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3.3 AE Unit-3 Types of Steering Systems Contd...

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48 views17 pages

3.3 AE Unit-3 Types of Steering Systems Contd...

Uploaded by

Ajay Teja Denduluri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course: Automobile Engineering

UNIT-III
STEERING SYSTEM
Lecture # 3.3
Topic : steering linkages, steering gears – types.

Y.Phaneendra
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology(A).

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Outcomes of the topic :

1.The student can understand the Different


types of steering gears and their functions.

2.Working of Pitman-arm and rack and pinion


steering gear.

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Steering gears – types
Function of steering Wheel
The rotary motion of the steering wheel is converted into straight
line motion of the linkage by the steering gears.

The gear which is used for steering arrangement is worm gear.


Types of Steering gears

1. The pitman-arm type and


2. The Rack- and-Pinion type.

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Types of steering Gearbox
1. Worm and Roller / worm and worm wheel
2. Worm and Sector
3. Cam and Roller
4. Cam and Peg
5. Cam and Turn lever
6. Screw and Nut
7. Recirculating Ball
8. Worm and Ball
9. Rack and Pinion

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2
Types of steering Gearbox
1. Worm and Roller/worm and
worm wheel 1 3
2. Worm and Sector
3. Cam and Roller
4. Cam and Peg
5. Cam and Turn lever
6. Screw and Nut 6
7. Recirculating Ball
8. Worm and Ball 4
9. Rack and Pinion

Our ultimate aim is to transmit the power from steering linkage to wheel
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7. Recirculating Ball

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7. Recirculating Ball
Construction :
➢ This type of gear was the most widely used steering gear at
one time in Tata vehicles.
➢ It consists of a worm at the end of steering rod, half nut and
transfer tube containing the balls.
➢ The balls are fed back to the nut connected by half nut with
the transfer tube.
➢ A worm and nut are placed at the end of the steering shaft.
Steel balls are loaded between the sets of groove of worm
and nut for recirculation.
➢ The nut has teeth on its circumference. These teeth are to be
meshed with a toothed wheel.

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7. Recirculating Ball
Working :
➢ When the driver turns the steering wheel, the two steel
ball races will roll in the grooves and make the nut to
travel along the length of the worm.

➢ The motion from the nut is transmitted to the wheel


sector.

Advantage :
➢ These balls reduce the friction and increase the
efficiency of the mechanism to 90%.

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8. Worm and Ball
➢ In worm and ball bearing, the principle of transmitting the movement
from the steering tube is worm and ball nut.

➢ A worm is connected at the lower end of the steering shaft whereas a


ball nut is connected with worm.

➢ Steel balls are circulated for obtaining frictionless drive between the
worm and nut.

➢ If the steering shaft is turned to left, the ball nut is moved downward
by rolling action.

➢ The teeth of the ball bearing nut moving up or down the shaft will be
moved on the sector teeth to force the cross shaft and rotate.

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9. Rack and Pinion :

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9. Rack and Pinion :
Construction :

➢ This type of steering gear is mainly used in cars having


independent front suspension.

➢ The pinion is mounted at the end of the steering shaft. A


universal joint is connected at the bottom end of the
steering shaft to mount the steering box centrally.

➢ A rack is engaged with the pinion. The rack reciprocates


sideways to give lateral movement to the front wheels.

➢ Spring pads connected with the rack reduce the backlash


between gears to a minimum.

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9. Rack and Pinion
Working
➢ The driver effort is transmitted to the front wheel through the
steering wheel, to steering shaft and finally to the steering
knuckle.
➢ The rack having ball joints at each end for allowing the rise and
fall of the wheel is engaged with the pinion mounted at the end
of the steering shaft.
➢ A rack is engaged with the pinion.
➢ The rack reciprocates sideways to give lateral movement to the
front wheels.
➢ The backlash in rack is reduced to a minimum due to spring
pads are placed below the rack.
Rack and Pinion Type Advantages :
➢ The rack and pinion steering provides sufficiently a low gear reduction.
➢ It is also made suitable for heavier motor vehicles by power assisting.

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Steering linkage :
➢ The steering linkage which connects the steering
gearbox to the front wheels consists of a number of
rods.
➢ These rods are connected with a socket arrangement
similar to a ball joint, called a tie rod end, allowing
the linkage to move back and forth freely so that the
steering effort will not interfere with the vehicles up-
and-down motion as the wheel moves over roads .
➢ The steering gears are attached to a rear rod which
moves when the steering wheel is turned. The rear
rod is supported at one end.

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Summary :

➢ Different steering gears and their applications

➢ Power steering with Rack and pinion steering gear

➢ Steering linkage

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Questions :

1. Explain the working of Recirculating Ball type steering gear.

2. With neat sketch explain the construction and working of Rack

and pinion type steering.

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All the images, videos embedded in this
presentation are collected from various
internet sources for fair usage of developing
educational content and is not used for
commercial purposes.

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