A GUIDEBOOK ON

THE IDENTIFICATION AND

CLASSIFICATION
OF SCHEDULED WASTES

ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA

(EiMAS)
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

First Edition
 A Guidebook on the Identification and
Classification of Scheduled Wastes

PUBLISHED BY :
ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA (EiMAS)
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

FIRST EDITION
OCTOBER, 2015

ISBN ……………………………………….

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND

ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA CAMPUS
LOCKED BAG NO. 24, 43600, UKM BANGI
SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

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 A Guidebook on the Identification and
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF APPENDICES iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v
LIST OF GLOSSARY vi
FOREWORD x
IMPORTANT NOTICE xi
PART I INTRODUCTION 1
1. Introduction 2
2. Definition Of Scheduled Waste In Malaysia 2
3. Hazardous Waste Characteristics 3

PART II PART II IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION 14

4. Identification And Classification Of 15
Scheduled Waste
5. Properties And Descriptions Of Scheduled 18
Waste
6. Criteria for Identifying the Characteristics 23
of Scheduled Wastes
7. Summary for Identification of Hazardous 25
and Scheduled Waste Characteristics
8. Typical Categories of Scheduled Wastes 26
9. Selection Of Containers Storing Scheduled 65
Wastes

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10. Labelling Of Scheduled Wastes Containers 70

11. Placing/Filling/Packing of Incompatible 74
Scheduled Wastes In Containers
12. Other Documents 74

REFERENCES 90

LIST OF TABLES

TITLE
PAGE

Table 1 Characteristics Of Hazardous Wastes 5

Basis for Scheduled Wastes
Table 2 19
Identification
Suggested packaging according to
Table 3 67
waste types and characteristics

LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
Figure 1 Diagram of Characteristics Of 4
Hazardous Wastes

Figure 2 Hazardous Properties, Characteristics 13

And Criteria Of Scheduled Wastes

Figure 3 Identification Of Hazardous Wastes 16

Figure 4 Example of Identifying Scheduled 17
Wastes from Printing Industry
Figure 5 Scheduled Wastes Identification 18
Process
Figure 6 Physical Nature Of Wastes 22

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 A Guidebook on the Identification and
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Figure 7 Systematic Approach To Determine, 23

Identify And Classify Scheduled Wastes
Figure 8 Typical Categories of Scheduled 26
Wastes
Figure 9 Examples of waste characteristic labels 71
Figure 10 Example of label for scheduled wastes 73
container

LIST OFAPPENDICES
TITLE PAGE
Appendix 1 Table 1. Maximum Concentration of 75
Contaminants for the Toxicity
Characteristic LeachingProcedure
(TCLP)

Appendix 2 Table 2. Compositional Analysis (Dry 77

Basis)

Appendix 3 Third Schedule 80

Labelling Requirement For Scheduled

Wastes

Appendix 4 Scheduled Wastes Of Potential 86

Incompatibility

TITLE PAGE
LIST OF DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT (DOE) OFFICES 91

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 A Guidebook on the Identification and
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Ag Silver
Al Aluminium
As Arsenic
Ba Barium
Be Beryllium
Cd Cadmium
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
Cr Chromium
Cu Copper
F Fluorine
Hg Mercury
Li Lithium
Mn Manganese
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
Ni Nickel
Pb Plumbum
Pb Lead
PCB polychlorinated biphenyls
PCT polychlorinated triphenyls
Sb Antimony
Se Selenium
Se Selenium
Sn Tin
SW Scheduled wastes
TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
Te Tellurium
Th Thorium
USEPA United States Protection Agency
V Vanadium

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GLOSSARY

Aluminium The process of extracting aluminium from its

smelting oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult
electrolysis process. Alumina is extracted
from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer
process at an alumina refinery

Boiling point Temperature at which a liquid starts to boil

and become a gas.

Corrosivity Corrosivity characteristic identifies wastes

characteristic that are acidic or alkaline (basic) which
can readily corrode or dissolve flesh, metals
or other materials.

Density A measurement of mass contained in a

given unit volume; mass/volume

Fire point Temperature at which the vapour

concentration of combustible liquid is
sufficient to sustain combustion

Flash point Temperature at which a substance give off

sufficient amount of vapour to form
ignitable mixture with air.

Galvanizing The process of applying a

process protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to
prevent rusting. The most common method
is hot-dip galvanization, in which parts are
submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
Galvanizing protects in two ways:

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 it forms a coating of corrosion-resistant

zinc which prevents corrosive
substances from reaching the more
delicate part of the metal vi

 the zinc serves as a sacrificial anode so

that even if the coating is scratched, the
exposed steel will still be protected by
the remaining zinc.

