.com/A-Bo/Bioremediation.html
4. www.bioreactors.net
5. http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/biorec.htm
6. http://www.personal.psu.edu/jel5/biofilms/
7. www.rdp.cme.msu.edu
Core Course – VII
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CURRENT ISSUES
II 22UPEVS1C07 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To focus on improving understanding of the climate system, climate science, impacts
of climate change, mitigation and/or adaptation to climate change and related issues.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the climate and climate change processes at local to global scales
Understand the sources and impacts of climate change due to anthropogenic
CO2
activities including energy utilization.
CO3 Understand the existing novel technologies used for measurement of climate
change and weather forecasting
Understand the recent initiatives and policy framework by UNFCCC, IPCC, CoP,
CO4
MoEF & CC and other Ministries
CO5 Evaluate the pros and cons of past National and International efforts to address
climate change mitigation and adaptation

CO1 * * * * *
CO2 * * * * *
CO3 * * * * *
CO4 * * * * * *
CO5 * * * * *
Core Course – VII
Unit I Meteorological Elements for Climate Change Contact Hours: 12

Structure of atmosphere: Vertical structure of atmosphere - Atmospheric stability:
Adiabatic process – Air Temperature, Humidity, Condensation: Dew and Frost, Fog, and
clouds - Clouds: Classification of clouds - Precipitation processes: Collison and Co-
alescence process and Ice-crystal or Bergeron process - Cloud seeding - Precipitation types
(Rain, snow, sleet and freezing rain, snow grains and snow pellets, hail) - Air Pressure and
Winds: Atmospheric pressure - Forces that influence the wind (Pressure gradient force,
Coriolis force, centripetal force, friction) (K1 & K2)
Unit II Atmospheric Circulation, Air masses and Fronts Contact Hours: 12

Atmospheric circulation: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) - Jet streams - Global wind
patterns: Trade winds, Westerlies and Polar Easterlies - Thermal circulations: Sea and land
breezes, Mountain and valley breezes, Katabatic winds, Chinook (Foehn) winds, Santa Ana
winds, Desert winds - Air masses: Classification and characteristics of air masses - Types
of air masses - Fronts: Type of fronts: Stationary fronts, cold fronts, warm fronts, occluded
fronts (K1 & K2)
Unit III Air Quality and Consequences of Climate Change Contact Hours: 12
Global Air Quality and CO2 concentration scenario - Sources of greenhouse gases: Coal
burning, Transportation sectors (vehicle, railways, shipping and aviation) - Ozone depleting
substances – Facts and figures of current global warming scenarios in the world – Extreme
events of climate change: - El Niño, La Niña and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) –
Alarming features of IPCC Report 2022 - Recent extreme events in the world – Global
consequences of El Niño: Changes in the SW and NE monsoon patterns in India – Melting
of ice glaciers and Sea levels - Water scarcity - Food security – Species extinction – Human
health – Civil Wars and Migration – Global swarming: Locust plaque (K2, K3, K4& K5)
Climate Classification, Measurement of Climate

Unit IV Contact Hours: 12
Change and Weather forecasting
Classification of climate: Koppen's and Thornthwaite' scheme - The measurement of
climate change: Tree rings, ice cores, ocean sediments, pollen records, Boreholes and other
proxy measurements - Weather forecasting tools: AWIPS computer work station, Doppler
radar data, metogram, satellites and weather forecasting - Types of forecasts: Nowcast,
short-range forecasts, medium and long - range forecasts (K2, K3 & K4)
Global/National Action Plans to Combat Climate

Unit V Contact Hours: 12
Change Issues
Key steps taken by UNFCCC to combat climate change: Kyoto Protocol - Copenhagen Accord
2009 - Cancun Agreements 2010 to establish Green Climate Funds - Paris Climate
Agreement 2015, Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to cut greenhouse gas
emissions at CoP 21 - Montreal Protocol for ODS, Kigali Amendment 2016 to phase out
hydroflurocarbons (HFC) - Green Climate Funds - Climate Change Information Network (CC:
iNet) - National Action Plan on Climate Change (Eight missions) - Recent initiatives related to
climate change adaptation and mitigation in India (K4 & K5) - CoP26 major outcomes:
Pledges to attain Net Zero commitments in India by 2070 - Methane phase out - Coal ‘Phase
down’ Policy - International Solar Alliance (ISA) - Green Tamil Nadu Mission (K4 & K5)
Core Course – VII
References
Text Books
1. Donald Ahrens C and Robert Henson (2018) Meteorology Today: An Invitation to

the Atmosphere. Eighth Edition, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, USA.
2. Galvin JFP (2016) An Introduction to the Meteorology and Climate of the Tropics.
John Wiley & Sons Ltd., UK.
Reference Books
1. Alberto Troccoli, Laurent Dubus and Sue Ellen Haupt (2014) Weather Matters for
Energy. Springer, New York.
2. Ali Fares (2021) Climate Change and Extreme Events, Elsevier Inc., UK.
3. Asit K. Biswas, Cecilia Tortajada (2022) Water Security Under Climate Change,
Springer, Singapore.
4. Barry Buzan and Robert Falkner (2022) Great Powers, Climate Change, and
Global Environmental Responsibilities, Oxford University Press, UK.
5. Cowie J (2007) Climate Change: Biological and Human Aspects, Cambridge
University Press, UK. 32
6. Cynthia Rosenzweig, Martin Parry, Manishka De Mel (2022) Our Warming Planet:
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte.
Ltd., Singapore.
7. Dogra N and Srivastava S (2012) Climate Change and Disease Dynamics in India,
TERI, New Delhi.
8. Federico Castillo, Michael Wehner, Dáithí A. Stone (2021) Extreme Events and
Climate Change - A Multidisciplinary Approach, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.
9. Friel S (2019) Climate Change and the People's Health (Vol. 2). Small Books Big
Ideas in Popul.
10. Kala CP and Silori CS (2013) Biodiversity Communities and Climate Change,
TERI, New Delhi.
11. Krishnan R, Sanjay J, Chellappan Gnanaseelan, Milind Mujumdar, Ashwini
Kulkarni and Supriyo Chakraborty (2021) Assessment of Climate Change Over
the Indian Region - A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES),
Government of India, Springer, Singapore.
12. Lawrence A. Palinkas (2020) Global Climate Change, Population Displacement,
and Public Health. The Next Wave of Migration. Springer Nature Switzerland.
13. Lyla Mehta, Hans Nicolai Adam, Shilpi Srivastava (2022) The Politics of Climate
Change and Uncertainty in India, Routledge, USA.
14. Navroz K. Dubash (2019) India in a Warming World - Integrating Climate Change
and Development, Oxford University Press, India.
15. Parry M L (2019). Climate Change and World Agriculture. Routledge.
16. Quaschning VV (2019) Renewable Energy and Climate Change. John Wiley &
Sons.
17. Saurabh Sonwani and Pallavi Saxena (2022) Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks
and Mitigation, Springer, Singapore.
18. Vinay Kumar, Ashish Kumar Srivastava and Penna Suprasanna (2021) Plant
Nutrition and Food Security in the Era of Climate Change, Academic Press, UK.
Core Course – VII
Journal articles
1. Agache I, Sampath V, Aguilera J, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Barry M, Bouagnon A,

Chinthrajah S, Collins W, Dulitzki C, Erny B (2022) Climate change and global
health: a call to more research and more action. Allergy 77(5):1389-1407.
2. Fankhauser S, Smith SM, Allen M, Axelsson K, Hale T, Hepburn C, Kendall JM,
Khosla R, Lezaun J, Mitchell-Larson E, Obersteiner M (2022) The meaning of net
zero and how to get it right. Nature Climate Change 12(1):15-21.
3. Figueres C. (2020). Paris taught me how to do what is necessary to combat
climate change.
4. Ford HV, Jones NH, Davies AJ, Godley BJ, Jambeck JR, Napper IE, Suckling CC,
Williams GJ, Woodall LC, Koldewey HJ (2022) The fundamental links between
climate change and marine plastic pollution. Science of the Total Environment.
806:150392.
5. Olabi AG, Abdelkareem MA (2022) Renewable energy and climate change.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 158:112111.
6. O’Riordan T (2022) COP 26 and Sustainability Science. Environment: Science and
Policy for Sustainable Development 64(1):2-3.
7. Zsögön A, Peres LE, Xiao Y, Yan J, Fernie AR (2022) Enhancing crop diversity for
food security in the face of climate uncertainty. The Plant Journal 109(2):402-
414.
Online resources
1. http://www.un-redd.org/
2. http://unfccc.int/
3. https://www.ipcc.ch
4. https://www.co2.earth/
5. http://www.climatecentral.org/
6. http://climate.nasa.gov/
7. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/
8. http://aqicn.org/map/
Core Course – VIII
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
III 22UPEVS1CO8 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To acquaint students with knowledge in environmental biotechnology for gene cloning,
skills in bioremediation of environmental pollutants, and developing innovative
biotechnological processes for waste conversion, resource recovery, and production of
bioproducts.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the principles and methods of DNA manipulation, gene cloning and
PCR process
CO2 Understand the basic principles of bioremediation of environmental pollutants
Explain the role of microbes in the degradation of environmental pollutants
CO3
CO4 Acquire skills in manipulating the microbes for the biodegradation of pollutants
and develop processes for waste bioconversion to value-added products
CO5 Apply the process for recovery of resources from different wastes and become an
entrepreneur/researcher in the area of Environmental Biotechnology.
CO1 * *
CO2 * *
CO3 *
CO4 * * * * *
CO5 * *
Unit I: Recombinant DNA Technology and Environment Contact Hours: 12

Introduction to Biotechnology - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome structure - DNA
modifying enzymes - Recombinant DNA Technology (R-DNA): Types, Tools, Techniques -
Cloning, Cloning vectors, Environmental Genome - Applications of R-DNA Technology in
Environment -PCR Techniques: Principles, types, and applications in Environmental
Biotechnology (K1, K2, K3, K4) - Role of Environmental Biotechnology in Sustainable
Development Goals (K3, K4, K5)
Unit II: Environmental Bioprocess Contact Hours: 12

Environmental decontamination: Principles, mechanisms and applications of
Biodegradation, Biosorption, Biotransformation, Bioaugmentation, and Biostimulation -
Bioremediation - Rhizoremediation - Mycoremediation - Phycoremediation - Bioleaching
and Biomining - Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) - Air Pollution Treatment:
Bioscrubber & Biofilters. (K3, K4, K4, K6). Case Study: Bioremediation of Emerging Pollutants.
Unit III: Biotechnology for Resource Recovery Contact Hours: 12

Biotechnology for Waste Management: Methods, Biochemical and Molecular insights of
Sewage Treatment Process - Activated Sludge Process, Anaerobic Treatment - Sludge
treatment: Aerobic Composting, Anaerobic Digestion (Biogas Production) - Sewage
Treatment using Algae - Nutrient Removal and Recovery. Solid Waste Treatment and
Resource Recovery (K3, K4, K5, K6). Case Study: Sludge Recycling.
Unit IV: Biotechnological Products for Environmental Contact Hours: 12

Applications
Biotechnological Products for Environmental Clean-up - Microbial biomass - Biosorbents -
Biosurfactants - Microbial biocatalyst: Lignocellulases, lipases, Dioxygenases -
Bioflocculants - Bioplastics - Biofertilizers - Biopesticides - Microbial fuels: Bioethanol,
Biobutanol, and Biohydrogen (K4, K5, K6). Case Study: Bioenergy.
Unit V: Environmental Biomonitoring Contact Hours: 12

Principles, Types, and Applications: Bioindicators, Biomarkers, Biosensors, and
Biocatalysts - Monitoring of water pollutants through Biosensors (K4, K5, K6) -
Biocatalysts - Immobilization of Biocatalysts for Pollutants Monitoring and Remediation
(K6). Case Study: Sensor-Based Remediation of Water Pollutants.
References
Text Books
1. Bharani A & K Senthilraja (2022) Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology an Insight
into its Latest Advancements. Scientific Publishers. ISBN: 9789390495177
2. Brown T A (1995) Gene cloning - A Introduction - Chapman & Hall, London.
3. Deepak V. et al., (2011) Microbial Biotechnology and Ecology, Daya Publishing House,
9788170356943
4. Mohapatra P K (2008) Text Book of Environmental Biotechnology. IK International Publishers
Ltd
5. Thakur I K (2013) Environmental Biotechnology: Basic Concepts and Applications. 2 nd
Edition.
Reference Books
1. Akinola Rasheed Popoola, Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles
Oluwaseun Adetunji, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi.
(2022) Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology for Sustainable Development. CRC Press,
ISBN 9780367767051
2. Alexander N Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido (1995) Microbial Biotechnology, WH Freeman and
Company, NY, USA.
3. Bernaral R. Glick and Jack J. Pastemak (1994) Molecular Biotechnology:
4. Bruce E. Rittmann, Perry L. McCarty (2020) Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and
Applications, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
5. Cheremisinoff N P (1997) Biotechnology for Waste and Wastewater Treatment. Science
Direct.
6. Daniel Vallero (2015) Environmental Biotechnology: A Biosystem Approach. 2 nd Edition,
Elsevier.
7. Fulekar M H (2010) Environmental Biotechnology, CRC Press.
8. Gothandam KM, Shivendu Ranjan, Nandita Dasgupta and Eric Lichtfouse (2020)
Environmental Biotechnology Volume 2, Springer Nature Switzerland.
9. Hemen Sarma, Delfina C. Dominguez, Wen-Yee Lee (2022) Emerging Contaminants in the
Environment Challenges and Sustainable Practices, Elsevier Science.
10. Indu Bhushan, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Vivek K. Singh (2020) Nanomaterials and
Environmental Biotechnology, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
11. Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Swagat Kumar Das, Hrudayanath Thatoi (2020) A
Practical Guide to Environmental Biotechnology, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
12. Neetu Sharma, Abhinashi Singh Sodhi, Navneet Batra (2021) Basic Concepts in
Environmental Biotechnology. CRC Press.
13. Old R W and Primrose S B (1994) Principles of Gene Manipulation. Blackwell Scientific
Publications, Oxford, UK.
14. Primrose SB (1994) Molecular Biotechnology, 2 nd edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
UK.
15. Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, ASM Press. Washington, DC USA.
16. Ram Lakhan Singh (2017) Principles and Applications of Environmental Biotechnology for a
Sustainable Future, Springer.
17. Shah Shachi, Venkatramanan V., Prasad Ram (2021) Bio-valorization of Waste, 1st ed.
Springer
18. Sukanta Mondal, Shivesh Pratap Singh, Yogendra Kumar Lahir (2022) Emerging Trends in
Environmental Biotechnology, CRC Press.
Web References
1. https://library.senecacollege.ca/
2. www.pollutionissues.com/A-Bo/Bioremediation.html
3. www.bioreactors.net
4 . https://dbtindia.gov.in/
5. www.wastewatertreatment.co.in
6. https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home
7. https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/biofuel-basics
8. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/51915
9. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/2913/291368646008/html/
10. https://www.netsolwater.com/biotechnology-and-its-use-in-sewage-water-
treatment.php?blog=1868
11. https://amapex.net/wastewater-treatment-biotechnology/?lang=en
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5609238/
13. https://www.cseindia.org/soil-bio-technology-sbt-3774
14. https://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/industrial-wastes/application-of-biotechnology-for-
industrial-waste-treatment.html
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750672/
16. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1513/htm
Core Course – IX
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
III 22UPEVS1C09 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To introduce the methodology of environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a vital tool
for sound environmental management and decision-making and to provide an
overview of the concepts, methods, issues and various forms and stages of the EIA
process.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Explain the major principles and components of EIA processes

