1 S TO I C H I O M E T R I C R E L AT I O N S H I P S

Questions

1 Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) are commonly f) Determine the amount, in mol, of

used as bath salts. However, the anhydrous Fe(NH ) (SO ) ·xH O and hence the
4 2 4 2 2

form of the salt is a drying agent. To determine value of x. [2]

the water of hydration of Epsom salts, a 2.50 g

IB, May 2008

sample of the salt was placed in a porcelain

evaporating dish and gently heated over a

3 The equation for a reaction occurring in the

Bunsen burner ame until no further changes

synthesis of methanol is:

were observed. Table 8 shows the results.

CO + 3H → CH OH + H O
2 2 3 2
dsitio mass/

What is the maximum amount of methanol

mass of evaporating basin 24.10

that can be formed from 2 mol of carbon

mass of evaporating basin + MgSO xH O 26.60

4 2
dioxide and 3 mol of hydrogen?

mass of evaporating basin after heating 25.32

A. 1 mol

Table 8
B. 2 mol

a) Calculate the mass, in g, of water

C. 3 mol

evaporated from the sample.

D. 5 mol [1]

b) Calculate the amount amount, in mol,

IB, May 2006

of H O.
2

c) Calculate the mass, in g, of MgSO

4

4 Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating as

d) Calculate the amount, in mol, of MgSO
4

shown below.

e) Calculate the ratio of amount of

MgSO : amount of H O and deduce the CaCO → CaO + CO

4 2
3 2

value of x

When 50 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed,

f) State the formula of the hydrated salt.

7 g of calcium oxide are formed. What is the

percentage yield of calcium oxide?

2 The value of x in Fe(NH ) (SO ) xH O can A. 7%

4 2 4 2 2

be found by determining the amount in

B. 25%

mol of sulfate in the compound. A 0.982 g

C. 50%

sample wasdissolved in water and excess

D. 75% [1]
BaCl (aq) was added. The precipitate of
2

IB, November 2006

BaSO was separated and dried and found to
4

weigh 1.17 g.

a) Calculate the amount, in mol, of BaSO

4
5 Ethyne, C H , reacts with oxygen according to
2 2

in the 1.17 g of precipitate. [2]

the equation below. What volume of oxygen

3 3
b) Calculate the amount, in mol, of sulfate in
(in dm ) reacts with 0.40 dm of C H ?
2 2

the 0.982 g sample of Fe(NH ) (SO ) ·xH O.

4 2 4 2 2

2C H (g) + 5O (g) → 4CO (g) + 2H O(g)

2 2 2 2 2
[1]

A. 0.40
c) Calculate the amount, in mol, of iron in the

0.982 g sample of Fe(NH ) (SO ) ·xH O. [1] B. 0.80

4 2 4 2 2

d) Determine the mass, in g, of the following C. 1.0

present in the 0.982 g sample of

D. 2.0 [1]

Fe(NH ) (SO ) ·xH O:

4 2 4 2 2
IB, November 2007

(i) iron (ii) ammonium (iii) sulfate. [3]

e) Use your answer from part (d) to determine

the amount in mol of water present in the

0.982 g sample of Fe(NH ) (SO ) ·xH O. [2]

4 2 4 2 2

34
 Q u e S T I O n S

6 A xed mass of an ideal gas has a volume of 10 A toxic gas, A, consists of 53.8 % nitrogen

800cm under certain conditions. The pressure and 46.2% carbon by mass. At 273 K and

5 3

(in kPa) and temperature (in K) are both doubled. 1.01 × 10 Pa, 1.048 g of A occupies 462 cm .

What is the volume of the gas after these changes Determine the empirical formula of A.

with other conditions remaining the same? Calculate the molar mass of the compound

anddetermine its molecular structure. [3]

3

A. 200 cm

3
IB, specimen paper 2009
B. 800 cm

C. 1600 cm

D. 3200 cm [1]
11 An oxide of copper was reduced in a stream

IB, May 2005 of hydrogen. After heating, the stream of

hydrogen gas was maintained until the

apparatus had cooled. The following results

7 Assuming complete reaction, what volume of

were obtained.

