Q1.

Classify each of the following chemical reactions as a combination, decomposition,

displacement, exchange, or combustion reaction.
A) 2KNO3 ⟶ 2KNO2 1 O2
B) Zn + 2AgNO3 ⟶ Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
C) Ni(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ⟶ Ni(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
D) 3Mg + N2 ⟶ Mg3N2

Q2. For the redox reaction;

FeO + CO ⟶ Fe + CO2
identify the following.
A) The substance oxidized
B) The substance reduced
C) The oxidizing agent
D) The reducing agent

Q3. Write the chemical formula for each of the following.

A) Conjugate of base of HSO4-
B) Conjugate of acid of NO3-
C) Conjugate of base of H3PO4
D) Conjugate of acid of HC2O4-
E) Conjugate of acid of ClO3-
F) Conjugate of base of NH3
G) Conjugate of acid of PO43-
H) Conjugate of base of HS-

Q4. A 0.0100 M solution of acid, HA, is 15% ionized. Calculate the acid ionization of this acid.

Q5. Sufficient acid solution is added to a quantity of water to produce a solution with 4.0 x 10-3 M
H3O+. What is the OH- concentration in this solution?

Q6. Calculate the pH of the following solutions.

A) 1.0 x 10-6 H3O+
B) 1.0 x 10-6 OH-
C) 7.23 x 10-8 H3O+
D) 5.70 x 10-3 H3O+

Q7. The pH of a solution is 3.44. What is the hydronium ion concentration of this solution?

Q8. Determine the pKa of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, given that Ka for this acid is 1.8 x 10-5.

Q9. Predict whether each of the following pairs of substances could function as buffer system in
aqueous solution.
A) HCl/NaCl
B) HCN/KCN
C) HCl/HCN
D) NaCN/KCN

Q10. Write an equation for each of the buffering action.

A) The response of H2PO4-/HPO42- buffer to addition of H3O+.
B) The response of HCN/CN- buffer to addition of OH-.

Q11. What is the pH of a solution that is 0.5 M in formic acid (HCHO2) and 1.0 M in sodium formate
(NaCHO2). The pKa for formic acid is 3.74.
Q12. How many mEq of potassium are there in 750 mL of solution that has a K+ concentration of
58.65 mg/L? (Note: The molar mass of potassium, given in the periodic table, is 39.1 g/mol.)

Q13. What is the concentration, in g/ml, of a solution containing 4 mEq of calcium chloride
(CaCl2.2H2O) per milliliter? (MWCa : 40.08 g/mol, MWCl : 35.45 g/mol MWH : 1.008 g/mol and MWO
: 16.00)

Q14. What is the concentration, in g/ml, of a solution containing 4 mEq of calcium ion in calcium
chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) per milliliter?

Q15. What is the concentration, in g/ml, of a solution containing 4 mEq of chloride ion in calcium
chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) per milliliter?

Q16. In a sulfuric acid (H2SO4)-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) acid-base titration, 17,3 mL of 0.126 M
NaOH is needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of H2SO4 of unknown concentration. Find the molarity of
H2SO4 solution, given the neutralization reaction that occurs is

H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) ⟶ Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Q17. Consider this balanced chemical equation:

H2O2(aq) + 3I-(aq) + 2H+(aq) ⟶ I3-(aq) + 2H2O(l )
In the first 10.0 seconds of the reaction, the concentration of I- drops from 1.000 M to 0.868 M.
(a) Calculate the average rate of this reaction in this time interval.
(b) Determine the rate of change in the concentration of H+ (that is, Δ[H+]/Δt) during this time interval.

Q18. Consider the equation:

CHCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⟶ CCl4(g) + HCl(g)

The initial rate of reaction is measured at several different concentrations of the reactants with the
tabulated results shown here.

From the data, determine:

A) the rate law for the reaction
B) the rate constant (k) for the reaction

Q19. A 1.00 mol sample of NOCl was placed in a 2.00 L reactor and heated to 227°C until the system
reached equilibrium. The contents of the reactor were then analyzed and found to contain 0.056 mol of
Cl2. Calculate K at this temperature. The equation for the decomposition of NOCl to NO and Cl2 is as
follows:
2NOCl(g)↽−−⇀2NO(g)+Cl2(g)

Q20. Suppose you find a penny (minted before 1982, when pennies were almost entirely copper) in
the snow. How much heat is absorbed by the penny as it warms from the temperature of the snow,
which is -8.0 °C, to the temperature of your body, 37.0 °C? Assume the penny is pure copper and has
a mass of 3.10 g. CCu = 0.385 J/(°C gr)
Q21. To determine whether a shiny gold-colored rock is actually gold, a chemistry student decides to
measure its heat capacity. She first weighs the rock and finds it has a mass of 4.7 g. She then finds that
upon absorption of 57.2 J of heat, the temperature of the rock rises from 25 °C to 57°C. Find the
specific heat capacity of the substance composing the rock and determine whether the value is
consistent with the rock being pure gold.