CO2 List and comply with the environmental clearance procedures in India
CO3 Understand the methods used for EIA studies
Understand how to liaise with and the importance of stakeholders in the EIA
CO4
process and access different case studies/examples of EIA in practice
CO5 Summarize the EIA report with suitable environmental management plan

CO1 * * * * * *
CO2 * * * * * *
CO3 * * * * * *
CO4 * * * * * *
CO5 * * * * * *
Core Course – IX
Unit I EIA and Environmental Clearance in India Contact Hours: 12

Definition - Principles of EIA - Short-term and Long-term objectives - Evolution of EIA
worldwide and in India - Types of EIA: Rapid EIA, Comprehensive EIA and Strategic EIA -
General conditions for categorization of projects subject to EIA - Institutional Mechanism –
Projects subject to EIA (Category A, B1 and B2) Steps in EIA process - Stages and time
frame for obtaining Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC according to EIA
notification 2006 – Merits and Demerits of EIA (K1, K2 & K3) – EIA Draft 2020-\ – Validity
of EC for major projects according to EIA 2020 – Pros and Cons of EIA Draft 2020 (K4 &
K5)
Unit II Impact assessment and prediction Contact Hours: 12

Impact assessment: Impact characterization - Identifying impacted components -
Impacts on land, air, water, noise, biological, and socioeconomic environments (K5 &
K6) Impact prediction: EIA Methodologies - Adhoc Method – Checklist Approach – Matrix
Method - Network Methods – Overlay Method - ‘BEES’ (Battelle Environmental
Evaluation System) (K2, K3 & K4)
Public Participation, Preparation and Review of

Unit III Contact Hours: 12
EIA Report
Public participation: Objectives and procedures for Public Participation - Modes of public
consultation - Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Participation - Preparation and
Review of EIA Report: EIA Reports Content - Basis and Criteria for Evaluation of EIA
Reports and EIA (K2, K3 & K4)
Unit IV EIA case studies for major development projects Contact Hours: 12
Major Highways Projects - Airport - River valley Projects – Mining and quarrying -
Thermal and Hydroelectric Power Projects - Cement Industries (K3, K4, K5 & K6)
Unit V Environmental Management System Contact Hours: 12

Environmental Management System: Core elements of EMS - Benefits of EMS -
Certification body assessments of EMS - Documentation for EMS – ISO 14001 standard –
PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) in ISO 14001 Certification – Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) Plan in India (K4, K5 & K6)
Core Course – IX

References
Text Books
1. Canter LW (1996) Environmental Impact Assessment. McGraw Hill, New York.

2. EIA Manual (2001) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi.
3. Tor Hundloe (2021) Environmental Impact Assessment - Incorporating Sustainability
Principles, Springer Nature Switzerland.
Reference Books
1. Anjaneyulu Y and Valli Manickam (2021) Environmental Impact Assessment

Methodologies, B.S. Publications (ISBN: 9789391910495, 9391910491).
2. Anji Reddy Mareddy (2017) Environmental Impact Assessment - Theory and
Practice, BSP Books Pvt. Ltd., India.
3. Bregman JI (1999) Environmental Impact Statements. Lewis Publishers, London.
4. Carroll B, Fothergill J, Murphy J & Turpin T (2019) Environmental Impact
Assessment Handbook: A practical guide for planners, developers and
communities. ICE Publishing.
5. Christopher S and Mark Y (2007) Environmental Management Systems, (third
edition), Earthscan Publications, First South Asian Edition.
6. David LG and Stanley BD (2001) ISO 14000 Environmental Management, Prentice
Hall.
7. Eccleston CH (2011) Environmental Impact Assessment - A Guide to Best
Professional Practice, CRC Press, USA.
8. Hart SL (2019) Improving impact assessment: Increasing the relevance and
utilization of scientific and technical information. Routledge.
9. Peter Wathern (2015) Environmental Impact Assessment: Theory and Practice,
Taylor & Francis, London.
10. Singleton R, Castle, P and Sort, D (1999) Environmental Assessment, Thomas
Telford Publishing, London.
11. Whitelaw K and Butterworth (1997) ISO 14001: Environmental System Handbook.
Journal articles
1. Chowdhury N (2014) Environmental impact assessment in India: Reviewing two

decades of jurisprudence. IUCN Academy of Environmental Law eJournal, 5, 28-32.
2. Dilay A, Diduck AP, Patel K (2020) Environmental justice in India: a case study of
environmental impact assessment, community engagement and public interest
litigation. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 38(1):16-27.
3. Hegde M, Patel K, Diduck AP (2022) Environmental clearance conditions in impact
assessment in India: moving beyond greenwash. Impact Assessment and Project
Appraisal. 214-227.
4. Rathi AK (2022) Is “consideration of alternatives” in project level environmental
impact assessment studies in developing countries an eyewash: an Indian case-
study. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 65(3):418-440.
5. Singh GG, Lerner J, Mach M, Murray CC, Ranieri B, St‐Laurent GP.... & Chan KM
(2020) Scientific shortcomings in environmental impact statements internationally.
People and Nature 2(2):369-379.
Core Course – IX
Online resources
1. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/
2. www.fao.org/docrep/V8350E/v8350e06.htm
3. http://www.moef.nic.in/division/eia-manual
4. http://www.moef.nic.in/circulars
5. https://www.adb.org/documents/adb-environmental-assessment-guidelines
6. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Draft_EIA_2020.pdf
7. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Form-
1A/HomeLinks/GuidanceManual .htm
Core Course – X
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOINFORMATICS
III 22UPEVS1C10 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To introduce the principle, process and application of Remote Sensing and GIS, and to
impart practical knowledge on the use of environmental geoinformatics and its
techniques for environmental management.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Acquire adequate knowledge on principles and basic concept of environmental

geoinformatics
CO2 Understand the basic concept of GIS and its mechanisms and know the various
types of GPS systems
CO3 Learn to interpret satellite images and understand Image Classification
Techniques, Image enhancement
CO4 Use GPS for various environmental applications
CO5 Able to apply the tools of remote sensing and GIS for environmental disaster
management and conservation
CO1 * * *
CO2 *
CO3 * * * *
CO4 * * *
CO5 * *
Core Course – X
Unit I Environmental Geoinformatics Contact Hours: 12

Introduction - Principles of Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS - Electromagnetic Radiation:
EMR Spectrum and Properties - Use in Environmental Geoinformatics - Types of
Satellites, Sensors and Platforms - Geoinformatics in India (K1, K2)
Unit II Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Contact Hours: 12

Introduction - Components of GIS - Data structures: Vector and Raster data, Conversion
of Vector and Raster Data - GIS Layers, Map Registration, Map Projections - Geo
Referencing, Digitization and data attributes- Map data representation (K5, K6)
Unit III Global Positioning System (GPS) Contact Hours: 12

Introduction - Error Sources and Positioning, GPS Satellite Systems, Types of GPS
machines and its applications for surveying and mapping - Global Navigation Satellite
System (K1, K2, K3)
Unit IV Image Interpretation and Analysis Contact Hours: 12

Principles of Visual Interpretation: Recognition Elements and Interpretation keys - Image
Enhancement Techniques: Linear, Non-linear, Contrast Enhancement and Filtering -
Principles of Image Classification: Supervised Classification and Unsupervised
Classification (K2, K5, K6)
Unit V Applications of RS and GIS Contact Hours: 12

Landuse / landcover mapping, Resource mapping, Vegetation analysis, Climate Change
Studies, Urban Planning, Disaster Management, Hydrogeology, Pollution and Watershed
Management - Emerging new softwares for RS and GIS (K4, K5, K6)
References
Text Books
1. Chouhan T S (2020) Geoinformatics – Fundamentals and Applications, Scientific
Publishers.
2. George Joseph (2003) Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Universities Press
(India) Pvt Ltd., Hyderabad.
3. Burrough P. and McDonnel R A (1998) Principles of GIS. Oxford University
Press.
Reference Books
1. Chang K T (2006) Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. The
McGraw-Hill Publishers.
2. Michael N Demers (2008) Fundamentals of Geographical Information Systems.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Jenson J R (1996) Introductory Digital Image Processing: Prentice Hall Series.
4. Joseph Awange and John Kiema (2013) Environmental Geoinformatics: Monitoring
and Management. Springer Publications.
5. Bhatta B (2008) Remote Sensing and GIS. Oxford Publications.
Core Course – X
6. Kang Tsung Chang (2019) Introduction to Geographical Information System. 9th

Edition, McGraw Hill Publishers.
7. Anji Reddy M (2016) Geoinformatics for Environmental Management, BS
Publications.
8. Xuan Shu (2005) GIS for Environmental Applications: A P ractical Approach 1st
Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
Web References
1. https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers_2009/general/principlesremo
tesensing.pdf
2. https://crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/intro.htm
3. https://learn.canvas.net/courses/464/pages/unit-6-dot-2-basic-principles
4. http://www.ai.soc.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp/field_en/english_textbook/RemoteSensing_1.pdf
5. http://www.creaf.cat/earth-observation/gis-and-remote-sensing-methodologies-
and- applications
6. https://gisgeography.com/100-earth-remote-sensing-applications-uses/
7. https://dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_4518_0.pdf
Core Course – XI
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTATION
III 22UPEVS1C11 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To acquire students about various types of research methodologies, instrument and
their working principle, data process, report generation and to train the students to
handle various research instruments.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Know the types of r esearch and scientific databases, report writing and
plagiarism.
CO2 Choose the research thrust areas identify, and design research problems.
Understand the principles of research methods and instruments required for the
CO3
research experiments.
Apply their knowledge on instrumentation for analysis, and field works and
CO4
data collection.
CO5 Apply the software’s for statistical analysis and data interpretation.
CO1 *
CO2 * *
CO3 * *
CO4 * *
CO5 * * *
CO6 * * * *
Core Course – XI
Unit I Research Methods Contact Hours: 12

Basics of Fundamental and Applied Research, Types, scope, hypothesis (K1, K2) -
Outcome of research, experimental findings and interpretations, Collection of data and
analysis - Types of articles: Research and review articles, short communications, scientific
popular articles, reports, editorial note - Components of a Research Article - References -
Copyright Act - Plagiarism - Scientific ethics - Process of reviewing - Citation index: h-
index - i-10 index and SCI Impact factor (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II Analytical Equipment Contact Hours: 12

Principle, Working mechanism and applications of pH meter, Conductivity meter and
Nephlometer (K1, K2, K3) - Microcopy: Principles and Applications of light and electron
microscopes - Centrifuge: Types, function and applications (K4, K5) - Electrophoretic
Techniques: Principles, types and applications - Radioimmune assay techniques - ELISA
(K4, K5)
Unit III Separation Techniques Contact Hours: 12

Principle and concept of chromatography - stationary phase, mobile phase, partition and
adsorption, coefficients (K1, K2, K3) - Instrumentation and applications of Thin layer and
Ion-exchange Chromatography, HPLC, HPTLC,
Unit IV Spectrometry Contact Hours: 12
Principle and concept of Electromagnetic Radiation - Principle, Components, and
Applications of UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) – Liquid
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), GC-MS (K4, K5, K6)
Unit V Statistical Analyses Contact Hours: 12

Statistical Analysis: Sampling Methods and Data Collection - Questionnaire Survey,
Experiments and Field works. (K3, K4) Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median and
Mode - Merits and demerits - Measures of dispersion: Range, Standard Deviation,
Standard Error, Variance, Skewness and Kurtosis; Distribution - Normal, ‘t’ test and chi-
square test, Difference among means - ANOVA (K3, K4, K5) - Correlation and Regression -
Linear and Multiple - Introduction to statistical Software’s (SPSS, R, GraphPad Prism) (K3,
K4, K5, K6).
References
Text Books
1. Rt Kumar (2010) Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners,
SAGE Pub.
2. Gurumani N (2011) Research Methodology for Biological Science. MJP Publishers.
ISBN: 9788180940163
Reference Books
1. Christian G D (2001) Analytical Chemistry, 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc., India.
2. Khopkar S M (1993) Environmental Pollution Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Core Course – XI

