MENTAL MATHS

STRATEGIES

● NO REGROUPING ( Addition , Subtraction, Division, Multipication)

● ADDITION

● SUBTRACTION

● MULTIPLICATION

● DIVISION

● DIVISIBILITYY RULES

● PRIME NOs. & COMPOSITE NOs.

● ODD & EVEN NOs.

● AREA & PERIMETER FORMULAE

● MEASUREMENTS

● TIME

● FRACTION

● DECIMALS

● SHAPES & SYMMETRY

● Practice ROUNDING NUMBERS

● Practice MULTIPLES & FACTORS

● Practice AVERAGE

● Practice GRAPH

● Practice RATIO

● Practice PERCENTAGE

● Practice POSITION & MOVEMENT

● Practice PROBABILITY

● TABLES

NO REGROUPING
(Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)

1. Eg. Of Addition: 2.327+ 1.441 = 3.768

2. Eg. Of Subtraction: 7.593 – 2.381 = 5.212

3. Eg. Of Multiplication:
i. 52 X 3
= 50 X 3 + 2 X 3
= 150 + 6
= 156

ii. 423 X 2
= 400 X 2 + 20 X 2 + 3 X 2
 = 800 + 40 + 6
= 846

4. Eg. Of Division:
i. 640 ÷ 2
= 600 ÷ 2 + 40 ÷ 2
= 300+ 20
= 320

ii. 1290 ÷ 3
= 1200 ÷ 3 + 90 ÷ 3
=400 + 30
= 430

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ADDITION

❖ Doubles Plus One

❖ Doubles Plus Two

❖ Making 10, 100 & 1000

❖ Adding 10’s, 100’s & 1000’s

❖ Plus 8 & 9

❖ Compensation
❖ Doubles Plus One : Use the Double & then add one more

Eg.: 4 + 5 = Double of 4 = 8 + 1 = 9
7+8 = Double of 7 = 14 + 1 = 15

Note: Extensions
If 4 + 5 = 9, then 40 + 50 = 90 & 400 + 500 = 900
If 7 + 8 = 15, then 70 + 80 = 150 & 700 + 800 = 1500

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❖ Doubles Plus Two : Use the Double & then add two more

Eg.: 3 + 5 = Doubles of 3 = 6 + 2 = 8

2 + 4 = Doubles of 2 = 4 + 2 = 6

Note: Extensions
If 3 + 5 = 8, then 30 + 50 = 80 & 300 + 500 = 800
If 2 + 4 = 6, then 20 + 40 = 60 & 200 + 400 = 600
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❖ Making 10, 100 & 1000 : Need to memorize the number
combinations that make 10.

Eg.: 2 + 8 = 10, 3 +7 = 10, 4 + 6 = 10

Note:
If 2 + 8 = 10, then 20 + 80 = 100 & 200 + 800 = 1000
If 4 + 6 = 10, then 40 + 60 = 100 & 400 + 600 = 1000

❖ Adding 10’s, 100’s 1000’s:

 Eg. : 32 + 10 = 42

245 + 100 = 345

1354 + 1000 = 2354

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❖ Plus 8 & 9: Taking a no. from the addened to make a no. 10

Eg. :

i. 8+ 7

=10 + 5 = 15 (8 takes 2 from 7 to make itself 10)

ii. 29 + 6
= 30 + 5 = 35 ( 29 takes 1 from 6 to make itself 30)

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❖ Compensation:

Eg. : 14 + 19
= 14 + 20 (here we add 1 to 19 to make it 20)
= 34 – 1 (after adding the nos. we need to deduct that 1 which we
added to 19 from the answer)
= 33

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 SUBTRACTION

❖ Subtract in Parts

❖ Use known Subtraction facts

❖ Compensation

❖ Jump Strategy

❖ Subtract in Parts:
Eg. :
i. 62 – 7
= 62 – 2 – 5
= 60 – 5
= 55

ii. 43 – 7
= 43 – 3 – 4
= 40 – 4
= 36

iii. 55 – 8
= 55 – 5 – 3
= 50 – 3
= 47

iv. 78 – 35
= 78 – 30 – 5
= 48 - 5
= 43
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❖ Use known Subtraction facts

