Servant Leadership
Servant Leadership
Servant Leadership
o Colossians 4:16
o 2 Thess. 2:2
Orthodoxy
Antiquity
o Only texts produced during the apostolic era were considered.
Ex-the Didache and The Shepherd of Hermas were written after the
Apostolic community passed away.
Ecclesiastical Usage
o Texts that were in widespread use in the early church.
2. GOD. Explain the Trinity and the significance of this Doctrine for the Christian Life.
The Trinity doctrine states that God is one divine being who has existing eternally in three
distinct and fully divine persons. This doctrine is progressively revealed throughout Scripture
and most clearly developed and explained in the New Testament.
The Trinity doctrine was developed to help explain three clear and yet apparently contradictory
truths about God in the Scriptures:
There is only one God.
The Father, the Son, and the Spirit are each God.
The Father, Son, and Spirit are distinct and not identical.
The Trinity is the most basic concept that identifies the one true God among every false god
exalted among men.
The Trinity doctrine is also essential to the Gospel we proclaim. The Gospel is collaborative
work by each member of the Godhead. God elects a special people for himself. The Son
becomes incarnate and purchases the Father’s people by his work on the cross. The Father
resurrects and exalts his Son to his right hand, securing his eternal reign. The Lord Jesus sends
out the Spirit in the preached Gospel to applies the Son’s redemptive work to his people in the
world.
Since the triune nature of God is essential to the Gospel, it shapes and defines our knowledge
of the God we are in covenant with. It also directs our worship, our understanding and practice
of prayer, and the message of our preaching
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Design-Answers the question: How did God save us through the cross? He saved us by
condemning our sin in Jesus Christ.
Moral Influence: the love of God seen in the cross inspires us to repent, believe,
and love God in response.
o This is problematic if the atonement is seen as only something
experienced in the soul. We are still left with the question-how can a Holy
God accept a sinner?
Victory: the cross achieves victory for us over the devil in some way, when we
were bound by him and held in his kingdom.
o This view is problematic if it suggests that God paid a ransom to Satan to
deliver us, and then took Jesus back in the resurrection, thus deceiving
him. The reason this is problematic is because sin is against a holy and
just God, not satan. Satan has no claim on God. (CS Lewis view in Lion
Witch and the Wardrobe, which is wrong).
Satisfaction: Sin dishonors God, who erases or puts right his glorious name by
killing the man Jesus Christ. It vindicates God’s holy name.
o This is problematic if it finds no reference to the need man has to be
forgiven of sin.
Penal Substitution: Man’s problem is God’s holy wrath against sin. We deserve
death, but Jesus paid the death penalty instead of us.
Governmental Theory: As absolute king, God has the right to make any law so
Christ did not have to die in order for God to forgive men. But God decided to kill
Christ to prove that law breaking has consequences.
o This view is 100% wrong.
Extent-Answers the question: Who did God intend to save through the cross? God
intended to save his elect through the death of Jesus Christ. This doctrine comes from
explicit statements that indicate the elect as Christ’s intended cross purchase (John
10:11, 15; Acts 20:28; Romans 8:32-35; Matt. 1:21). It also best coheres with the
Scripture’s teaching on the nature of the atonement, that Christ achieved and effected
an actual salvation through his cross, not merely a potential one (Rom. 3:23-25, 6:1-11;
Eph. 1:7; Eph. 2:16 1 Cor. 6:20; etc.). The handful of “all,” “world,” and “whole world”
texts connected with the cross of Christ almost certainly do not mean that Christ died for
“every individual who has ever existed without any exception,” which context bears out.
Finally, the view of a general atonement does not cohere with the justice of God, who
would be exhausting the penalty of sins twice for those who are in Hell. Likewise, the
nature of the atonement as a successful work would imply universalism in these texts,
which is why those who hold to general atonement must define the nature of the
atonement as a potential punishment, which is absent in the concept of the atonement.
SALVATION. Explain effectual (irresistible) calling and the relationship of the new birth
to saving faith.
The effectual calling is the act of God in accomplishing a sinner’s conversion to Christ.
His call is “effectual,” in that it is something connected with, but distinct from, the
general call of the Gospel where God calls all men to repent and believe in his Son. The
Bible also teaches that when God converts a sinner to Christ, he issues a supernatural,
powerful, spiritual, work of grace in the heart of man that successfully secures his
conversion and that cannot be overcome.1 Cor. 1:18, 21-24, Rom. 8:29-30, 2 Cor. 4:3-5
(noting the diff. between the general call and the saving call).
The new birth is similar to the effectual call and probably occurs simultaneously with it.
Because man is at enmity with God (Col. 1:21) and spiritually dead in sins (Eph. 2, John
3), he needs to have a change of nature that precedes his faith, a faith that apprehends
the true value of the Gospel (1 Cor. 1:18-14).
8. SALVATION. Set forth the doctrine of Justification by Faith alone and explain why
this doctrine is so vital to the life of the Church.