3. Manahan SE (2007) Environmental Chemistry, 7th edition, Lewis Publications,
Florida, USA.
4. Banerjee P K (2004) Introduction to Biostatistics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
5. Manly, Bryan F J (2001) Statistics for Environmental Science and
Management, Chapman and Hall / CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
6. Skoog D A, Holler F J and Nieman T A (1980) Principles of Instrumental Analysis
–5th edition, Thomson Asia Pvt., Singapore.
7. Vogel A I (1998) Quantitative Analysis, 6th edition, Prentice Hall Inc., Willard H
H, Merrit L L and Dean J A (1976) Instrumental Methods of Analysis,
5 t h Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
8. Rastogi V B (2007) Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Ane Books India, New Delhi.
9. Wilson K and Walker J (2010) Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, 7th edition, Cambridge University Press.
Web References
1. https://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/forms/content/499e-research-methodology
2. www.computerhope.com/os.htm
3. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac665e/ac665e05.htm#TopOfPage
4. http://www.rss.hku.hk/plagiarism/page2s.htm
5. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bes2.1258
6. www.fao.org/docrep/W7295E/w7295e08.htm
7. https://chemistrynotesblog.wordpress.com/seperation-techniques/introduction-to-
separation-techniques-2/
8. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-05/documents/402-b-04-001b-
14-final.pdf
9. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Proteomics/Protein_Identification_-
_Mass_Spectrometry/Types_Mass_Spectrometry
Core Course – XII
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICIES
IV 22UPEVS1C12 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To introduce the students to the vast field of Law and Policies both at the National
and International level relating to the environment.
Course Outcomes
CO1
Understand environmental legislation and policies of National and
International regime.
CO2 Have an insight into major acts and rules applicable for pollution control and
natural resource conservation.
CO3 To develop the skills needed for interpreting laws, policies and judicial
decisions about the environment.
CO4 Know regulations applicable to industries and other organizations with
significant environmental aspects.
CO5 Apply the legislation concepts for solving the local environmental
problems.
CO1 * *
CO2 *
CO3 * *
CO4 * *
CO5 *
Core Course – XII
Unit I Environmental Legislation Contact Hours: 12

Constitutional provisions in India (Article 48A and 51A), Duties and responsibilities of
Indian citizens for environmental protection - Environmental Regulatory Framework in
India - Central and State boards for the prevention and control of environmental pollution
- Powers and functions of Pollution Control Boards, Penalties and procedure (K1, K2)
Unit II Environmental Laws and their amendments Contact Hours: 12

in India
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 amendments1991 - Forest Conservation Act, 1980 - Indian
Forest Act, Revised 1982 - Biological Diversity Act, 2002 - Water (Prevention and Control
of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended 1988 and Rules 1975 - Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 amended 1987 and Rules 1982 - Environmental (Protection) Act,
1986 and Rules 1986 amendments 2022 - Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 - Public Liability and
Insurance Act, 1991 - National Green Tribunal Act 2010 - ESA and ESZ Notifications (K1,
K2)
Unit III Rules for Environmental Protection in India Contact Hours: 12

The Hazardous and other Waste (Management and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2016 - Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2022 - The Bio-Medical
Waste Management Rules, 2016 - The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 - The e-waste
(Management) Rules 2016 with amendments 2022 - The Construction and Demolition
Waste Management Rules, 2016 - The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous
Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000 - Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022 - Noise
Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 - Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ) 1991
amended from time to time - National Forest Policy, 1988 - Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972,
National Water Policy, 2012 - National Environmental Policy, 2006 - Atomic Energy Rules,
1987 - Vehicular emission norms in India (K1, K2)
Unit IV International Treaties and Conventions Contact Hours: 12

Stockholm Conference on Human Environment 1972 - Montreal Protocol 1987 - Basel
Convention (1989, 1992) - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971) - Earth Summit at Rio
de Janeiro 1992, Agenda 21 - Global Environmental Facility (GEF) - Convention on
Biodiversity (1992) - UNFCCC, IPCC, UNEP, IGBP - Kyoto Protocol 1997, Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM), Copenhagen Summit 2009, COP 21 Paris Agreement
2015, COP 26 Glasgow Summit 2021, IPCC Climate Report 2021 - Earth Summit at
Johannesburg 2002, RIO+20 - UNDP Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 (K1,
K2, K5, K6)
Unit V Major Initiatives/Policies from Union and State Contact Hours: 12

Governments
National Policies for Environmental Protection in India: National River Conservation
Plan (NRCP), National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), Ganga Action Plan Phase I
and II, Green India Mission - Environmental Clearances: National Environmental
Assessment and Monitoring Authority (NEAMA) - National Green Corps (NGC) - National
Missions on Environment – EV Policy in Tamil Nadu - National Policy on Biofuels-2018
Amendment, 2022 - National Hydrogen Policy 2022 (K4, K5, K6)
Core Course – XII
References
Text Books
1. Leelakrishnan P (2000) Environmental Law in India, Butterworths India
Publishers.
2. Maheshwara Swamy N (2010) Textbook on Environmental Law, Asia Law
House Publishers.
3. Environmental Administration & Law - Paras Diwaa.
4. Environmental Planning, Policies & Programs in India - K.D. Saxena.
5. Shyam Divan and Armin Rosencranz (2005) Environmental Law and Policy in
India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
6. Leelakrishnan P ( 2008) Environmental Law Case Book, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths.
Reference Books
1. Gurudeep Singh (2005) Environmental Law in India, McMillan, New Delhi.

2. Shyam Diwan and Armin Rosencrany (2001) Environmental Law and Policy in
India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
3. Singh G (1995) Environmental Law: International & National Perspectives.
4. Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (1999) Pollution Control Legislation
Vol. I and II, Chennai.
5. Maheshwara Swamy (2008) Textbook on Environmental Law, (2nd Edn.), Asia Law
House, Hyderabad,
6. Khan I A (2002) Environmental Law, (2nd Edn.), Central Law Agency, Allahabad.
7. Asthana D K and Meera Asthana (2001) Environment Problems and Solutions,
nd
(2 Edn.), S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Shantakumar S (2005) Introduction to Environmental Law, (2nd Edn.), Wadhwa &
Company, Nagpur.
9. Shastri SC (2008) Environmental Law, (3rd Edn.), Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
Web References
1. cpcb.nic.in/
2. www.tnpcb.gov.in/
3. www.thesummitbali.com/
4. envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html
5. edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm
6. envfor.nic.in/legis/crz/crznew.html
7. rti.gov.in/
8. www.ngosindia.com/resources/pil.php
Elective Course – I
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E01 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To make the student understand the major components of the marine environment and to
enable the students with biomedicinal compounds from marine Bioresources. To enrich
the students in areas of Probiotics and transgenic fish.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Awareness on the physical and chemical elements present in marine environment.
CO2 Knowledge on the biodiversity of different organisms in marine environment

Understand the bioactive compounds of the marine resources
CO3
Application of marine organisms for production of antibiotics.
CO4
CO5 Knowledge on Probiotics microbes to enhanced the aquaculture biotechnology
CO1 *
CO2 *
CO3 *
CO4 * *
CO5 *
Elective Course – I
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit I Introduction to Marine Biotechnology Contact Hours: 12

Introduction of Marine Biotechnology - Definition, tools and application - Physical and
chemical oceanography - Marine Environment - Deep Sea - Coral reef - Estuaries -
Mangrove ecosystems - Diversity of Plankton- Phytoplankton - Zooplankton. (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II Ecology of Marine Biotechnology Contact Hours: 12

Ecology of marine flora and fauna - Microscopic (Bacteria, Fungi, Microalgae) -
Macroscopic (Sponge and fishes) - Marine Plants-Seaweeds - Seagrasses - Mangrove and
their associate plants - Live feed culture Technology - Artemia - Rotifer - Microalgae. (K1,
K2, K3)
Unit III Marine Microorganisms Contact Hours: 12

Drugs from Marine organisms - Sponge- Coral - Seaweeds- Seagrasses - Mangrove - Drugs
from Marine Microbes - Bacteria - Fungi - Actinomycetes - Drugs from marine microalgae
Cyanobacteria – Blue-green algae (K1, K2, K3)
Unit IV Application of Marine Biotechnology Contact Hours: 12

Biotechnological application of Marine Enzymes - Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Cellulases,
from microalgal, Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes - Marine Polysaccharides - Alginic acid -
Agar Agar - Carrageen from marine seaweeds (K3, K4, K5, K6)
Unit V Aquaculture Biotechnology Contact Hours: 12

Aquaculture Biotechnology-Microbial disease - Vibriosis – Aeromonosis - Viral Disease
WSSV (White Spot Syndrome Viral infection) - IHHNV (Infections Hypodermal and
Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus) - Probiotics Microbe - Bacteria - Fungi used for Fin and
Shell fish’s production (K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Kim, S. K. “Handbook of Marine Biotechnology”, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg,
London New York, 2015.
2. Lavens, P. and Sorgerloos, P. “Manual on the production and use of live food for
aquaculture”, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations,
Rome, 1996.
3. Pillay, T.V.R. and Kutty, M.N. “Aquaculture Principles and Practices”, Blackwell
Publishing Asia Pvt. Ltd, Australia, Second Edition, 2005.
Reference Books
1. Hart, P.J.B. and Reynolds, J.D. “Hand Book of Fish biology and Fisheries-Fish
Biology Vol-1,” Blackwell Science Pvt. Ltd, USA, 2004.
2. Ravi Shankar, P. “Fish Biology and Ecology”, University College of Science,
Osmania University, Hyderabad, 2006.
Elective Course - II
MICROBIAL ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E02 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To provide the students with knowledge, understanding, analytical skills in enzymes,
their functions, catalytic mechanisms, kinetics, and enzyme applications in various
fields.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the types, classification, sources, and mechanisms of enzymes
and enzyme properties.
CO2 Describe methods of isolation, purification and characterization of enzymes and
their kinetics.
CO3 Distinguish the different processes employed in enzyme immobilization and
stabilization.
CO4 Identify the various types of enzymes applied in different industries.
CO5 Recognize the role of enzymes in various environmental applications.
CO1 * *
CO2 * *
CO3 * *
CO4 *
CO5 * * * *
Unit I: Introduction to Enzymes Contact Hours: 12

Enzymes - Classification, chemical and structural components, sources, types, general
properties and functions - Structure: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure of enzymes - Mechanisms of enzyme action - Techniques used in enzymatic
analysis - Commercial values of enzymes. (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II: Enzyme Production, Purification and Characterization Contact Hours: 12

Enzyme production methods - enzyme production media - Submerged fermentation (SmF)
and solid-state fermentation (SSF) - Optimization of enzyme production - Methods of
enzyme purification: Isolation and chromatographic fractionation - Characterization of
enzymes and enzyme kinetics. (K1, K2, K3, K4)
Unit III: Biogeochemical Cycles Contact Hours: 12

Methods of enzyme immobilization - Physical adsorption, ionic and covalent bonds,
binding, entrapment, encapsulation, and cross-linking. Organic and inorganic enzyme
immobilization carriers - Natural and synthetic enzyme carriers - Stabilization and
Application of immobilized enzymes. (K3, K4, K5)
Unit IV: Industrial Applications of Enzymes Contact Hours: 12

Overview of applications of enzymes in biotechnology and various industries – Industrial
enzymes - Biotransformation and biocatalysis with crude enzymes, purified enzymes,
immobilized enzymes, and whole cell biocatalyst. Extremozymes and their applications.
(K1, K2, K3,
Unit V: Environmental Applications of Enzymes Contact Hours: 12

Microbial enzymes in environmental applications - Enzymes for soil decontamination and
detoxification - Enzymes for water and wastewater treatment and remediation - Enzymes
for dehalogenation of organic pollutants - Enzyme catalyzed transformation and
detoxification of heavy metals - Role of enzymes in pollution monitoring - Enzymes for
waste management.
References
Text Books
1. Aditya Arya, Amit Kumar, Jayanti Jha (2018) Understanding Enzymes: An
Introductory Text. Drawing Pin Publishing, New Delhi, India. ISBN: 9788193674000.
2. Devasena, T. (2010) Enzymology, Oxford University Press, India. ISBN:
9780198064435
3. Khan, M Y. and Khan F. (2015) Principles of Enzyme Technology, PHI Learning Pvt
Ltd. ISBN: 9788120350410.
4. Nicholas C. Price (2009) Fundamentals of Enzymology, 3rd Edition. Oxford University
Press. ISBN: 9780198064398.
5. Prasad N K. Enzyme Technology: Pacemaker of Biotechnology (2012) Prentice-Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 9788120342392.
6. Shanmugam S. and Sathishkumar T. (2009) Enzyme Technology. I K International
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 9789380026053
Reference Books
1. Alka Dwevedi (2016) Enzyme Immobilization. Springer. ISBN: 9783319414188

2. Andreas Vogel, Oliver May (2019) Industrial Enzyme Applications, Wiley‐VCH
Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. ISBN: 9783527343850
3. Bernhard Sonnleitner (2020) Bioanalysis and Biosensors For Bioprocess
Monitoring, Springer Nature (Sie) ISBN: 9783662599204
4. Dayananda K. S. (2017) Protein Purification: Theory and Techniques. Viva Books
Private Limited. ISBN: 9788130900384
5. Fu J (2016) Immobilized Enzyme Principles, Auris Publishing. ISBN:
9781781548431
6. Neha Srivastava, P.K Mishra, S. N. Upadhyay (2020) Industrial Enzymes for
Biofuels Production. ISBN: 9780128210109
7. Peter Grunwald (2009) Biocatalysis Biochemical Fundamentals and Applications.
ISBN: 9781860947445
Web References
1. https://www.phindia.com/Books/BookDetail/9788120350410/principles-of-
enzyme-technology-khan-khan
2. https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/
3. https://enzyme.expasy.org/
4. https://www.enzyme-database.org/class.php
5. https://www.genome.jp/kegg/annotation/enzyme.html
6. https://comis.med.uvm.edu/vic/coursefiles/MD540/MD540-
Protein_Methods_Learning_Module_10400_593281210/Protein-
methods/Protein_Methods_print.html
7. http://dedicaciontotal.udelar.edu.uy/adjuntos/produccion/465_academicas__acad
emicaarchivo.pdf
8. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.202006648
9. https://www.easybiologyclass.com/enzyme-cell-immobilization-techniques/
10. https://www.cheric.org/files/education/cyberlecture/e200405/e200405-201.pdf
11. https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/352734683X_c01.pdf
Elective Course – III
ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E03 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
The purpose of this course is to provide background, principles, development of
nanomaterials and their applications pertaining to remediation of environmental
contaminants, water purification, and to understand the impact of nanomaterials
on environment.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the background of nanotechnology and its importance

CO2 Understand different types of nanomaterials and their use
CO3 Obtain knowledge on synthesis the of nanomaterials by different methods
CO4 Acquire knowledge on characterization and properties of the nanomaterials
CO5 Understand the application of nanomaterials for the degradation of
environmental pollutants
CO1 *
CO2 *
CO3 *
CO4 * *
CO5 *
Unit I: Introduction to Nanotechnology Contact Hours: 12

Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Nanoscale Properties - Electrical,
Optical, Chemical (K1, K2) - Bio-nanotechnology, environmental nanotechnology,
Nanotechnology Health risk, Nanotechnology- Ethics, Environmental Regulations of
Nanomaterials (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II: Types of Nanomaterials Contact Hours: 12

Types of Nanomaterials - Natural Nanomaterials: Nano Biomaterials, Natural
adsorbents, polymer adsorbents, viral adsorbents, Biopolymers, Nanobacterium;
Engineered Nanomaterials - Carbon-based nanomaterials (K1, K2) - Fullerenes, Carbon
Nanotubes; Graphenes, Metal-based Nanomaterials - Metal and Metal oxide
Nanoparticles; Dendrimers - Nanocomposites - Nonporous materials.
Unit III: Synthesis and Characterization of Contact Hours: 12

Nanomaterials
General methods for synthesis of nanomaterials - Bottom-up approach - Top-down
approach - Physical methods - ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapour deposition,
sputter deposition, evaporation; Chemical methods - chemical reduction, sol-gel method,
photochemical synthesis, electrochemical synthesis, emulsion synthesis, sonochemical
methods, microwave-assisted synthesis; Biological methods - Green synthesis of
nanoparticles using microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi and plants metabolites (K1, K2,
K3)
Unit IV: Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials Contact Hours: 12

Nanomaterials for environmental remediation - Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI),
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles - Bimetallic nanoparticles - Silver nanoparticles - Metal
oxide nanoparticles - Nanoadsorbents - Nanocatalysts - Nanoflocculant. Degradation and
transformation of environmental pollutants - Halogenated Organic Solvents, Persistent
Organic Pollutants, PPCPs, dyes, explosives, toxic heavy metals - arsenic and chromium.
Nanoremediation - Ground Water Remediation - Permeable Reactive Barrier - Air
purification - Soil remediation. (K3, K4, K5, K6) - Nano biosensors - types and
applications.
Unit V: Environmental Impacts of Nanomaterials Contact Hours: 12

Engineered Nanomaterials - environmental contamination, exposure, behavior, risks and
impacts in water and soil environment - Harmful effects of engineered nanomaterials on
Human, Animal Health (K1, K2), Microbial community structure and functions and
bioaccumulation - cytotoxic - genotoxic effects (K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Pradeep T (2008) Nano: The Essentials - Understanding Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Tata Mc. Graw Hill Professional.
2. Rao C N R, Muller A, Cheetham A K (2004) The Chemistry of nanomaterials:
Synthesis, Properties and Applications.
Reference Books
1. Jeff Norton (2019) Green Nanotechnology, Callisto Reference ISBN: 978-

1641161336
2. Giusy Lofrano, Giovanni Libralato, and Jeanette Brown (2017) Nanotechnologies
for Environmental Remediation. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-319-53162-5
3. Sung Hee Joo, (2016) Applying Nanotechnology for Environmental Sustainability,
IGI Global Publisher.
4. Niemeyer C M, Mirkin C A, (2004) Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications
and Perspectives, Wiley VCH.
5. Mirkin C A, Niemeyer C M (2007) Nanobiotechnology - II more concepts and
applications, Wiley VCH.
6. Zhang T C, Hu Z, Surampalli R, Tyagi R D, Lai K C K, and Lao I Mc, (2009)
Nanotechnologies for Water Environment Applications. American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE) Publications.
7. Mark Wiesner and Jean-Yves Bottero, (2007) Environmental Nanotechnology:
Applications and Impacts of Nanomaterials, McGraw, Hill Professional.
8. Simeonova P P, Opopol N, and Luster M I, (2006) Nanotechnology - Toxicological
Issues and Environmental Safety, Springer.
9. Poole C P, and Jr. Owens F J (2003) Introduction to Nano Technology Wiley India
Pvt. Ltd.
Web References
1. http://www.gogreenmechanisms.com/service/environment-audit/
2. http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned%20reports/PROBES%2050%20Guidelines%20for%20Environmental%20Audit.pdf
3. http://kb.icai.org/pdfs/PDFFile5b28e322df0fd2.63902464.pdf
4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/ecodesign
5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/cleaner-
production
6. https://www.gdrc.org/sustdev/concepts/02-c-prod.html
7. http://www.cprac.org/en/sustainable/production/cleaner
8. https://isoconsultantkuwait.com/2019/06/21/iso-140012015-environment-
management-system/
9. https://blogs.rsc.org/en/category/board-news/
Elective Course – IV
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E04 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To learn the screening of industrial strains, fermenters, media, fermentation and
downstream processes and to promote the applications of microbes in various industries.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Learn the basics of screening and storage of industrially important

microorganisms
CO2 Learn the basics of the fermentor and its types
Learn the production of industrially important fermentation medium
CO3
Develop knowledge about industrial products and their types of the fermentation
CO4
process
CO5 Develop knowledge about the various biosafety levels of industrial microbiology
CO1 *
CO2 * * *
CO3 * * *
CO4 * *
CO5 * * *
Elective Course – IV
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Screening of industrially important microbes - Primary and Secondary screening
techniques - Strain development - Preservation: Mineral oil and Lyophilization - Inoculum
preparation and Inoculum build-up (K1, K2)
Unit II Fermentor and its types Contact Hours: 12

Fermentor: Basic design parts and function - Types of fermentor: Batch, CSTF, Tower
fermentor and packed bed bioreactor - Computer applications in fermentation technology
(K1, K2)
Unit III Raw materials for fermentation Contact Hours: 12

Ideal production medium - Raw materials: Carbon sources (molasses, cheese whey and
sulfite waste liquor) - Lipid sources (hydrocarbons and vegetable oils) - Nitrogen sources
(corn steep liquor and soya bean meal) (K1, K2, K3)
Unit IV Types of fermentation Contact Hours: 12

Fermentation Types: Aerobic fermentation (Penicillin, Vitamin B12), Anaerobic (Ethanol),
Solid state (Gibberellic acid) - Organic acid (Citric acid) (K1, K2, K3)
Unit V Downstream process Contact Hours: 12

Downstream process - Solid-liquid separation, flotation, flocculation, filtration,
centrifugation, release of intracellular products - Cell disruption - Mechanical, chemical
and enzymatic, Concentration, evaporation, extraction, membrane filtration, precipitation,
purification by chromatography - Formulation - Biosafety levels - Type I, II, III and IV. (K1,
K3, K4)
References
Text Books
1. Casida LE Jr, (1993) Industrial Microbiology, 5th edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New
Delhi.
2. Crueger W and Crueger A, (2000) Biotechnology: A Test Book of Industrial
Microbiology, 2nd edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. .
3. Glazer NA and Nikaido H, (2007) Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of
Applied Microbiology, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.
4. Sathyanarayana U, (2017) Biotechnology, Book and Allied (P) Ltd.
Reference Books
1. Patel A H, (2005) Industrial Microbiology, MacMillan India Ltd, Chennai.

2. Peppler H J and Pearlman D, (2004) Microbial Technology – Fermentation
Technology, Vol.1 and 2, 2nd edition, Academic Press, London.,
3. Prescott L M, Harley J P and Helin D A, (2002) Microbiology, 5th edition,
McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Stanbury P F, (2008) Principles of Fermentation Technology, Elsevier
Publications.
5. Glazer A N and Nikaido H, (2007) Microbial Biotechnology. Second edition.
Cambridge University Press.
Elective Course – V
PHYTOREMEDIATION
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E05 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
The aim of this course is to introduce students to various novel, eco-friendly
phytotechnologies used for decontamination programmes globally.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the different types and sources of pollutants and learn how to identify
metalliferous habitat types
CO2 Acquire knowledge in different categories of phytotechnologies for the remediation
of contaminated substrates
CO3 Understand the basic strategies of metal tolerance mechanism in plants and
identify plant species that can be used for phytoremediation
CO4 Understand the important role of hyperaccumulator plants in the conservation of
the environment, and will be able to apply their knowledge
CO5 Discuss the practical problems and their solutions, through case studies

CO1 * * *
CO2 * * *
CO3 * *
CO4 * * * *
CO5 * * * * *
PHYTOREMEDIATION
Unit I Pollutants and metalliferous habitats Contact Hours: 12

Types and Sources of organic and inorganic pollutants– Emerging contaminants (K1, K2) -
Extent of global soil pollution (K1, K2) - Classification of primary and secondary
metalliferous habitats: Serpentine soils, Calamine soils, Soils rich in Cu and/or Co and
Seleniferous soils (K3, K4, K5)
Unit II Categories of phytoremediation Contact Hours: 12

Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Phytodegradation, Phytovolatilization, Rhizofiltration,
Blastofiltration (K1, K2) - Role of PGPR and AMF in phytoremediation (K3, K4, K5)
Unit III Phytoextraction Contact Hours: 12

Strategies of phytoextraction: Natural and chelate-assisted hyperaccumulation (K1, K2) -
Bioavailability of metals for plant uptake (K1, K2) - Basic strategies for metal tolerance
(accumulator, indicator, excluder) (K3, K4, K5) - Heavy metal stress response to plants
(K4, K5)
Unit IV Role of hyperaccumulators in phytoextraction Contact Hours: 12

Threshold values and biological factor for hyperaccumulators (K1, K2)-Hyperaccumulators
for remediation of metal contaminated sites (K3, K4, K5) - Criteria for selection of
hyperaccumulators (K1, K2, K3) - Geographical distribution of hyperaccumulators (K2,
K3, K4) - Advantages and limitations of phytoextraction (K5) - Disposal and utilization of
phytoremediation plants containing heavy metals (K4, K5)
Unit V Global Case Studies Contact Hours: 12

Global remediation industry and trends (K4, K5) - Phytomining of Nickel (Ni) - Agromining
- Global target regions for phytomining/Agromining - Benefits of agromining agrosystems
(K3, K4, K5) - Phytoremediation of Selenium in California (K4, K5) - Phytostabilization of
mine tailings (K4, K5) - Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to detect and recover
contaminated soils (K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Antony van der Ent, Guillaume Echevarria, Alan J.M. Baker and Jean Louis Morel
(2018) Agromining: Farming for Metals - Extracting Unconventional Resources
Using Plants, Springer International Publishing AG.
2. Junaid Ahmad Malik (2022) Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for
Sustainable Soil Management - Principles, Monitoring and Remediation, Springer
Nature Switzerland AG.
Reference Books
1. Bhanse P, Kumar M, Singh L, Awasthi MK and Qureshi A, (2022) Role of plant

growth-promoting rhizobacteria in boosting the phytoremediation of stressed soils:
Opportunities, challenges, and prospects. Chemosphere, 134954.
2. Bolan NS, Kirkham MB and Ok YS, (2018) Spoil to Soil: Mine Site Rehabilitation
and Revegetation, CRC Press, USA.
3. Dharmendra K. Gupta, (2013) Plant-Based Remediation Processes, Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg.
4. Khalid Hakeem, Muhammad Sabir, Munir Ozturk and Ahmet Mermut, (2015) Soil
Remediation and Plants Prospects and Challenges, Academic Press.
PHYTOREMEDIATION
5. Kuldeep Bauddh, John Korstad, and Pallavi Sharma, (2020) Phytorestoration of

Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites, Elsevier Science.
6. Naser A. Anjum, Maria E. Pereira, Iqbal Ahmad, Armando C. Duarte, Shahid Umar
and Nafees A. Khan, (2013) Phytotechnologies Remediation of Environmental
Contaminants, CRC Press, USA.
7. Prasad MNV, Paulo Jorge de Campos Favas and Subodh Kumar Maiti, (2018) Bio-
Geotechnologies for Mine Site Rehabilitation, Elsevier Science.
8. Prasad MNV, (2021) Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable
Remediation Technology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
9. Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli, Gowhar Hamid Dar and
Khalid Rehman Hakeem, (2021) Phytoremediation - Biotechnological Strategies for
Promoting Invigorating Environs, Elsevier Science.
10. Vimal Chandra Pandey, (2022) Assisted Phytoremediation, Elsevier Science.
11. Vineet Kumar, Sushil Kumar Shahi, Maulin P. Shah, (2022) Phytoremediation
Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and
Water, Elsevier Science.
Journal articles
1. Chengatt A P, Sarath N G, Sebastian D P, Mohanan N S, Sindhu E S, George S and

Puthur J T, (2022) Chelate assisted phytoextraction for effective rehabilitation of
heavy metal(loid)s contaminated lands. International Journal of Phytoremediation,
1-16.
2. Karalija E, Selović A, Bešta‐Gajević R and Šamec D, (2022) Thinking for the future:
Phytoextraction of cadmium using primed plants for sustainable soil clean‐up.
Physiologia Plantarum, 174(4): e13739.
3. Liu Z and Tran K Q, (2021) A review on disposal and utilization of phytoremediation
plants containing heavy metals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
226:112821.
4. Nedjimi B (2021) Phytoremediation: a sustainable environmental technology for
heavy metals decontamination. SN Applied Sciences, 3:286.
5. Rajendran S, Priya T A K, Khoo K S, Hoang T K, Ng H S, Munawaroh H S H, ... &
Show PL (2022) A critical review on various remediation approaches for heavy metal
contaminants removal from contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 287:132369.
Online resources
1. https://www.epa.gov/wqc/contaminants-emerging-concern-including-
pharmaceuticals-and-personal-care-products
2. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/soil-pollution-hidden-reality
3. https://www.eea.europa.eu/signals/signals-2020/articles/land-and-soil-pollution
4. https://www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership/resources/highlights/detail /en/c/
1398176/
5. https://resoilfoundation.org/en/environment/fao-soil-pollution-report/
6. https://grist.org/science/phytomining-nickel-kinabalu-park-malaysia/
7. https://kiwiscience.com/phytomining.html
8. https://www.life-agromine.com/en/388-2/
9. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/trees-that-bleed-metal-could-help-
power-the-future/100051066
10. https://www.tn.gov/environment/permit-permits/water-permits1/surface-mining-
permit/mining-land-reclamation.html
Elective Course VI
Engineering Designs for Waste Management and Energy
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E06 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To gain awareness of environmental pollution and its types, sources, effects,

monitoring & control techniques, and to understand the fundamental principles
governing the interactions between transport of pollutants in the environment.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the principle of different wastewater treatment engineering

systems.
CO2 Have a clear understanding of various types of aerobic treatment reactors
and their designs.
Explain the anaerobic processes and their types and products.
CO3
Understand the processes of design and operation of clean energy systems
CO4
Apply relevant techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools to design
CO5
treatment reactors.
CO1 * * *
CO2 *
CO3 *
CO4 * *
CO5 * * *
Elective Course VI
Unit I: Design and Principles of Pre and Primary Water Treatment Hours: 12
Water Treatment Process - Overview- Sewer system - design of sewers, estimation

of sewage flow. Principle and design of screens, equalization tank, grit chambers,
rectangular and circular coagulation, and flocculation tank, and sedimentation tank.
Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) - Design for a Small Community level
Unit II: Design and Principles of Aerobic Treatment Hours: 12
Principles and design of aerobic biological treatment of sewage - Activated sludge

process, Oxidation Ditch, Aerobic lagoons, Trickling filters, Sequencing batch reactors,
Fluidized-bed bioreactors - Nutrient removal and pathogen reduction.
Unit III: Design and Principles of Anaerobic Treatment Hours: 12
Design of facilities for anaerobic treatment of wastewater and sludge (K5) -