Eg.:
 i. 52 – 8
= 12 – 8
=4
= 44

ii. 93 – 6
= 13 – 6
=7
= 87
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❖ Compensation:
Eg.:
i. 83 – 29
= 83 – 30 ( 29 +1 )
= 53
= 53 + 1
= 54

ii. 116 – 38
= 116 – 40 ( 38 + 2 )
= 100 – 40
= 60 + 16
= 76
= 76 + 2
= 78
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❖ Jump Strategy :

Eg.:
i. 79 – 53
= 79 – 50 ( 53 – 3 )
= 29
= 29 – 3
= 26

ii. 200 – 32
= 200 – 30 ( 32 – 2 )
= 170
= 170 – 2
= 168

iii. 365 – 74
= 365 – 70 ( 74 – 4 )
= 300 – 70
= 230 + 65
= 295
= 295 – 4
= 291
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 MULTIPLICATION

❖ Multiplying 10’s, 100’s & 1000’s

❖ Round up or round down the multiples

❖ Multiplication Facts or Distributive Principle in 10s, 100s, & 1000s

❖ How to Double & Make half?

❖ Multiplying by Halving & Doubling Finding Compatible factors

❖ Compensation

❖ Multiplication of tenths, hundredths & thousandths

❖ Multiplying 10’s, 100’s & 1000’s:

When multiplying 10’s, 100’s & 1000’s to any number, you just have to
add those many zeros to the number.

Eg.:

i. 95 X 10 = 950
ii. 6 X 10 = 60
iii. 142 X 100 = 14200
iv. 98 X 100 = 9800
v. 4 X 1000 = 4000
vi. 17 X 1000 = 17000
vii. 400 X 20
=4X2
=8
 = 8 000 (Added 00 from 400 & 0 from 20 to 8)

viii. 9000 X 50
=5X9
= 45
= 450000 (Added 000 from 9000 & 0 from 50 to 45)

❖ Round up or round down the multiples:

Eg.

i. 28 X 15
= 30 X 15 – 2 X 15
= 450 – 30
= 420

ii. 22 X 46
= 20 X 46 + 2 X 46
= 920 + 92
= 1012

❖ Multiplication Facts or Distributive Principle in 10s, 100s, & 1000s:

Eg.:

i. 17 X 8
= 10 X 8 + 7 X 8
= 80 + 56
= 136

ii. 26 X 6
 = 20X 6 + 6 X 6
= 120 + 36
= 156

iii. 2 X 706
= 700 X 2 + 00 X 2 + 6 X 2
= 1400 + 00 + 12
= 1412

iv. 5 X 6100
= 5 X 6000 + 5 X 100+ 5 X 00 + 5 X 0
= 30000 + 500 + 00 + 0
= 30500

❖ How to Double & make half?

A ) Double :
Eg. :
i. Double of 53
= 50 X 2 + 3 X 2
= 100 + 6
= 106

ii. Double of 69
= 60 X 2 + 9 X 2
= 120 + 18
= 138

B) Half:

Eg. :
 i. Half of 64
= 60 ÷ 2 + 4 ÷ 2
= 30 + 2
=32

ii. Half of 72
= 70 ÷ 2 + 2 ÷ 2
=35 + 1
= 36

❖ Multiplying by Halving & Doubling:

Eg.
i. 18 X 15
Strategy 1 : 18 X 15
= 9 X 2 X 15
= 9 X 30
= 270

Strategy 2 : 18 X 15
= 9 (Half 18) X 30 ( Double 15)
= 270

ii. 55 X 14
Strategy 1 : 55 X 2 X 7
= 110 X 7
= 770
Strategy 2 : 110 ( Doubling 55) X 7 ( Half 14 )
= 110 X 7
= 770
 iii. 500 X 88
Strategy 2 : 1000 ( Doubling 500) X 44 ( Half 88)
= 1000 X 44
= 44000

iv. 12 X 2.5
= 6 (Half 12) X 5 (Doubling 2.5)
=6X5
= 30

v. 4.5 X 2.2
= 9 (Doubling 4.5 ) X 1.1 ( Half 2.2)
= 9 X 1.1
= 9.9

vi. 140 X 35
= 70 ( Half 140) X 70 ( Doubling 35)
= = 4900

❖ Finding Compatible factors:

Eg. :

i. 25 X63 X 4

= 25 X 4 (First we multiply)

= 100

= 100 X 63 (Then we multiply 100 with 63)

= 6300
ii. 250 X 56 X 4
= 250 X 4 (25 X 4 =100 & then remaining 0 , that comes to1000 )
= 1000
= 1000 X 250 (Then we multiply 1000 with 250)
= 250000
iii. 25 X 28
= 25 X 7 X 4
=100 X 7
= 700

❖ Compensation

Eg.:
i. 6 X 4.98
= 6 X 5 (We round up 4.98 to 5)
= 30
= 6 X 0.02 (Then we multiply 6 to 0.02 / we get 0.02 by
subtracting 5 – 4.98)
= 0.12
= 30 - 0.12
= 29.88

ii. 4.98 X 2
= 5 X 2 (We round up 4.98 to 5)
= 10
= 2 X 0.02 (Then we multiply 2 to 0.02 / we get 0.02
by subtracting 5 – 4.98)
= 0.04
= 10 – 0.04
 = 9. 96

❖ Multiplication of tenths, hundredths & thousandths:

Eg.:

A) Multiply with 0.1

i. 5 X 0.1 ( here 5 ones will decrease to 5 tenths)

= 0.5

ii. 0.4 X 0.1 ( here 4 tenths will decrease to 4 hundredths)

= 0.04

B) Multiply with 0.01

i. 5 X 0.01 ( here 5 ones will decrease to 5 hundredths)
= 0.05
ii. 0.4 X 0.01 ( here 4 tenths will decrease to 4
thousandths)
= 0.004

C) Multiply with 0.001

i. 5 X 0.001 ( here 5 ones will decrease to 5 thousandths)
= 0.005
 DIVISION

❖ Dividing by 10, 100 & 1000

❖ Dividing by tenths, hundredths & thousandths

❖ Division when divisor is a multiple of 10 & the dividend is a

multiple of divisor
❖ Using Division Facts of tens, hundreds & thousands

❖ Partitioning the dividend

❖ Compensation

❖ Balancing for a Constant Quotient

❖ Division with remainder

 ❖ Dividing by 10, 100 & 1000:

Eg.:

i. 340 ÷ `10
= 34 (Here we cut 0 of 10 & 0 of 340)

ii. 7600 ÷ 10
= 760 (Here we cut 0 of 7600 & 0 of 10)

iii. 6700 ÷ 100

= 67 (Here we cut 00 of 6700 & 00 of 100 )

iv. 98000 ÷ 100

= 980 (Here we cut 00 of 98000 & 00 of 10 )

v. 87000 ÷ 1000
 = 87 (Here we cut 000 of 87000 & 000 of 1000)

vi. 540000 ÷ 1000

= 540 (Here we cut 000 of 540000 & 000 of 1000)

❖ Dividing by tenths, hundredths & thousandths:

Eg.:

i. 3 ÷ 0.1
= 30 (3 ones will increase to 3 tens)

ii. 0.4 ÷ 0.1

= 4 (4 tenths will increase to 4 ones )

iii. 30.42 ÷ 0.1

= 304.2 (3 tens will increase to 3 hundreds, 0 ones will
increase to 0 tens, 4 tenths will increase to 4 ones & 2
hundredths will increase to 2 tenths)

iv. 8 ÷ 0.01
= 800 (8 ones will become 8 hundreds)

v. 0.4 ÷ 0.01
= 40 ( 4 tenths will increase to 4 tens)

vi. 3.7 ÷ 0.01

= 370 ( 3 ones will increase to 3 hundreds, 7 tenths will
increase to 7 tens & 0 will come in ones place)

vii. 9 ÷ 0.001
 = 9000 (9 ones will increase to 9 thousands)

viii. 0.5 ÷ 0.001

= 500 ( 5 tenths will increase to 4 hundreds)

ix. 6.2 ÷ 0.001

= 6200 ( 6 ones will increase to 6 thousands, 2 tenths will
increase to 2 hundreds & 0 will come in tens place & 0 will
come in ones place)

❖ Division when divisor is a multiple of 10 & the dividend is a

multiple of divisor:

Eg.: 400 ÷ 20
= 20 ( Cut 0 0f 400 and cut 0 of 20 & then divide 40 by 2)
❖ Using Division Facts of tens, hundreds & thousands:

Eg. :
i. 60 ÷ 2
= 6 ÷ 2 (First divide 6 by 2 & place the 0 later )
= 3 (Then place the 0 )
= 30

ii. 2400 ÷ 8
= 24 ÷ 8 (First divide 24 by 8 & place the 00 later)
= 3 (Then place the 00)
= 300

iii. 10000 ÷ 2
= 10 ÷ 2 (First divide 10 by 2 & place the 000 later)
 = 5 (Then place the 000)
= 5000

❖ Partitioning the dividend:

Eg. :

i. 372 ÷ 6
= (360 + 12) ÷ 6
= (60 + 2)
= 62

ii. 3150 ÷ 5
= (3000 + 150) ÷ 5
= (600 + 30)
= 630

❖ Compensation:

Eg. :
i. 348 ÷ 6
= 360 ÷ 6
= 60
= 360 – 348
=12
=12 ÷6
=2
= 60 – 2
= 58

ii. 1393 ÷ 7
 = 1400 ÷ 7
= 200
= 1400 – 1393
=7
=7÷7
=1
= 200 – 1
= 199

❖ Balancing for a Constant Quotient:

Eg. :

i. 125 ÷ 5
= 250 ÷ 10 ( 125 X 2 ÷ 5 X 2 )
= 25

ii. 120 ÷ 2.5

= 480 ÷ 10 (120 X 4 ÷ 2.5 X 4)
= 48

iii. 23.5 ÷ 0.5

= 47 ÷ 1 (23.5 X 2 ÷ 0.5 X 2 )
= 47

❖ Division with remainder:

Eg,:

i. 738 ÷ 7
= 700 ÷ 7 + 38 ÷ 7
= (100 + 5.3)
 = 105.3

ii. 531 ÷ 4
= (500 ÷ 4 + 31 ÷ 4 )
= (125 + 7.3)
= 132.3

iii. 1335 ÷ 13
iv. = ( 1300 + 35) ÷ 13
v. = ( 100 + 2.9)
= 102.9

DIVISIBILITY RULES
A number Rule

2 If the last digit is even or zero

3 If the sum of all the digits is divisible by three

4 If the last two digits are divisible by four

5 If the last digit is zero or five

 6 If the number is divisible by both two or three

Multiply the last digit by 5 , add it to the

7 remaining number and the number you get
should be divisible by seven

8 If last three digits are divisible by 8

9 If sum of the digits are divisible by nine

10 If the last digit is zero

12 If the number is divisible by 3 & 4
Add four times of the last digit of the number to
the remaining number & repeat the process
13
until we get two digit number and that two
digit number should be divisible by 13
PRIME Nos. & COMPOSITE Nos.

Prime Nos. - A number that is divisible only by itself and 1

(e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11)

There are 25 Prime numbers between 1 to 100

Composite Nos. - A composite number is a natural number
or a positive integer which has more than two factors. For
example, 15 has factors 1, 3, 5 and 15, hence it is a composite
number.
 ODD Nos. & EVEN Nos.

ODD Nos. –
Odd numbers are whole numbers that cannot be divided
exactly into pairs.
Odd numbers, when divided by 2, leave a remainder of 1.
Odd numbers have the digits 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 in their ones place.

The odd numbers from 1 to 100 are: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,

17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49,
51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83,
85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99.

EVEN Nos. –
An even number is a number that can be divided into two
equal groups.
A number which is divisible by 2 and generates a remainder of
0 is called an even number.
Even numbers have the digits 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 in their ones place.

The list of even numbers from 1-100 is as follows: 2, 4, 6, 8,

10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42,
44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60,62, 64, 66, 68, 70,72, 74, 76,
78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100.
ADDITION:

EVEN + EVEN = EVEN

ODD + ODD = EVEN

EVEN + ODD = ODD

SUBTRACTION:
EVEN – EVEN = EVEN

ODD – ODD = EVEN

ODD – EVEN = ODD

EVEN – ODD = ODD