Justification is the legal declaration of God with respect to a sinner who believes in
Jesus Christ. God’s justification is the solution to man’s legal problem with God--we are
guilty before God’s law, and God’s justice demands that we receive his judicial wrath. In
grace, God provides an alien righteousness in Jesus Christ. Those united to Jesus by
faith receive his righteousness in their stead. On this basis, God declares the sinner to
be forgiven and righteous before him. (Rom. 3:23-25, 4:5, 10:3, Phil. 3:9, Gal. 2:15-16).
This doctrine is vital to the life of the church because it is the heart of the Gospel. Those
who deny it or who have not received it are not Christians. There is no church apart
from God’s justification. It also helps us understand how a Holy God could receive
sinners into fellowship with himself, how we can struggle with sins but still be acceptable
to God, and why we can have the assurance of salvation. Justification by faith alone
empowers genuine, God-sent revival
9. SALVATION. Explain the Doctrines of Eternal Security and Perseverance of the
Saints. Relate these teachings to the question of falling away from salvation.
Eternal security means that Christians will always be Christians so, it is impossible for
them to miss Heaven. Their eternal destiny as inhabitants of Heaven is permanent and
therefore unchangeable. This doctrine is taught by the certain promises that God makes
to Christians (Rom. 8:29-30, John 6:37, John 10:28-30), and is the guarantee that
follows from God’s unconditional election of individuals to eternal life (Eph. 1:4-5,
Romans 9:16, 18, John 6:37, 1 Cor. 1:26-31). Perseverance of the Saints is built upon
two Biblical propositions. First, a Christian must keep believing in the Gospel until the
end of his life in order to be finally saved. This is seen especially in the New
Testament’s warning passages that teach that a false faith will prove to be a temporary
faith that can not result in eternal life (Mark 4:17, John 15:2, 6, Hebrews 3, 6:1-8, 10:26-
31, Rev. 2:7, 2:11, etc.). Second, the true Christian will continue to believe the Gospel
to the end. The salvation accomplished by Christ includes the gift of a preserving faith,
so that the Lord keeps and upholds all of his people from ever falling away. Therefore,
falling away from the faith is only possible for those people who do not have an
authentic faith, but a false, dead, self-deceived faith that is not saving faith at all.
10. CHURCH. Discuss the origin of the Church, her relationship to O.T. Israel, her
Universal and Local expressions, as well as the ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's
Supper.
Origin of the church: The church was created on Pentecost when Christ poured out the
Spirit on the first disciples. The convincing argument in my thinking is that the New
Testament gifts described of the church, such as eternal life, the Spirit’s indwelling, the
baptism of the Spirit into the body of Christ, spiritual gifts, and union with Christ, are
blessings that are exclusive to the New Covenant and that are available only after
Pentecost. Also, there is only one place that the NT calls Israel the church (Acts 7:37),
but this word probably is best translated “assembly.”
Relationship to OT Israel: The church is the fulfillment of Israel. Jesus is “Israel reduced
to one,” because he is the promised Christ who fulfilled the law and prophets. So the
true people of God are those who are united to Jesus by faith. Those who believe in
Jesus become the children of Abraham (Rom. 2, Gal. 3) and are rightly called the Israel
of God (Gal. 6:16, 1 Peter 2:8-10, Romans 2:25-29). The church is made of Jew and
Gentile in one body (Eph. 2). The New Covenant contains elements of the old along
with new spiritual realities that were foreign to Israel (see above).
Universal and Local expressions: The universal church consists of all the elect of God
from Pentecost onward. The Local church is a visible community of Christians who
covenant together to function as a New Testament church in obedience to Christ.
Ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper: Water Baptism by immersion is
commanded by Christ upon a person’s conversion to Christ. Baptism is an act of
obedience by the new convert and the church who is commanded to baptize disciples
(Mt. 28:19-20). Baptism has no saving power, but symbolizes a believer’s union with
Christ and public witness before the nations. The Lord’s supper was given by Christ to
his church as an ongoing memorial meal. It proclaims the Lord’s death and shares in
fellowship with Christ (1 Cor. 11).
11. What must Man do to be saved?
The Christian message of salvation is simple enough for everyone to understand, but
deep enough to entail a lifetime of study. Salvation is very much interconnected to other
aspects of theology such as the meaning of Christ’s Atonement, the human condition,
God’s attributes such as His justice and holiness, our eternal destiny and more. “Jesus
is Lord” is a simple statement of faith, but in relation to salvation it’s important to know
who Jesus is, who He claimed to be and what it means to believe and follow Him.
The Apostle Paul summarized the message of salvation – the Gospel – in 1 Corinthians
15, where he wrote, under divine inspiration: “Now, brothers, I want to remind you of the
gospel I preached to you, which you received and on which you have taken your stand.
By this gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you.
Otherwise, you have believed in vain. For what I received I passed on to you as of first
importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried,
that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that he appeared to
Peter, and then to the Twelve” (1 Corinthians 15:1-5 NIV).