Anaerobic digesters and septic tanks, Anaerobic filters, Up-flow anaerobic sludge
blanket reactor - Sludge thickening and digestion - Biogas production - Sludge
dewatering process, Biosolids - drying and disposal.
Unit IV: Design and Principles of Air Pollution Control Devices Hours: 12
Principle and design of minimum stack height - Settling chamber - Cyclone collector
- Fabric filter and Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) - Scrubbers.
Unit V: Wind Mill, Solar Panel Designs Hours: 12
Wind Turbines- Types - Site Assessment- Turbine, Wind Tower, Foundation, Offshore
Turbine - Design. Solar Panels - Types, Specifications Solar Cells - Generic Product
Design and Development Process, Energy Output.
References
1. P. Venugopala Rao (2002). Textbook of Environmental Engineering PHI

Learning Pvt. Ltd.
2. N. N. Basak (2017). Environmental Engineering Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company.
3. Air Pollution Control Technology Manual (1998) Overseas Environmental
Cooperation Center, Japan.
4. Anne Maczulak (2010) Environmental Engineering: Designing a Sustainable
Future, Infobase Publishing, NY, USA.
5. Louis Theodore (2008) Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations, John
Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
Elective Course VI

6. Mihelcic JR, Fry LM, Myre EA, Phillips L and Barkdoll BD (2009) Field Guide to
Environmental Engineering for Development Workers - Water, Sanitation, and
Indoor Air, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA.
7. Pawlowski A, Dudzinska MR and Pawlowski L (2013) Environmental
Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
8. Banshi D. Shukla, (2018) Engineering of Wind Energy, 1st edition Jain Brothers,
India
9. Povl Brøndsted and Rogier P.L. Nijssen (Ed.) (2013). Advances in Wind Turbine
Blade Design and Materials, Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy.
10. Tiwari G. N. (2012) Energy: Fundamentals, Design, Modelling and Application
(Revised Edition), Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. - New Delhi.
11. Yogi Goswami, D. (2015) Principles of Solar Engineering, 3rd Edition, CRC
Press.
Online Resources
1. http://www.suez-environnement.com/design-construction-water-plants/
2. https://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Sewerage/Sewerage_Strategy/index.html
3. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c09/e4-11-05.pdf
4. http://onsite.tennessee.edu/Aerobic%20Treatment%20&%20ATUs.pdf
5. http://www.thomasnet.com/products/air-pollution-control-equipment-780809-1.html
6. https://www.env.go.jp/earth/coop/coop/document/01-apctme/contents.html
7. https://engineeringonline.ucr.edu/blog/what-are-advanced-water-treatment-processes/
8. http://gcus.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ebd9e233be72625b03c96047573177f9.pdf
9. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:808135/FULLTEXT02.pdf
10 https://www.host.nl/en/biogas-plants/sludge-treatment/
11. https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/smart-energy-design-notes-solar-systems/
12. https://courses.edx.org/c4x/DelftX/ET.3034TU/asset/solar_energy_v1.1.pdf
13. https://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/wind-energy/wind-turbine-design.html
14. https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-031410-225604/ unrestricted/
Turbine_MQP.pdf
,
Elective Course - VII
BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOECONOMY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E07 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To mainly focus on understanding the different types of in situ and ex situ
bioremediation techniques and acquire extensive knowledge pertaining to sustainable
bioeconomy opportunities from these techniques.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the principles, types and factors influencing bioremediation

Acquire knowledge of different types of bioremediation techniques including
CO2
phytoremediation
CO3 Explore the knowledge in different ex situ bioremediation technologies with
advantages and limitations
Understand the advanced technologies like nanomaterials used for
CO4
bioremediation
CO5 Explore the knowledge pertaining to sustainable bioeconomy opportunities from
these techniques

CO1 * * * * *
CO2 * * * * * *
CO3 * * * * * *
CO4 * * * *
CO5 * * * * *
Unit I Bioremediation: Principles and Applications Contact Hours: 12

Introduction – Principles of bioremediation - Types of bioremediations - Factors affecting
bioremediation process (K1, K2) - Application of bioremediation in environmental
management (K3, K4, K5)
Unit II In-situ bioremediation techniques Contact Hours: 12

Intrinsic in situ bioremediation (K1, K2) - Enhanced in-situ bioremediation (K1, K2) -
Bioventing - Biosparging - Bioaugmentation - Bioslurping - Biostimulation (K3, K4, K5) -
Phytoremediation: Phytoextraction, Phytodegradation, Phytostabilization,
Phytovolatilization, Rhizofiltration (K3, K4, K5) - Advantages and Disadvantages (K5)
Unit III Ex-situ bioremediation techniques Contact Hours: 12

Solid-phase treatment - Slurry-phase bioremediation - Land farming - Biopiling -
Biocomposting - Bioreactors (K3, K4, K5) - Advantages and Disadvantages (K5)
Unit IV Recent advances and challenges in bioremediation Contact Hours: 12

Nanomaterials used for remediation of environmental contaminants - Application of
metal nanomaterials - Microbial nano-biomolecules in the removal of pollutants -
Challenges and opportunities in bioremediation of micro-nano plastics (K4, K5) -
Challenges in bioremediation (from lab to land) (K5)
Unit V Sustainable bioeconomy opportunities Contact Hours: 12
Sustainable bioremediation prospects of rice paddies - Ornamental plants for

phytoremediation and bioeconomy - Utilization of contaminated lands for cultivation of
dye-producing plants - Prosopis juliflora and Giant reed as potential candidates for
remediation and sustainable bioeconomy - Phycoremediation for biofuels and bioeconomy
(K3, K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Amitava Rakshit, Manoj Parihar, Binoy Sarkar, Harikesh B. Singh, and Leonardo
Fernandes Fraceto, (2021) Bioremediation Science - From Theory to Practice, CRC
Press, USA.
2. Prasad M N V, (2016) Bioremediation and Bioeconomy. Elsevier Inc.
Reference Books
1. Junaid Ahmad Malik, (2022) Microbes and Microbial Biotechnology for Green
Remediation, Elsevier Inc.
2. Gaurav Saxena, Maulin P. Shah, and Vineet Kumar, (2020) Bioremediation for
Environmental Sustainability Toxicity, Mechanisms of Contaminants Degradation,
Detoxification and Challenges. Elsevier Inc.
3. Deep Chandra Suyal, and Ravindra Soni, (2022) Bioremediation of Environmental
Pollutants - Emerging Trends and Strategies, Springer Nature, Switzerland.
4. Hafiz M.N. Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal, and Tuan Anh Nguyen, (2022) Nano-
Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Applications, Elsevier Inc.
5. Junaid Ahmad Malik, (2022) Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for
Sustainable Soil Management Principles, Monitoring and Remediation, Springer
Cham.
6. Deep Chandra Suyal, and Ravindra Soni, (2022) Bioremediation of Environmental

Pollutants Emerging Trends and Strategies, Springer Nature Switzerland.
7. Prasad MNV and Mirza Hasanuzzaman, (2021) Handbook of Bioremediation
Physiological, Molecular and Biotechnological Interventions, Elsevier Inc.
Journal articles
1. Misra M, and Ghosh Sachan S, (2022) Nanobioremediation of heavy metals:

Perspectives and challenges. Journal of Basic Microbiology 62(3-4):428-443.
2. Yaashikaa P R, Kumar P S, Jeevanantham S, and Saravanan R, (2022) A review on
bioremediation approach for heavy metal detoxification and accumulation in
plants. Environmental Pollution 119035.
3. Zhou Y, Kumar M, Sarsaiya S, Sirohi R, Awasthi S K, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey
A, Bolan N S, Zhang Z, and Singh L, (2022) Challenges and opportunities in
bioremediation of micro-nano plastics: a review. Science of The Total Environment
802:149823.
4. Jain M, Khan S A, Sharma K, Jadhao P R, Pant K K, Ziora Z M, and Blaskovich M
A, (2022) Current perspective of innovative strategies for bioremediation of organic
pollutants from wastewater. Bioresource Technology 344:126305.
5. Patel A K, Singhania R R, Albarico F P, Pandey A, Chen CW, and Dong C D, (2022)
Organic wastes bioremediation and its changing prospects. Science of The Total
Environment 153889.
6. Yan C, Qu Z, Wang J, Cao L, and Han Q, (2022) Microalgal bioremediation of
heavy metal pollution in water: Recent advances, challenges, and prospects.
Chemosphere 286:131870.
Online resources
1. https://www.environmentalpollution.in/bioremediation-2/bioremediation-
principle-need-advantages-and-limitations-environment/7259
2. http://learnbioremediation.weebly.com/in-situ--ex-situ-bioremediation-
treatments.html
3. https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/bioeconomy-what-is-it
4. https://www.wbcsd.org/Archive/Factor-10/Circular-bioeconomy-the-business-
opportunity-contributing-to-a-sustainable-world
5. https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-
021-01939-5
Elective Course – VIII
Sludge Management
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E08 100 4 4 - - 4
Course objectives
The purpose of this course is to develop an understand the characteristics of
industrial and municipal sewage sludge’s and the options available for subsequent
treatment technologies such as sludge removal and consolidation, conditioning,
anaerobic digestion, mechanical dewatering, thermal drying and incineration,
combined heat and power, and land application of stabilized sludges for agriculture,
horticulture and reclamation uses.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand how sludge is produced in various wastewater treatment
units and its types
CO2 Be able to identify the principle elements of sludge treatment including sludge
dewatering techniques.
CO3 Have a clear view of the physical , chemical and biological sludge stabilization
techniques
CO4 Acquire broad knowledge on sludge disinfection and final disposal methods
and its merits.
CO5 Understand the wide range of potential resource recovery opportunities from
sludge and assessing the economic feasibility of the techniques.

CO1 * * * * * *
CO2 * * * *
CO3 * * * *
CO4 * * * * *
CO5 * * * * *
Sludge Management
Unit I: Sludge – An Overview Contact Hours: 12

Introduction - Sources of sludge (Water treatment plants, Sewage treatment plants,
Industrial effluent treatment plants) - Sludge categorization (Primary sludge, Chemical
sludge, Biofilter sludge, Activated sludge, Aerobically and anaerobically digested
sludge, Septage and Industrial sludge) – Sludge characteristics (Physical, Chemical,
Biological) – Sludge generation (Sedimentation sludge, Chemical coagulation sludge,
Activated sludge and Municipal waterworks sludge)
Unit II: Sludge Treatment Contact Hours: 12

Methods of sludge treatment: Thickening of sludge – Operational principles - Sludge
conditioning: Chemical conditioning, Thermal conditioning, Freeze-thaw conditioning,
Conditioning process optimization - Factors affecting sludge conditioning - Sludge
dewatering – Natural methods (Sludge drying beds and Sludge drying lagoons),
Mechanical methods (Vacuum filters, Pressure filter press, Centrifugal dewatering)
Unit III: Sludge Stabilization Contact Hours: 12

Introduction - Biological stabilization of sludge - Anaerobic and Aerobic digestion
processes - Non-biological sludge stabilization – Alkaline stabilization, Thermal
treatment - Chlorine oxidation process and Advancement in physico-chemical
methods (Chemical fixation and Cementitious stabilization)
Unit IV: Sludge Disinfection, Thermal Drying & Contact Hours: 12

Disposal
Disinfection of sludge (Sludge Pasteurization and Sludge storage) - Thermal drying of
sludge - Thermal treatment and sludge disposal - Process types: Incineration,
Incomplete combustion, Pyrolysis and Thermal processes - Sludge disposal problems
and solution (Land, Air and water)
Unit V: Sludge – Resource Recovery Contact Hours: 12

Energy and Resource Recovery from sludge – Biofuels (Biogas, Syngas, Hydrogen, Bio-
oil, Bio-diesel, Bio-methanol) – Electricity - Beneficial reuse of sludge across the globe
- Techno-economic and social feasibility
References
Text Books
1. Bhola R. Gurjar and Vinay Kumar Tyagi (2017) Sludge management, CRC
Press, The Netherlands.
2. Tyagi RD, Rao Yadagiri Surampalli, Song Yan, Tian C. Zhang,Cao CM and
Lohani BN (2009) Sustainable Sludge Management: Production of Value Added
Products, American Society of Civil Engineers.
3. Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli, Fernando Fernandes and Marcos von Sperling
(2007) Sludge Treatment and Disposal In: Biological Wastewater Treatment
Series, Volume 6, IWA Publishing. London.
Sludge Management
Web References
1. https://www.iwapublishing.com/sites/default/files/ebooks/9781780402130.p
df
2. https://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2009/Garg.pdf
3. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/GH-10-97-106-EN-C/file
4. https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/C09/E4-13-01-11.pdf
Elective Course - IX
Principles of Toxicology
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E09 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To introduce and provide basic knowledge on the concept and principles of toxicology,
toxic responses and mechanism of toxicity and to give adequate knowledge on
xenobiotics and their environmental effects.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Know the history, scope and branches of toxicology along with the types and
classification of toxicants
CO2 Understand the principles of toxicity and the factors influencing toxicity
Obtain more knowledge about the mechanisms involved in toxicity and its relevant
CO3
functions
CO4 Understand the reactions of toxins and their elimination mechanisms
CO5 Adequate knowledge of the immunotoxicity mechanisms and their effects.