Ignitability Ignitability characteristic identifies waste

characteristic materials that can readily catch fire,
combustible, flammable and sustain
combustion.

Infectious or A waste is also classified as hazardous if it

Pathogenic contains infectious or pathogenic
characteristics and has the ability to spread
diseases or illnesses through bacteria, virus,
fungus or other microorganisms.

Organometalli Organometallic chemistry is the study of

c compounds chemical compounds containing at least
one bond between a carbon atom of an
organic compound and a metal.
Organometallic chemistry combines
aspects of inorganic chemistry and organic
chemistry.

Organotin Organotin compounds or stannanes are

compounds chemical compounds based on tin with
hydrocarbon substituents. Organotin
chemistry is part of the wider field of
organometallic chemistry

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Pensky- Determines the lowest temperature at

Martens closed which the fumes or vapours above a waste
cup tester or a will ignite when exposed to flame
Seta flash
closed cup
tester (flash
point test

Reactivity Reactivity characteristic identifies wastes

characteristic that readily explode or undergo violent
reactions or react to release toxic gases or
fumes.

Recovery of Spent pickle liquor contains a mixture of the

acid pickling residual unreacted free hydrofluoric and
liquor nitric acid as well as metal salts of those
acids. By removing the metal fluoride and
nitrate salts and replenishing the free acid
concentrations with fresh acid, it is possible
to extend the bath life indefinitely. This is the
basis of operation of a so-called purification
system.

Smelting Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy;

its main use is to produce a base metal from
its ore. This includes production of silver, iron,
copper and other base metals from their
ores.

Soldering Soldering is a process in which two or more

process metal items are joined together by melting
and flowing a filler metal (solder) into the
joint, the filler metal having a lower melting
point than the adjoining metal.

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Solubility Quantity of solute dissolves into a given

amount of solvent at specified temperature
and pressure

Toxicity Harmful effect by a poisonous substance on

the human body by physical contact,
inhalation or ingestion.

Toxicity Waste is hazardous by virtue of the toxicity

characteristic characteristic if it exceeds specified
concentrations of certain metals and
organic compounds as listed by reference
in the regulations.

USEPA designed a laboratory procedure

known as Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP) to estimate the leaching
potential of waste when disposed of in a
landfill. The TCLP test is to identify waste
likely to leach dangerous concentrations of
certain known toxic chemicals into
groundwater.

Toxicity A laboratory procedure designed by USEPA

Characteristic to estimate the leaching potential of waste
Leaching when disposed of in a landfill.
Procedure
(TCLP)

Vapour A gas phase of a component of a

substance, state of matter.

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FOREWORD

Generation of scheduled wastes must be controlled to protect

public health and the environment. Safe handling of scheduled
wastes during their generation requires special knowledge of
the characteristics and properties of the wastes. Hence, proper
identification and classification of scheduled wastes are crucial
to eliminate or minimize their potential hazards to human and
pollution risks to the environment.

The current Scheduled Wastes Regulations in Malaysia have

served a purpose in providing the essential regulatory
framework on scheduled wastes management in Malaysia.
These set of regulations encompasses the obligation and
responsibility of waste generators as well as contractors in
proper and safe handling of scheduled wastes. Key provision of
the regulations are focused on the control of the generation of
wastes by notification system, minimization of wastes
generation, safe storage, licensing of scheduled wastes facilities,
treatment and disposal of wastes at prescribed premises and
implementation of manifest system for tracking and controlling
movement of wastes.

This guidebook aims to be used as quick reference for industries

in the identification and classification of scheduled wastes. It is
hoped that this guidebook will further increase the level of self-
compliance by the industry and thus ensure the quality of
environmental sustainability and protection of public health and
environment. This guide book shall be in addition to and not in
derogation of any written law.

“Protecting the Environment is Our Shared Responsibility”

(DATO’ HALIMAH HASSAN)

Director General
Department of Environment, Malaysia
October 2015 x
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IMPORTANT NOTICE

This document is intended only as a quick

reference/guide for the identification and
classification of scheduled wastes by the industries.
The Department of Environment assumes no
responsibility for the accuracy, adequacy, or
completeness of the concepts, methodologies, or
protocols described in this quick reference/guide
book. Compliance with the regulatory requirements
and standards is solely the responsibility of the
industries

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