–3

0.200 mol dm potassium hydroxide solution,

Mass of empty dish = 13.80 g

3

KOH(aq) is required to neutralize 25.0 cm

Mass of dish and contents before heating =

–3

of 0.200 mol dm aqueous sulfuric acid,

21.75 g

H SO (aq)?
2 4

Mass of dish and contents after heating and

A. 12.5 cm
leaving to cool = 20.15 g

B. 25.0 cm

a) Explain why the stream of hydrogen gas was

C. 50.0 cm
maintained until the apparatus cooled. [1]

D. 75.0 cm [1]
b) Calculate the empirical formula of the oxide

IB, May 2007 of copper using the data above, assuming

complete reduction of the oxide. [3]

c) Write an equation for the reaction that

8 Copper metal may be produced by the reaction

occurred. [1]

of copper(I) oxide and copper(I) sulde

d) State two changes that would be observed

according to the below equation. [1]

inside the tube as it was heated. [2]

2Cu O + Cu S → 6Cu + SO
2 2 2 IB, November 2004

A mixture of 10.0 kg of copper(I) oxide and

5.00 kg of copper(I) sulde was heated until no

12 0.502 g of an alkali metal sulfate is dissolved

further reaction occurred.

in water and excess barium chloride solution,

a) Determine the limiting reagent in this

BaCl (aq) is added to precipitate all the
2

reaction, showing your working. [3]

sulfate ions as barium sulfate, BaSO (s). The
4

b) Calculate the maximum mass of copper precipitate is ltered and dried and weighs

that could be obtained from these masses 0.672 g.

of reactants. [2]

a) Calculate the amount (in mol) of barium

IB, May 2006

sulfate formed. [2]

b) Determine the amount (in mol) of the

alkali metal sulfate present. [1]

9 An organic compound A contains 62.0 % by

c) Determine the molar mass of the alkali

mass of carbon, 24.1% by mass of nitrogen, the

metal sulfate and state its units. [2]

remainder being hydrogen.

d) Deduce the identity of the alkali metal,

a) Determine the percentage by mass of

showing your workings. [2]

hydrogen and the empirical formula of A. [3]

e) Write an equation for the precipitation

b) Dene the term relative molecular mass. [2]

reaction, including state symbols. [2]

c) The relative molecular mass of A is 116.

IB, May 2007

Determine the molecular formula of A. [1]

IB, November 2006

35
1 S TO I C H I O M E T R I C R E L AT I O N S H I P S

13 Aspirin, one of the most widely used drugs in B. A student carried out this experiment three

the world, can be prepared according to the times, with three identical small brass nails,

equation given below. and obtained the following results.

Mass of brass = 0.456 g ± 0.001 g

OH OCOCH
3

+
O O
H

CH COOH
3
Tit 1 2 3
C C

COOH H C O CH COOH
3 3

Iitia o o 0.00 0.00 0.00

–3
salicylic acid ethanoic anhydride aspirin ethanoic acid
0.10 0 o 

2– 3

S O (± 0.05  )
2 3
A. A student reacted some salicylic acid

with excess ethanoic anhydride. Impure fia o o 28.50 28.60 28.40

–3

solid aspirin was obtained by ltering the 0.10 0 o 

2– 3

reaction mixture. Pure aspirin was obtained S O (± 0.05  )

2 3

by recrystallization. Table 9 shows the data

vo a o 28.50 28.60 28.40

recorded by the student.

–3

0.10 0 o 

2– 3

S O (± 0.10  )
Mass of salicylic acid used 3.15 ± 0.02 g 2 3

Aa o 28.50

Mass of pure aspirin obtained 2.50 ± 0.02 g

a o 0.10 0 o

–3 2–

 S O
Table 9
2 3

(± 0.10  )

i) Determine the amount, in mol, of

salicylic acid, C H (OH)COOH, used. [2]

Table 10
6 4

ii) Calculate the theoretical yield, in g,

i) Calculate the average amount, in

ofaspirin, C H (OCOCH )COOH. [2] 2

6 4 3
mol, of S O added in step 3. [2]
2 3

iii) Determine the percentage yield of

ii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of

pureaspirin. [1]
copper present in the brass. [1]

iv) State the number of signicant

iii) Calculate the mass of copper in

gures associated with the mass of

the brass. [1]

pure aspirin obtained, and calculate

iv) Calculate the percentage by mass

the percentage uncertainty associated

of copper in the brass. [1]

with this mass. [2]

v) The manufacturers claim that the

v) Another student repeated the experiment

sample of brass contains 44.2 % copper

and obtained an experimental yield

by mass. Determine the percentage

of 150%. The teacher checked the

error in the result. [1]

calculations and found no errors.

IB, May 2010

Commenton the result. [1]

IB, May 2009

14 Brass is a copper-containing alloy with many

uses. An analysis is carried out to determine the

percentage of copper present in three identical

samples of brass. The reactions involved in this

analysis are shown below.

Step 1: Cu(s) + 2HNO (aq) + 2H (aq) →

3

2+

Cu (aq) + 2NO (g) + 2H O(l)

2 2

2+

Step 2: 4I (aq) + 2Cu (aq) → 2CuI(s) + I (aq)

2

2 2

Step 3: I (aq) + 2S O (aq) → 2I (aq) + S O (aq)

2 2 3 4 6

36