CO1
*
CO2 *
* *
CO3 *
* *
CO4 * *
CO5 * * *
Elective Course - IX
Principles of Toxicology
Unit I Toxicology Contact Hours: 12

Definition, history, scope & sub-divisions of toxicology - Classification of toxic agents,
natural toxins, animal toxins, plant toxins, food toxins, genetic poisons and chemical
toxicants (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II Toxicity Principles Contact Hours: 12

Dose-effect and dose-response relationship - Acute and chronic toxicity, Reversible and
irreversible effects - Factors affecting toxicity: species and strain, age, sex, nutritional
status, hormones, environmental factors and circadian rhythms (K1, K2, K3)
Unit III Toxicity Mechanisms Contact Hours: 12

Absorption and distribution of toxicants: Portals of entry - Skin, gastrointestinal tract,
gills and respiratory system - Biodistribution, biomagnification biotransformation of
xenobiotics - Brief introduction to Phase-I and Phase-II reactions (K1, K2, K3)
Unit IV Toxic Reactions Contact Hours: 12

Reactions of toxins with target molecules - Covalent bonding, non-covalent bonding,
Hydrogen abstraction, Electron transfer, Enzymatic reactions - Elimination of toxicants:
Renal, hepatic, DMES, pulmonary systems, milk, egg and foetus (K2, K3, K4)
Unit V Immunotoxicity Contact Hours: 12

Immunotoxicity: Mechanisms of immunotoxicity, immunosuppression - Direct effects and
indirect effects of xenobiotics - immune-mediated diseases, immunotoxicity of lead and
TCDD (K3, K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Karen E Stine and Thomas Miller Brown, (2015) Principles of Toxicology, CRC Press
Publishers.
2. Gupta P K , (2016) Fundamentals of Toxicology: Essential Concepts and
Applications, Academic Press.
3. Klaassen Curtis D, Casarett Louis J and Doull J, (2013) Casarett and Doull's
Toxicology: The basic science of poisons (8th Edition), McGraw Hill.
Reference Books
1. Ted A. Loomis, Wallace Hayes A, (1996) Loomis’s Essentials of Toxicology. 4th
Edition, Academic Press.
2. Shaw I and Chadwick J, (1998) Principles of Environmental Toxicology, CRC Press
LLC.
3. Ernest Hodgson, (2011) A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, 4th Edition, Wiley.
Web References
1. 0002199519.indd (wiley.com)
2. introtox-020909.ppt (ufl.edu)
3. lecnote_fm_degree and diploma Med Bacteriology (cartercenter.org)
Elective Course – X
PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E10 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To focus and provide knowledge on the types of pesticides, their toxicity mechanisms
and to characterize the adverse effects of pesticides on the ecosystem and humans.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Know about pesticides, their types and properties

CO2 Understand the mechanism of pesticide toxicity and relevant regulations
Obtain more knowledge about the systemic toxicity of pesticides
CO3
CO4 Understand the significance of environmental issues due to pesticide toxicity
CO5 Gains adequate knowledge on pesticide toxicity to humans and its relevant
case studies.

CO1 *
CO2 * *
CO3 * *
CO4 *
CO5 *
Elective Course – X
PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY
Unit I Pesticides Contact Hours: 12

Introduction to pesticides - Types, general classification - Pesticides in the environment -
Bioaccumulation and bio-magnification of pesticides (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II Pesticide Toxicity - Mechanisms Contact Hours: 12

Pesticide Toxicity - Mode of Action – ADME Process - Biotransformation Reactions - Dose-
Response Relationship - Quantification Endpoints - Safety Limits - National and
International statutory guidelines (K1, K2, K3)
Unit III Systemic Toxicity of Pesticides Contact Hours: 12

Neurotoxicity of pesticides - Neuropathy, Reproductive & developmental effects,
carcinogenicity, immunological effects - Toxicity of pesticides in fish, birds, wild animals -
Bioindicators of pesticide exposure (K1, K2, K3)
Unit IV Pesticides – Environmental Issues Contact Hours: 12

Environmental problems by organochlorine pesticides - Case studies of DDT,
Endosulphan, Benzene hexachloride (Lindane) - Environmental problems by
organophosphate pesticides - Case studies of parathion, malathion and pyrethroids -
Emerging new pesticides - Toxicological concerns (K2, K3, K4)
Unit V Pesticide Toxicity in Humans Contact Hours: 12

Toxicity of pesticides in man - Systemic toxicity - Assessment methods - Pesticide residues
in food - Case studies: Handigodu syndrome, BHC poisoning in Turkey, and endosulfan
toxicity in Kerala (K3, K4, K5)
References
Text Books
1. Jorgen Tenerson, (2004) Chemical Pesticides: Mode of Action and Toxicology 1 st
Edition, CRC Press.
2. Klaassen Curtis D, Casarett Louis J and Doull, J, (2013) Casarett and Doull's
Toxicology: The basic science of poisons (8th Edition) McGraw Hill.
3. Ted A. Loomis, Wallace Hayes A, (1996) Loomis's Essentials of Toxicology, 4th
Edition, Academic Press.
Reference Books
1. Robert Krieger, (2010) Haye’s Hand Book of Pesticide Toxicology – Principles and
Agents, 3rd Edition. Elsevier Science.
2. Dileep K Singh, (2012) Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology, Bentham Publishers.
3. Baker S R, (1998) The Effects of Pesticides on Human Health (Advances in Modern
Environmental Toxicology), Princeton Scientific Publishers.
Web References
1. ESRP532Lecture9092904.pdf (wsu.edu)
2. FM 1..4 (ethernet.edu.et)
3. Toxicology of Insecticides.pdf - APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY TOXICOLOGY OF
INSECTICIDES Dileep K. Singh Department of Zoology University of | Course
Hero
Elective Course - XI
APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E11 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
The overall aim of this course is to acquire theoretical and applied knowledge on the
effects of toxic chemical substances on environment including human health.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Be able to describe the toxicology application in various fields.
CO2 To sign and symptoms of various toxicants
Make critical and independent assessments of methods and results.

CO3
Gains the adequate knowledge on toxicity to humans and its relevant case
CO4
studies.
CO5 The objective of the toxicology graduate program is to train high-quality

understanding in applied toxicology with a heightened respect for the
environment and protection of the health of workers and consumers.

CO1 *
CO2 * *
CO3 * *
CO4 *
CO5 * *
APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
Unit I Application toxicology Contact Hours: 12

Overview of Introduction: principles of applied toxicology, Academic applications,
Industrial applications and various toxicology (K1, K2)
Unit II Veterinary and Wildlife Toxicology Contact Hours: 12

Veterinary Toxicology: Common toxicity in dogs, cats, horses and poultry by
herbicides, household chemicals, heavy metals, mycotoxins, blue green algae and toxic
plants - Wildlife Toxicology: Susceptibility of wildlife to chemicals - Acute ecological
hazards - Toxicology of chemicals in birds and mammals - Integrated approach to
Wildlife Toxicology (K3, K4, K5)
Unit III Cosmetic and Medical Toxicology Contact Hours: 12

Cosmetic Toxicology: Toxicity of shampoos, conditioners, bleachers, dyes, allergic and
respiratory disorders - Medical Toxicology: Mission of Medical Toxicology - Comparative
Toxicology - Human risk assessment - Toxicological database (K3, K6)
Unit IV Forensic and Preventive Toxicology Contact Hours: 12

Forensic Toxicology: Specimen sample collection - Types of testing - Detection of
poisons - Applications of Forensic Toxicology - Preventive Toxicology: Bioremediation,
Toxic site reclamation, prevention of occupational diseases (K3, K4, K5)
Unit V Toxicology of chemical warfare and Regulatory Contact Hours: 12

Toxicology
Chemical weapons - Classification of chemical warfare agents, mustard gas, lewisite,
nerve agents and hydrogen cyanide - Management of chemical warfare agents.
Regulatory agencies - Regulation of Industrial chemicals in USA and EU - Regulation
of pesticides, Regulation of pharmaceuticals - Regulation of food additives (K3, K4, K5,
K6)
References
1. A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, Fourth Edition,2010, A John Wiley & Sons,

Inc., Publication Ernest Hodgson, North Carolina, North Carolina, USA
2. Perspectives in Basic and Applied Toxicology, 1988, Bryan Ballantyne, Elsevier,
UK
3. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology, 2010, Book by Ming-Ho Yu and
Wayne Landis, CRC Press, London
4. Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants, Third
Edition, Ming-Ho Yu, Humio Tsunoda, Masashi Tsunoda, 2011, CRC Press,
London
5. A Textbook Of Applied Toxicology, Dr. Muneesh Kumar, Dr. Sangeeta Devi,
2021, Darshan Publishers, India
APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
Journal References
1. https://www.longdom.org/scholarly/applied-toxicology-journals-articles-ppts-
list-4173.html
2. https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/1099126
3/homepage/forauthors.html
3. https://home.liebertpub.com/publications/applied-in-vitro-toxicology/626/for-
authors
4. https://watermark.silverchair.com/toxsci_1992_18_1
5. https://typeset.io/formats/wiley/journal-of-applied-
toxicology/17388b2ed880c44413e67b371ec63418
Web References
1. http://pustaka.unp.ac.id/file/abstrak_kki/EBOOKS/Environmental%20Toxicolo
gy%203rd%20edition.pdf
2. https://phpt.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/cavs/vetmed/phpt/JLS%20105%2
0Environmental%20Toxicology-1.pdf
3. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c09/e4-12.pdf
4. https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991263
5. https://www.academia.edu/49705482/General_and_Applied_Toxicology
Elective Course – XII
OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY
I/II/III/IV 22UPEVS1E12 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
Graduates will develop a broad range of skills, knowledge and experience required for
successful careers in all sectors of the chemical industry, laboratories engaged in the
analysis and biological activity of toxic substances, the food industry and the analysis of
genetic material for forensic purposes.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Be able to describe the composition and functional toxicology principles

CO2 Be able to understand the regulatory perspective and risk assessment of toxic
agents
CO3 Be able to independently plan, evaluate and improve animal experiments,
under consideration of the latest ethical criteria and species-appropriate
animal husbandry, in order to positively influence the well-being of the
animals in line with the 3Rs while generating scientific data to the highest
standards
CO4 To understand the nature of toxic agents and be able to understand the side
effects and their management
CO5 To understand signs and symptoms of various toxicants

CO1 *
CO2 * *
CO3 * * *
CO4 * *
CO5 * * *
Unit I Toxic substances and Occupational hazards Contact Hours: 12

Toxic substances: Toxicity of monomers, solvents, intermediates and products – Toxic
substrates – Metals and other inorganic chemicals - Organic compounds – Persistent
chemicals - Occupational hazards: Physical hazards, Chemical hazards, Biological
hazards, Mechanical hazards, and Psychosocial hazards (K1, K2, K3)
Unit II Occupational diseases and prevention Contact Hours: 12

Occupational diseases: Pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis, byssinosis,
bagassosis, Farmers’ lung diseases Prevention of occupational diseases: Medical
measures, Engineering measures and Legislative measures - Occupational health in India
(K1, K2, K3)
Unit III Occupational Cancer and Risk assessment Contact Hours: 12

Occupational Cancer: Skin cancer, Lung cancer, Bladder cancer and Leukaemia - Risk
assessment: Risk assessment for industrial chemicals in EU, OECD and USA - Risk
management of industrial chemicals (K3, K4, K6)
Unit IV Industrial Toxicology Contact Hours: 12

History and basic features - Industrial hygiene - Concepts of Industrial hygiene, TLV,
MAK, OES, ACGIH and OSHA - Biological monitoring of industrial solvents, metals and
pesticides (K3, K4, K5)
Unit V Case Studies Contact Hours: 12

Case Studies in Risk Assessment Pharmaceutical, Petroleum, Carbide industry, Textile
and Leather Industries (K3, K4, K6)
Reference Books
1. Timothy C. Marrs and Bryan Ballantyne, 2004, Pesticide Toxicology and

International Regulation; John Wiley and Sons; 2004, USA
2. Gunnar F. Nordberg, Bruce A. Fowler, Monica Nordberg, and Lars Friberg, 2007,
Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals; 2007 Third Edition; Academic Press.
3. Ramesh C. Gupta, 2007, Veterinary Toxicology Basic and Clinical Principles, First
Edition; Academic Press.
4. Michael J. Deralanko and Mannfred, 2002, A Hollinger, Handbook of Toxicology,

Second Edition, Taylor and Francis.
5. John Davey and Mike Lord, 2003, Department of Biological Sciences, The University
of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. Essential Cell Biology Volume 2: Cell Function
A Practical Approach

6. Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy; The National
Academies Press; 2007.
7. Frank A. Barile, 2008, Principles of Toxicology Testing; Taylor and Francis Group.
8. Michael J. Deralanko and Mannfred A. Hollinger, 2002, Handbook of Toxicology.

2nd Edition, Taylor and Francis.
9. Phillip L. Williams Robert C. James, and Stephen M. Roberts, 2000, Principles of

Toxicology Environmental and Industrial Applications; Second Edition; John Wiley
and Sons.
Journal References
1. https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/
2. https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles
3. https://paperpile.com/s/journal-of-occupational-medicine-and-toxicology-
citation-style/
4. https://journals.sagepub.com/home/tih
5. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed027p585.3
Web References
1. https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1540&sectionid
=92529122
2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10915818309140666
3. https://watermark.silverchair.com/kqg116.pdf?token=
4. https://www.routledge.com/Occupational-Toxicology/Winder-
Stacey/p/book/9780367394554
5. https://vula.uct.ac.za/access/content/group/9c29ba04-b1ee-49b9-8c85-
9a468b556ce2/DOH/Module%203%20_Toxom%20I_/toxom1/Tox-RE1.htm
Supportive Course - I
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
II 22UPEVS1SO1 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To introduce and provide basic knowledge on the concept and principles of
Environmental Science, ecology and ecosystems, and to give adequate knowledge on
natural resources, biodiversity and their conservation.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the basic concept and functions of environment, ecology and
ecosystem.
CO2 Understand the different environmental compartments and their structure and
functions in the ecosystem.
Obtain more knowledge about population ecology and its specific relationships.
CO3
CO4 Understand the significance and need for environmental protection and
sustainability.
CO5 Adequate knowledge on the status of available natural and biodiversity resources
and their conservation.