Q22. A 32.5 g cube of aluminum initially at 45.8°C is submerged into 105.3 g of water at 15.4 °C.
What is the final temperature of both substances at thermal equilibrium? (Assume that the aluminum
and the water are thermally isolated from everything else.) CAl = 0.903 J/(°C gr) and CH2O = 4.18 J/(°C
gr)

Q23. A block of copper of unknown mass has an initial temperature of 65.4°C. The copper is
immersed in a beaker containing 95.7 g of water at 22.7°C. When the two substances reach thermal
equilibrium, the final temperature is 24.2 °C. What is the mass of the copper block? CCu = 0.385 J/(°C
gr) and CH2O = 4.18 J/(°C gr)

Q24. To inflate a balloon you must do pressure–volume work on the surroundings. If you inflate a
balloon from a volume of 0.100 L to 1.85 L against an external pressure of 1.00 atm, how much work
is done (in joules)? (101.3 J = 1 L. atm)

Q25. A cylinder equipped with a piston expands against an external pressure of 1.58 atm. If the initial
volume is 0.485 L and the final volume is 1.245 L, how much work (in J) is done?

Q26. When fuel is burned in a cylinder equipped with a piston, the volume expands from 0.255 L to
1.45 L against an external pressure of 1.02 atm. In addition, 875 J is emitted as heat. What is ΔE for
the burning of the fuel?

Q27. When 1.010 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) undergoes combustion in a bomb calorimeter, the
temperature rises from 24.92°C to 28.33°C. Find ΔErxn for the combustion of sucrose in kJ/mol
sucrose. The heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter, determined in a separate experiment, is 4.90
kJ/°C. (You can ignore the heat capacity of the small sample of sucrose because it is negligible
compared to the heat capacity of the calorimeter.)

Q28. When 1.550 g of liquid hexane (C6H14) undergoes combustion in a bomb calorimeter, the
temperature rises from 25.87°C to 38.13°C. Find ΔErxn for the reaction in kJ/mol hexane. The heat
capacity of the bomb calorimeter, determined in a separate experiment, is 5.73 kJ/°C.

Q29. Lighters are usually fueled by butane (C4H10). When 1 mole of butane burns at constant pressure,
it produces 2658 kJ of heat and does 3 kJ of work. What are the values of ΔH and ΔE for the
combustion of one mole of butane?

Q30. What mass of butane in grams is necessary to produce 1.5 x 103 kJ of heat? What mass of CO2 is
produced?

C4H10(g) + 13/2O2(g) ⟶ 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(g) ΔHrxn = -2658 kJ

Q31. Ammonia reacts with oxygen according to the equation:

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⟶ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) ΔHrxn = -906 kJ

Calculate the heat (in kJ) associated with the complete reaction of 155 g of NH3

Q32. An LP gas tank in a home barbeque contains 13.2 kg of propane, C3H8. Calculate the heat (in kJ)
associated with the complete combustion of all of the propane in the tank.
 C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) ⟶ 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) ΔHrxn = -2044 kJ

Q33. Magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the balanced equation:

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) ⟶ MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

In an experiment to determine the enthalpy change for this reaction, 0.158 g of Mg metal is combined
with enough HCl to make 100.0 mL of solution in a coffee-cup calorimeter. The HCl is sufficiently
concentrated so that the Mg completely reacts. The temperature of the solution rises from 25.6°C to
32.8°C as a result of the reaction. Find ΔHrxn for the reaction as written. Use 1.00 g/mL as the density
of the solution and Cs, soln = 4.18 J/g°C as the specific heat capacity of the solution.

Q34. The addition of hydrochloric acid to a silver nitrate solution precipitates silver chloride according
to the reaction:

AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) ⟶ AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

When 50.0 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 is combined with 50.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl in a coffee-cup
calorimeter, the temperature changes from 23.40°C to 24.21°C. Calculate ΔHrxn for the reaction as
written. Use 1.00 g/mL as the density of the solution
and C = 4.18 J/g °C as the specific heat capacity.

Q35. Use the standard enthalpy of formation to determine ΔHrxn for the reaction.

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⟶ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Q36. The thermite reaction, in which powdered aluminum reacts with iron oxide, is highly
exothermic.

2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) ⟶ Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)

Use standard enthalpies of formation to determine ΔH°rxn for the thermite reaction.