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List
List Items
List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.
List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc.
Allow Duplicates
List Length
List Items - Data Types
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type()
The list() Constructor
Python - Access List Items
Access Items
List items are indexed and you can access them by referring to the index number:
Negative Indexing
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Range of Indexes
Range of Negative Indexes
Check if Item Exists
Python - Change List Items
Change Item Value
To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:
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Change a Range of Item Values
Python - Add List Items
Append Items
o add an item to the end of the list, use the append() method:
Insert Items
To insert a list item at a specified index, use the insert() method.
The insert() method inserts an item at the specified index:
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Extend List
To append elements from another list to the current list, use the extend() method.
Add Any Iterable
The extend() method does not have to append lists, you can add any iterable object
(tuples, sets, dictionaries etc.).
Python - Remove List Items
Remove Specified Item
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Remove Specified Index
The pop() method removes the specified index.
Clear the List
The clear() method empties the list.
The list still remains, but it has no content.
Python - Loop Lists
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Loop Through a List
you can loop through the list items by using a for loop:
Loop Through the Index Numbers
ou can also loop through the list items by referring to their index number.
Use the range() and len() functions to create a suitable iterable.
Using a While Loop
you can loop through the list items by using a while loop.
Use the len() function to determine the length of the list, then start at 0 and loop your
way through the list items by referring to their indexes.
Remember to increase the index by 1 after each iteration.
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Looping Using List Comprehension
List Comprehension offers the shortest syntax for looping through lists:
Python - List Comprehension
List Comprehension
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Python - Sort Lists
List objects have a sort() method that will sort the list alphanumerically,
ascending, by default:
Sort Descending
To sort descending, use the keyword argument reverse = True:
Case Insensitive Sort
By default the sort() method is case sensitive, resulting in all capital letters being sorted
before lower case letters:
Reverse Order
What if you want to reverse the order of a list, regardless of the alphabet?
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The reverse() method reverses the current sorting order of the elements.
Python - Copy Lists
Copy a List
You cannot copy a list simply by typing list2 = list1, because: list2 will only be
a reference to list1, and changes made in list1 will automatically also be made
in list2.
There are ways to make a copy, one way is to use the built-in List method copy().
Python - Join Lists
Join Two Lists
There are several ways to join, or concatenate, two or more lists in Python.
One of the easiest ways are by using the + operator.
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Python - List Methods
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Python Tuples
mytuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
Tuple Items
Tuple items are ordered, unchangeable, and allow duplicate values.
Tuple items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc.
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Ordered
When we say that tuples are ordered, it means that the items have a defined order, and
that order will not change.
Unchangeable
Tuples are unchangeable, meaning that we cannot change, add or remove items after the
tuple has been created.
Allow Duplicates
Since tuples are indexed, they can have items with the same value:
Tuple Length
To determine how many items a tuple has, use the len() function:
Create Tuple With One Item
To create a tuple with only one item, you have to add a comma after the item, otherwise
Python will not recognize it as a tuple.
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Tuple Items - Data Types
Tuple items can be of any data type:
type()
From Python's perspective, tuples are defined as objects with the data type 'tuple':
<class 'tuple'>
The tuple() Constructor
It is also possible to use the tuple() constructor to make a tuple.
Python - Access Tuple Items
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Access Tuple Items
You can access tuple items by referring to the index number, inside square brackets:
Negative Indexing
Negative indexing means start from the end.
-1 refers to the last item, -2 refers to the second last item etc.
Range of Indexes
You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to end the
range.
When specifying a range, the return value will be a new tuple with the specified items.
Python - Update Tuples
Change Tuple Values
Once a tuple is created, you cannot change its values. Tuples are unchangeable,
or immutable as it also is called.
But there is a workaround. You can convert the tuple into a list, change the list, and
convert the list back into a tuple.
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Add Items
Since tuples are immutable, they do not have a built-in append() method, but there are
other ways to add items to a tuple.
1. Convert into a list: Just like the workaround for changing a tuple, you can convert it
into a list, add your item(s), and convert it back into a tuple.
2. Add tuple to a tuple. You are allowed to add tuples to tuples, so if you want to
add one item, (or many), create a new tuple with the item(s), and add it to the existing
tuple:
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Remove Items
Python - Unpack Tuples
Unpacking a Tuple
When we create a tuple, we normally assign values to it. This is called "packing" a tuple:
Packing a tuple
Unpacking a tuple
Python - Loop Tuples
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Loop Through a Tuple
You can loop through the tuple items by using a for loop.
Loop Through the Index Numbers
You can also loop through the tuple items by referring to their index number.
Use the range() and len() functions to create a suitable iterable.
Using a While Loop
You can loop through the tuple items by using a while loop.
Use the len() function to determine the length of the tuple, then start at 0 and loop your
way through the tuple items by referring to their indexes.
Remember to increase the index by 1 after each iteration.
Python - Join Tuples
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Join Two Tuples
To join two or more tuples you can use the + operator:
Multiply Tuples
If you want to multiply the content of a tuple a given number of times, you can use
the * operator:
Python - Tuple Methods
Tuple Methods
Python has two built-in methods that you can use on tuples