CO1 ⁎
CO2 ⁎
CO3 ⁎
CO4 ⁎ ⁎ ⁎ ⁎
CO5 ⁎ ⁎ ⁎
Unit I Environment and Ecology Contact Hours: 12

Ecology: History, Scope and Importance - Components and structure of the environment:
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere (K1, K2 & K3)
Unit II Ecosystem Contact Hours: 12

Types of ecosystem - Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem - Structure and functional aspects
of the ecosystem: Food Chain, Food Web, Ecological pyramids, Energy flows - Productivity
of an ecosystem - Biogeochemical cycles (Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur, and Phosphorous) -
Ecological succession: Types and stages (K1, K2 & K3)
Unit III Population Ecology Contact Hours: 12

Levels of Organization, Population characteristics: Density, Natality, Mortality,
Survivorship curves, Age distribution, Growth curves - Population interactions: Co-
evolution, Neutralism, Symbiosis, Commensalism, Mutualism, Antagonism, Antibiosis,
Parasitism, Predation, and Inter and Intraspecific competitions (K1, K2 & K3)
Unit IV Natural Resources and Conservation Contact Hours: 12

Classification and significance of natural resources - Soil, Forest, Water, Wildlife and
Mineral resources - Conservation strategies of natural resources (K2, K3 & K4)
Unit V Biodiversity and Conservation Contact Hours: 12

Types of Biodiversity: Species, Genetic, and Ecosystem diversity - Megadiversity Nation
and Hot Spots in India (K2 and K4) - Biodiversity Conservation: In situ and Ex-situ
conservation measures - Values of Biodiversity: Food, Medicine, Raw Material, Aesthetic
and Cultural values - Biopiracy and Bioprospecting (K3, K4 & K5)
References
Text Books
1. Sharma P D (2015) Ecology and Environment (12th Edition). Rastogi

Publications, New Delhi.
2. Eugene P. Odum and Gary W. Barrett (2004) Fundamentals of Ecology (5th
Edition) Brooks/Cole Publishers.
3. Krishnamurthy KV (2003) An Advanced Textbook on Biodiversity – Principles and
Practice, Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi.
Reference Books
1. Rana SVS (2005) Essentials of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Prentice-Hall

of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
2. Muthuchelian K (2013) Glimpses of Animal Biodiversity, Astral International (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Muthuchelian K (2013) Uyir Virimam (Tamil), Pranisha Pathippagam, Madurai.

4. Muthuchelian K (2016) Bioinformatics, Barcoding and Benefit Sharing in
Biodiversity Educationist Press, New Delhi.
5. Richard Frankham, Jonathan D Ballou and David A. Briscoe (2010) Introduction to
Conservation Genetics, Second edition, Cambridge University Press, UK.
1. Santosh Kumar Upadhyay and Sudhir P Singh (2021) Bioprospecting of Plant
Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., USA.
2. Tim Burt and Des Thompson (2020) Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation,
Web References
1. http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/000964.pdf
2. www.ecosystem.org/types-of-ecosystems
3. www.ecologyconnections.ca/pop3research.php
4.http://ocw.korea.edu/ocw/college-of-life-sciences-and-biotechnology/general-
biology/PDF/10-1GeneralBiol%20CH50.pdf
5. www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios101/competitionmurray.PPT
6. www.india.gov.in/topics/environment-forest/natural-resources
7. www.jamaicachm.org.jm/BHS/conservation.htm
Supportive Course – II
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
II 22UPEVS1SO2 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To gain awareness of environmental pollution and its types, sources, effects,
monitoring & control techniques, and to understand the fundamental
principles governing the interactions between transport of pollutants in the
environment.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Learn about the air, water and soil pollutants, sources and its effects
CO2 Have clear understanding on the air, water, noise and radiation standards and
its techniques
Understand the different impacts on environment from various pollutants
CO3
CO4 Understand the emerging contaminants and their impacts on the
environment
Apply relevant techniques, skills and modern engineering tools to solve the
CO5
environmental problems
CO1 *
CO2 *
CO3 * *
CO4 * * * *
Supportive Course – II
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Environment: Introduction and Scope, Components of Environment: Structure and
composition of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, and Biosphere - Pollution:
Definition, Sources, Types, Pollution-related diseases and control measures.
Unit II Air Pollution Contact Hours: 12
Sources (Natural, Anthropogenic, Stationary, mobile and Area specific), Types of Air
Pollutants (Primary and secondary; Organic and Inorganic) - History of air pollution,
Transport and diffusion of pollutants - Atmospheric reactions: Ozone formation and
depletion, Acid rain, Photochemical Smog - Effects of air pollutants in the environment -
Methods of monitoring and control of air pollution: SO2, NOx, CO, SPM.
Unit III Water Pollution Contact Hours: 12
Types, sources (Point and Non-point) and Water pollution episodes (K2 & K3) -
Eutrophication - Water sampling (K3 & K4) - Water quality and standards - Wastewater
treatment technologies (K4). Marine Pollution: Sources of marine pollution and its control
(K2 & K4) - Effects of pollutants on human beings, plants, and animals. Emerging Water
Pollutants: Microplastics, Personal Care Products, and nanomaterials.
Unit IV Soil Pollution Contact Hours: 12
Sources - Soil sampling methods - Soil quality: Soil organic carbon, Soil organic matter,
Mineral nutrients - Effects of soil pollution on the environment - Soil pollution control and
remediation techniques.
Unit V Noise, Thermal, and Radiation Pollution Contact Hours: 12
Sources of noise pollution (K1 & K2) - Measurement and indices (K4) - Effects and control
measures (K3 & K4). Thermal Pollution - Sources & Effects (K2 & K4) - Radiation Pollution
- Sources, Measurement, Units and control techniques.
References
Text Books
1. Shafi S M (2005) Environmental Pollution. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
Reference Books
1. Khitoliya R K (2012) Environmental Pollution, 2nd edition, S. Chand Publishing.
2. Khopkar, S M (2013) Environmental Pollution: Monitoring and Control, New Age
International Publishers.
3. Cunningham W P and Cunningham M A (2004) Principles of Environment Science.
Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Sharma B K (2000) Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut
5. Pardeep Singh, Ajay Kumar and Anwesha Borthakur (2019) Abatement of
Environmental Pollutants Trends and Strategies, Elsevier Science.
6. Hemen Sarma, Delfina C. Dominguez, Wen-Yee Lee (2022) Emerging Contaminants
in the Environment Challenges and Sustainable Practices, Elsevier Science.
Web References
1. www.uccee.org/Environmental_Pollution.html
2. www.who.int/topics/environmental_pollution/en/
3. www.nrdc.org/water/environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment
4. www.noisecontrol.com/the-common-causes-of-noise-pollution
5 www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-soil-pollution.php
Supportive Course – III
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
II 22UPEVS1SO3 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To understand the role of environmental health, protection, safety at work,
occupational health and safety, compliance and best practices.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Understand the importance of maintaining a safe workplace, safety standards

and with regulatory requirements
CO2 Acquire knowledge on industrial pollution and environmental diseases
Understand the workplace injury, its prevention, risk management, incident
CO3
investigations and the role of safety in the business community
CO4 Understand the acute and chronic health effects of exposure to physical,
chemical and biological agents in the workplace.
CO5 Demonstrate knowledge of different types of exposure and biological effects,
exposure guidelines and basic workplace monitoring

CO1 * *
CO2 *
CO3 * *
CO4 * *
CO5 * * *
Unit I Environmental Health Contact Hours: 12

Concept and scope - Global and regional perspectives - Basic requirements for a healthy
environment - Environmental quality, human exposure and health impact - impact of
environmental factors on human health, Health and Safety Act, Environmental factors in
community, occupational and residential settings impact health
Unit II Industrial Pollution and Chemical Safety Contact Hours: 12

The extent of industrial pollution, Public exposure from industrial sources, Hazards by
industry, Major chemical contaminants at the workplace, Industrial environmental
accidents - Concept of threshold limit values – Air sampling strategies – Personal exposure
monitoring
Unit III Environmental Diseases Contact Hours: 12

Asbestosis, Silicosis, Sycosis, Asthma, Fluorosis, Arsenicosis and Allergies;
Epidemiological issues - Malaria and Kala –azar, Covid19.
Unit IV Occupational Safety and Health Contact Hours: 12

Occupational hygiene/safety and disease; Principles and methods of occupational health,
Health problems due to industrial dust, heat, chemicals, noise, toxic gases and metals,
Health hazards in agriculture - Pesticide impacts on the environment and human health -
Personal protective equipment, Viral and bacterial infections, Training for Safety and
Health
Unit V Environmental Health Hazard, Risk Assessment and Contact Hours: 12

Management
Hazard and risk, Biological, chemical, physical and psychological health hazard; Health
risk assessment and management - Current environmental risk assessment methods -
Major agencies and organizations involved in environmental health protection - Safety and
Health Management System model - Participation and Representation, Training,
Awareness and competence; Document Control: Safety and Health Management System
records: Operational Control – Workplace Precautions
References
Text Books
1. Shaw J. Chadwick (1998) Principles of Environmental Toxicology, Taylor& Francis
Ltd
2. AnnaleeYassi, TordKjellstr"om, Theo de Kok, Tee Guidotti (2001) Basic
Environmental Health, Oxford University Press.
Reference Books
1. Shaw, J. Chadwick (1998) Principles of Environmental Toxicology, Taylor& Francis
Ltd
2. Annalee Yassi, Tord Kjellstr"om, Theo de Kok, Tee Guidotti (2001) Basic
Environmental Health, Oxford University Press
3. Monroe T. Morgan (2003) Environmental Health, Third Edition,
Thomson/Wadsworth Publishers.
4. Koren H (2002) Handbook of Environmental Health and Safety - Principle and
Practices, Fourth Edition, Lewis Publishers, CRC Press.
5. Risk assessment- A Practical Guide, (1993) Institution of Occupational Safety and
Health, United Kingdom.
Web References
1. www.ehs.ucsb.edu/
2. www.ifc.org/ehsguidelines
3. slintec.lk/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/HealthSafetyManual.pdf
Supportive Course – IV
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
II 22UPEVS1SO4 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To focus on major global environmental issues including population explosion,
biodiversity loss, pollution, energy use, climate change and best environmental
technologies for a sustainable development. To know how they are managed in
various settings around the world.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Clearly identify important global, national, and local issues relating to population,
food, and the environment
CO2 Understand the global consequences of climate change
CO3 Acquire knowledge pertaining to the overexploitation of natural and biodiversity
resources
Understand various global disasters and their effective management

CO3
CO4 Acquire knowledge related to the sustainable environmental management
practices
CO1 * *
CO2 *
CO3 * *
CO4 * *
Unit I Human Population and Environment Contact Hours: 12

Basic demographic concepts: Growth, fertility, mortality and migration - Overview of
population growth - Population distribution - Urbanization - Poverty, Food security, Waste
Disposal - Environmental degradation and Public health - Development and Modernization
versus Environment - Pandemic and social issues (K1, K2)
Unit II Global Atmospheric Changes Contact Hours: 12

Global Air Quality, Air Quality Index and CO2 concentration scenario - Sources of
greenhouse gases - Greenhouse effect and Global warming - Facts and figures of current
global warming scenario in the world - El Niño and La Niña - Global consequences of El
Niño (K1, K2) - Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) - Acid Rain - Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs) - Impact of Air pollutants on human health (K3)
Unit III Overexploitation of Natural Resources Contact Hours: 12

Environment in Anthropocene era - Ecological footprint – Earth Overshoot Day - Water
resources: Status of groundwater quality in India - Desertification - Soil and Mineral
Resources: Global threats for soil quality, Loss of organic carbon, Land Degradation
Neutrality (LDN) (K3), Mineral resources exploitation - Biodiversity Resources:
Megadiversity Nation and Hot spots in India – Bioprospecting and biopiracy - Threats to
biodiversity resources (K1, K2)
Unit IV Global Disasters Contact Hours: 12

Types of disasters - Earthquake: Origin of Earthquake, magnitude and intensity - Global
Earthquake prone zones - Effects of earthquake - Volcanoes: Types of volcanic eruptions -
Active volcanic belts in the world - Flash flood - Flood management strategies - Regions of
flood prone zones in the World and India - Forecasting and warning of natural disasters
- Manmade disasters: Oil spills, Forest fire, Industrial and Nuclear disasters (K1, K2) -
Public health disaster: Covid-19 Pandemic - Microplastics - Case study: Recent global
disasters
Unit V Sustainable Environmental Management Contact Hours: 12

Renewable energy resources: Solar, Wind, Hydroelectric and Biomass - Sustainable
agricultural practices (Biofertilizers and Biopesticides) - National Action Plan on Climate
Change (Eight missions) - Recent initiatives related to climate change adaptation and
mitigation in India - UNDP Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (K4)
References
Text Books
1. Frances Harris (2012) Global Environmental Issues, 2nd edition, John Wiley &
Sons Ltd., UK.
2. Stavros G. Poulopoulos and Vassilis J. Inglezakis (2016) Environment and
Development: Basic Principles, Human Activities, and Environmental Implications.
Elsevier, Netherlands.
3. Amy Long (2021) Global Environmental Issues, 2nd edition, Kendall Hunt
Publishing Company.
Reference Books
1. Donald Hyndman and David (2005) Hyndman Natural Hazards & Disasters,
Cengage Learning, USA.