In this passage Paul stresses the literal death and resurrection of Christ, “for our sins,”
the biblical foundations for this (acknowledging the authority of the Bible), and the proof
provided by Christ’s many post-resurrection appearances.
Christ: The Center of Salvation
But we are not expected to “just believe” and be saved, without any appeal to proof or
reason. Certainly faith plays a part in salvation, but there is a difference between blind
faith and justified faith. Even Acts 1:3, for instance, observes of Christ, “After his
suffering, he showed himself to these men and gave many convincing proofs that he
was alive,” while in Acts 26:25, Paul states that his Christian beliefs are “true and
reasonable.”
When Paul and Silas said to the jailer, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved
…” (Acts 16:31 NIV), they understand the centrality of Christ in salvation. The word
translated as “saved” is charged with deep theological implications, meaning “to save,
rescue, deliver; to heal … to be in right relationship with God, with the implication that
the condition before salvation was one of grave danger or distress” [3
12. What is the Christian Life?
The Bible teaches that the Christian life is one of constant growth. When you were born
again, you were born into God’s family. It is God’s purpose that you will grow into fill
stature and become mature in Christ. It would be against the law of God and nature if
you were to remain a baby and thus become a spiritual dwarf. In 2 Peter 3:18, the Bible
says that we are to grow. It implies steady development, constant enlargement,
increasing wisdom.
For one to grow properly certain rules must be observed for good spiritual health.
1. Read your Bible daily. Do not be content to skim through a chapter merely to
satisfy your conscience. Hide the Word of God in your heart. It comforts, guides,
corrects, encourages – all we need is there.
2. Learn the secret of prayer. Prayer is communicating. Every prayer that you pray
will be answered. Sometimes that answer may be “Yes” and sometimes “No,”
and sometimes it is “Wait,” but nevertheless it will be answered.
3. Rely constantly on the Holy Spirit. We know that the Holy Spirit prays for us
(Romans 8), and what a comfort that should be to the weakest of us. Stand aside
and let Him take over all the choices and decisions of your life.
4. Attend church regularly. The visible church is Christ’s organization upon earth.
Christians need one another, we need to gather together to worship God and
nothing can take the place of church attendance.
5. Be a witnessing Christian. We witness in two ways: by life and by word – and the
two, where possible, should go hand in hand.
6. Let love be the ruling principle of your life. Jesus said to those who followed Him,
“By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to
another” (John 13:35). The greatest demonstration of the fact that we are
Christians is that we love one another.
7. Be an obedient Christian. Let Christ have first place in all the choices of your life.
8. Learn how to meet temptation. Temptation is not sin. It is yielding that is sin. Let
Christ through the Holy Spirit do the fighting for you.
9. Be a wholesome Christian. Our lives and appearance should commend the
Gospel and make it attractive to others.
10. Live above your circumstances. Don’t let your circumstances get you down.
Learn to live graciously within them, realizing the Lord Himself is with you.
13. Explain your understanding of the relationship of the Christian to the O.T.
Law. Address the question of the role the Sabbath is to play in the Christian
Life
-The OT and the Christian today are a fulfillment of everything God did with the
Israelites
-We no longer live under the Mosaic Law, and therefore are justified by Jesus blood;
that’s what it comes down to: justification.
-This is the central theme in how OT relates to the Christian today, and how we no
longer have to live under the old rules, but live under the NC rules because of Jesus
work on the cross
-In terms of the Sabbath, it is still an important part of the Christian life because it helps
believers become closer in fellowship and grows the body through meeting and growing
together
-The Sabbath is still an important day in which we should reflect on what God does for
us and spend time resting to prepare us for whatever Christ has for us in the next week.
-The Sabbath is still an important day to look at what Christ does for us and how we can
spend time in prayer and thanksgiving spending time with God more on this day
14. Explain Christian Liberty:
-In my understanding, Christian liberty is based on living Holy lives according to God’s
purposes and enjoying the things he has created in a way that honors him. If your
choices and lifestyle cause you to stumble or others to stumble, these are things that
should be removed from your life. (Romans 14:13-23) Whether it is movies, hobbies, or
music that is harmful to your body or soul, these are all things Christians must remove
themselves from to be set a part. This is especially true of leaders in the Church and
how they must act; they must set the example, and not be caught doing or be seen
engaging in activities that someone else may perceive as sinful. This does not mean a
pastor or elder cannot enjoy certain hobbies or activities, but they must first think about
those they lead and shepherd prior to partaking in certain things. The goal as a
Christian should be to reflect Christ in all we do, and if the activity we are doing does
not, then we should avoid such activities. “Whoever thus serves Christ is acceptable to
God and approved by men. 19 So then let us pursue what makes for peace and for
mutual up building”.
-For example, certain movies, music, and media may seem un-harmful, but the
underlying values and suggestive content will erode your Christ-like character over time.
I know for myself certain workout music and lifting songs I used to listen to were edited
to block curse words, however you are still able to hear and know what the artist is
saying.
-By listening to more wholesome music and content it will help your whole heart and
soul be more in tune with God’s holiness and understanding