Department of Mathematics

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad

Class: B. Tech. II Semester Branch: Chemical Engineering & Mechanical Engineering

Course: Mathematics-II Course Code: MA12102 & MA12106
Session: 2022-23 Course Instructor: Dr. Supriya Yadav
Topic: Fourier Series and
Fourier Integral

Note: Following are the problems which are required to be done by the students for an
overall understanding of the topics.
(𝜋−𝑥)2
Q.1 Obtain the Fourier series to represent 𝑓(𝑥) = in the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋. Hence
4
obtain the following relations:
1 1 1 1 𝜋2
(i) + 22 + 32 + 42 +. . . =
12 6
1 1 1 1 𝜋2
(ii) 12 − 22 + 32 − 42 +. . . = 12
1 1 1 1 𝜋2
(iii) 12 + 32 + 52 + 72 +. . . = 8

(𝜋−𝑥)
Q.2 Obtain the Fourier series to represent 𝑓(𝑥) = in the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋. Deduce
2
1 1 1 𝜋
that 1 − 3 + 5 − 7 +. . . = 4 .

Q.3 Obtain the Fourier series to represent the following functions (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 in the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋.

Q.4 Find the Fourier series to represent the following functions (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑎 𝑥 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2
𝑥 3 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥| (v) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥| (vi) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 in the
4
interval −𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋.

Q.5 Find the Fourier series to represent the following function 𝑓(𝑥) =
−𝑘, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 − 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 0 1 1 1 𝜋
{ , deduce that 1 − 3 + 5 − 7 +. . . = 4 .
𝑘, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋

Q.6 Find the Fourier series to represent the following function 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 − 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 0
{ .
−𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝜋

Q.7 Find the Fourier series to represent the following periodic function of period 2𝜋
𝑥 + 𝜋, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = { .
−𝑥 − 𝜋, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
Q. 8 Find the Fourier series to represent the following periodic function of period 2𝜋
0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 − 𝜋 < 𝑥 ≤ 0 1 1 1 𝜋2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 . Hence, show that 1 + 22 + 32 + 42 +. . . = 8 and 1 − 22 +
𝑥 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝜋
1 1 𝜋2
− 42 +. . . = .
32 12

Q. 9 Find the Fourier series to represent the following periodic function of period 4
1 1 1 𝜋2
𝑓(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥 2 , −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. Hence, show that 1 − 22 + 32 − 42 +. . . = 12.

Q. 10 Find the Fourier series to represent the following periodic function of period 2
1 1 1 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥, −1 < 𝑥 < 1. Hence, show that 1 − 3 + 5 − 7 +. . . = 4.

Q.11 Obtain the Fourier series to represent the following function 𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥
1 + 𝑙 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 − 𝑙 < 𝑥 < 0
{ 2𝑥 .
1 − , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑙
𝑙

Q.12 Obtain cosine and sine series for 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 in the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋. Hence, show that
1 1 1 𝜋2
+ 32 + 52 +. . . = .
12 8

Q.13 Find the half-range cosine series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2 in the interval 0 <
1 1 1 𝜋2 1 1 1 1 𝜋2 1
𝑥 < 1. Hence, show that (i) + 22 + 32 +. . . = (ii) − 22 + 32 − 42 +. . . = (iii) ) +
12 6 12 12 12
1 1 1 𝜋2
+ 52 + 72 +. . . = .
32 8

Q.14 Obtain the half-range sine series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 in the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 3.

𝑘 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑙/2
Q.15 Find the half-range cosine series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { .
𝑘 (𝑙 − 𝑥), 𝑙/2 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑙
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
Q.16 Find the half-range sine series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋 𝜋.
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, ≤𝑥≤
4 2

Q.17 Find the complex form of Fourier series of 𝑓(𝑥) on the given interval

1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
𝑥, −𝜋 < 𝑥 ≤ 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
− |𝑥|
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 , −2 < 𝑥 < 2.

Q.18 Find the frequency spectrum of 𝑓(𝑥) on the given interval

𝜋
0, − 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋 , 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝜋 = 𝑓(𝑥))
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝜋
−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, − 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋 , 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝜋 = 𝑓(𝑥)).
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

Q.19 Find the Fourier Integral representations of the following functions

 𝑒 𝑥 , |𝑥| < 2
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, |𝑥| > 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, − 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
0, |𝑥| > 2
−|𝑥| |𝑥|
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑒 , <1
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑥 2 , |𝑥| ≤ 3
(iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

Q.20 Find the Fourier sine integrals of the following functions

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑥 > 3
0, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 1, 1 < 𝑥 < 2
0, 𝑥>2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
(iii) (𝑥) = { .
0, 𝑥 > 𝜋

Q.21 Find the complex form of the Fourier integrals of the following functions

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 2𝑥, |𝑥| ≤ 𝑎

(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, |𝑥| > 𝑎
1 + 𝑥, |𝑥| ≤ 1
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, |𝑥| > 1
0, 𝑥<0
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = { −𝑘 𝑥 .
𝑒 , 𝑥 > 0, 𝑘 > 0