2. John V. Walther (2014) Earth’s Natural Resources, Jones & Bartlett Learning, USA.
3. Prasad Modak (2018) Environmental Management towards Sustainability, CRC
Press, FL, USA.
4. Prasenjit Mondal and Ajay K. Dalai (2017) Sustainable Utilization of Natural
Resources, CRC Press, FL, USA.
5. Rajeev Pratap Singh, Anita Singh, VaibhavSrivastava (2017) Environmental Issues
Surrounding Human Overpopulation, IGI Global, USA.
6 Raveendranathan D (2018) Development lead to Pollution and Depletion of Natural
Resources, Notion Press, Chennai.
7 Serge Morand, Claire Lajaunie, RojchaiSatrawaha (2017) Biodiversity
Conservation in Southeast Asia: Challenges in a Changing Environment,
Earthscan from Routledge, UK.
8 . Thangavel P and Sridevi G (2015) Environmental Sustainability: Role of
Green Technologies, Springer, India.
9. Dogra N and Srivastava S (2012) Climate Change and Disease Dynamics in India,
TERI, New Delhi.
10. Quaschning VV (2019) Renewable Energy and Climate Change. John Wiley & Sons.
11. Saurabh Sonwani and Pallavi Saxena (2022) Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks
and Mitigation, Springer, Singapore.
Web References
1. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga-2018-report.pdf
2. www.who.int/airpollution/
3. https://unfccc.int/
4. re.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/part%20II%20groundwater%20CPCB.pdf
5. https://www.footprintnetwork.org/our-work/earth-overshoot-day
6. https://www.elsevier.com/ data/assets/pdf.../ElsevierDisasterScienceReport-PDF.pdf
7. www.siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDISMGMT/Resources/0821363328.pdf
8. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-1866-4_2
9. www.ipcc.ch/
10. https://climate.nasa.gov/
11. https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/environmentalissues/
Supportive Course – V
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
II 22UPEVS1S05 100 4 4 - - 4
Course Objectives
To mainly focus on understanding the different types of hazards and their impacts
and the techniques for preparing effective disaster management plan including
recovery and rehabilitation.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Develop an understanding of the different types of hazards and disaster-prone

zones
Develop a basic understanding of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response
CO2
and recovery
CO3 Develop disaster assistance tools and disaster preparedness
CO4 Understand the disaster relief and recovery measures
CO5 Acquire knowledge of capacity building and institutional framework for disaster
management

CO1 * * * *
CO2 * * * *
CO3 * * * *
CO4 * * *
CO5 * * * *
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Unit I Types of Disasters Contact Hours: 12

Geological Disasters - Hydro-Meteorological Disasters - Biological Disasters - Technological
Disasters - Global Outlook on Disaster Science (K1, K2)
Unit II Geological Hazards Contact Hours: 12

Earthquake: Origin of Earthquake, its magnitude and intensity - Earthquake prone
zones in India - Effects of earthquake - Earthquake prediction & control (K1, K2) -
Volcanoes: Types of volcanic eruptions - Active volcanic belts in the world (K1, K2) -
Nature and magnitude of volcanic hazards - Prediction of volcanic eruptions - Mitigation
of volcanic hazards (K3, K4) - Mass movement hazards: Landslides and Snow avalanche
hazards (K1, K2)
Unit III Hydrological and Meteorological Hazards Contact Hours: 12

Hydrological Hazards - Floods: Flooded geographical land types – Flash flood (K1, K2) -
Flood management strategies (K3, K4) - Regions of flood prone zones in India (K1, K2) –
Flood forecasting and warning (K3, K4, K5) - Droughts: Types of droughts – Drought
assessment parameters: Drought indices (meteorological indices, hydrological indices
and agriculture index) (K1, K2) - Preventive measures and preparedness plan for
drought mitigation (K3, K4, K5) - Meteorological hazards - Cyclones: Tropical cyclones &
Local storms – Heat waves and cold waves (K1, K2)
Unit IV Disaster Management Cycle and Framework Contact Hours: 12

Disaster Management Cycle - Pre-Disaster: Risk Mapping - Zonation and Microzonation
- Prevention and Mitigation of Disasters - Early Warning System - Preparedness -
Capacity Development – Awareness (K2, K3, K4) During Disaster: Evacuation - Disaster
Communication – Search and Rescue - Emergency Operation Centre - Incident Response
System – Relief and Rehabilitation (K2, K4, K5) - Post-disaster: Damage and Needs
Assessment - Restoration of Critical Infrastructure - Early Recovery - Reconstruction
and Redevelopment (K2, K4, K5)
Unit V Disaster Management in India Contact Hours: 12
Disaster Management Act 2005 - National Guidelines and Plans on Disaster Management
(K1, K2) - Role of Government (local, state and national), Non-Government and Inter-
Governmental Agencies: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) - NIDM
(National Institute of Disaster Management) - State Disaster Management Authorities -
National Disaster Response Force (K3, K4)
References
Text Books
1. Brenda D. Phillips, David M. Neal, Gary R. Webb (2021) Introduction to Emergency
Management and Disaster Science, Taylor & Francis.
2. Bryant Edwards (2005) Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press, UK.
3. Donald Hyndman and David (2005) Hyndman Natural Hazards & Disasters,
Cengage Learning.
4. Dylan Sandler and Anna K. Schwab (2021) Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness -
An Introductory Text for Emergency Management and Planning Professionals,
Taylor & Francis.
5. Palanivel K, Saravanavel K and Gunasekaran S (2015) Disaster Management, Allied
Publishers Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Reference Books
1. BimalKanti Paul (2011) Environmental Hazards and Disasters - Contexts,

Perspectives and Management, John Wiley & Sons, UK.
2. Collins Larry R and Schneid Thomas D (2000) Disaster Management and
Preparedness, Taylor and Francis.
3. Coppola DP (2011) Introduction to International Disaster Management, 2nd
Edition, Elsevier Science (B/H), London.
4. Debarata Mondal and Debarata Basu (2020) Disaster Management - Concepts and
Approaches, CBS Publishers & Distributors.
5. Indrajit Pal and Rajib Shaw (2018) Disaster Risk Governance in India and Cross
Cutting Issues, Springer Nature, Singapore.
6. Jha and Kumar M (2010) Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters; Vulnerability,
Preparedness and Mitigation, Springer.
7. Joanne McGlown (2022) Case Studies in Disaster Preparedness - A Volume in the
Disaster and Emergency Management: Case Studies in Adaptation and Innovation
Series, Elsevier Science, UK.
8. Musavi SHA (2020) Early Warning –based Multihazard and Disaster Management
Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
9. Pandey RK (2020) Disaster Management in India. SAGE Publications.
10. Robert B. Olshansky, Mizan B. F. Bisri, Andri N. R. Mardiah (2021) Post-Disaster
Governance in Southeast Asia - Response, Recovery, and Resilient Societies.
Springer Nature Singapore.
11. Sharma RK and Sharma G (2005) Natural Disaster, APH Publishing Corporation,
New Delhi.
12. Shruti Kanga, Gowhar Meraj, Majid Farooq, Suraj Kumar Singh, Mahendra Singh
Nathawat (2022) Disaster Management in the Complex Himalayan Terrains,
Springer Cham.
13. Srivastava PK, Singh SK, Mohanty UC and Murty T (2020) Techniques for Disaster
Risk Management and Mitigation. John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA
14. Tomaszewski B (2020) Geographic Information Systems for Disaster Management.
Taylor & Francis Limited.
15. Zhi Liu and Kaoru Ota (2018) Smart Technologies for Emergency Response and
Disaster Management, IGI Global, USA.
Journal articles
1. Du, Lei, Yingbin Feng, Li Yaning Tang, Wei Kang, and Wei Lu (2020). Networks in
disaster emergency management: a systematic review. Natural Hazards 1-27.
2. Makwana, Nikunj (2019) Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative
review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 8 (10): 3090.
3. Modgil, Sachin, Rohit Kumar Singh, and Cyril Foropon (2020). Quality
management in humanitarian operations and disaster relief management: a review
and future research directions. Annals of Operations Research 1-54.
4. Raikes J, Smith TF, Jacobson C and Baldwin C (2019). Pre-disaster planning and
preparedness for floods and droughts: A systematic review. International Journal
of Disaster Risk Reduction 38: 101207.
5. Seba, Abderazek, Nadia Nouali-Taboudjemat, Nadjib Badache, and Hamida Seba.
(2019). A review on security challenges of wireless communications in disaster
emergency response and crisis management situations. Journal of Network and
Computer Applications 126: 150-161.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
6. Shaluf IM and Said AM (2003). A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention
and Management: An International Journal.
7. Sim KB, Lee ML, Wong SY (2022) A review of landslide acceptable risk and
tolerable risk. Geoenvironmental Disasters 9(1):1-7.
8. Torani, Sogand, Parisa Moradi Majd, Shahnam Sedigh Maroufi, Mohsen Dowlati,
and Rahim Ali Sheikhi (2019). The importance of education on disasters and
emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 8.
9. Wirth EA, Sahakian VJ, Wallace LM, Melnick D (2022) The occurrence and
hazards of great subduction zone earthquakes. Nature Reviews Earth &
Environment 3:125-140.
Online resources
1. www.nidmindia.nic.in
2. http://www.cambridge.org
3. Web based course material on Disaster Management of the University of Wisconsin
Disaster Management Center (http://epdweb.engr.wise.sedu/dmc)
4. http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/dmf/risk_managemnt.htm
PRACTICAL I
I 22UPEVS1P01 100 6 - - 6 3
Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management, and

Environmental Biochemistry and Toxicology
1. Estimation of primary productivity of an ecosystem

2. Determination of minimum quadrat size for community study.
3. Measurement of water quality parameters: pH, acidity, alkalinity, coagulation,
TSS and TDS.
4. Estimation of soil moisture and soil specific gravity
5. Segregation of wastes.
6. Composting techniques for wastes
7. Mitotic cell division
8. Meiotic cell division
9. Comet assay technique
10. LC50 and LD50 determination of pesticide
Reference
Ruth Ann Murphy (2022) Environmental Chemistry in the Lab, CRC Press.
PRACTICAL II
II 22UPEVS1P02 100 6 - - 6 3
Environmental Pollution and Control Strategies, Environmental Microbiology &

Climate change and Current Issues
1. Measurement of SPM, SO2, and NO2 levels in the atmospheric air.

2. Estimation of DO, BOD, and COD
3. Measurement of noise levels in different locations.
4. Determination of soil properties: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus.
5. Simple staining
6. Grams staining
7. Fungal staining (Lacto phenol cotton blue)
8. Plating techniques (Streak, Spread and Pour)
9. Enumeration of microorganisms from water and soil
10. MPN Techniques
11. Demonstration of the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Reference:
James G. Cappuccino and Sherman (2020) Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 10 th

Edition
Gunasekaran. P (2007) Laboratory Manual in Microbiology, New Age International

PRACTICAL III
III 22UPEVS1P03 100 6 - - 6 3
Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Geoinformatics &

Environmental Impact Assessment
1. Isolation of Genomic DNA

2. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
3. PCR Techniques - Amplification of 16S rRNA gene
4. Production of microbial enzymes - Cellulase and Xylanase
5. Production of Bioflocculant
6. Biodegradation of Pollutants - Aromatic Compounds
7. Geo referencing of Toposheets / Satellite Imagery
8. Thematic layer digitization and image processing techniques
9. FT-IR and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Techniques
10. HPLC and GC-MS Techniques
11. Preparation of EIA report for environmental clearance (EC)
12. Preparation of checklists for EIA study
Reference:
Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Swagat Kumar Das, Hrudayanath

Thatoi (2020) A Practical Guide to Environmental Biotechnology, Springer
Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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PERIYAR UNIVERSITY

Salem - 636 011

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

M.Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

OBE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS

2. General Graduate Attributes

2. Critical Thinking Skills

4. Problem Solving Skills

To improve, undertake and manage environment related works and develop a

7. Use of Modern Tools

To manage and coordinate specific environmental tasks or projects and apply

9. Societal and Environmental Concern

10. Individual and Team Work

To develop the skills pertaining to work individually as well as a team in a proposed

11. Innovation and Entrepreneurship

To apply the acquired skills and knowledge in the field of E nvironmental

3. Programme Specific Qualification Attributes

• Knowledge and understanding level (K1 and K2)

Students will be able to understand the basic components of ecology and

• Application level (K3)

• Analytical level (K4)

Students will be able to analyze the environmental quality parameters and to

• Evaluation capability level (K5)

Students will be able to synthesize or develop new processes, products and to

5. Programme Objectives and Outcomes

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)

Programme Outcomes (PO)

Deep knowledge in natural resources, ecosystem and their

7. Duration of the programme

8. CBCS- Structure of the Programme

The programme structure comprises of two parts.

9. Curriculum structure for each semester as per courses alignment

Main syllabus (Attached as Annexure I)

10. Credit Calculation

Method of teaching Hours Credits

S. Contact Internal External Total

Core - IV 22UPEVS1C04 Environmental Biochemistry

11 Supportive 22UPEVS1S01-05 Supportive Paper 4 4 25 75 100

14 Core - VIII 22UPEVS1C08 Environmental Biotechnology 4 4 25 75 100

19 Practical-III 22UPEVS1P03 Practical Paper III 6 3 40 60 100

20 Elective III 22UPEVS1E01-12 Elective Paper III 4 4 25 75 100

Field Studies/Library/Seminar 1+2+1

22 Core - XII 22UPEVS1C12 Environmental Law and Policies 4 4 25 75 100

23 Elective IV 22UPEVS1E01-12 4 4 25 75 100

1 22UPEVS1E01 Marine Biotechnology 4 4 25 75 100

2 22UPEVS1E02 Microbial Enzyme Technology 4 4 25 75 100

3 22UPEVS1E03 Environmental Nanotechnology 4 4 25 75 100

4 22UPEVS1E04 Industrial Biotechnology 4 4 25 75 100

Waste Management and Remediation Technologies

5 22UPEVS1E05 Phytoremediation 4 4 25 75 100

22UPEVS1E06 Engineering Designs for Waste Management and

8 22UPEVS1E08 Sludge Management 4 4 25 75 100

9 22UPEVS1E09 Principles of Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100

10 22UPEVS1E10 Pesticide Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100

11 22UPEVS1E11 Applied Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100

12 22UPEVS1E12 Occupational and Industrial Toxicology 4 4 25 75 100

3 22UPEVS1S03 Environmental Health and Safety 4 4 25 75 100

4 22UPEVS1S04 Global Environmental Issues 4 4 25 75 100

5 22UPEVS1S05 Disaster Management 4 4 25 75 100