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    BÃ I 7 Major Metabolic Pathways in Biochemistry (Version 1)

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    tranthilinhdanntt
    The document discusses three major metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the urea cycle. The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that occurs in mitochondria and produces ATP from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It provides precursors for amino acids and the reducing agent NADH. The NADH is used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce more ATP. The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea for excretion from the body.

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    BÃ I 7 Major Metabolic Pathways in Biochemistry (Version 1)

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    tranthilinhdanntt
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    The document discusses three major metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the urea cycle. The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that occurs in mitochondria and produces ATP from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It provides precursors for amino acids and the reducing agent NADH. The NADH is used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce more ATP. The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea for excretion from the body.

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    BÃ i 7 Major metabolic pathways in biochemistry (version 1)

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    The document discusses three major metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the urea cycle. The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that occurs in mitochondria and produces ATP from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It provides precursors for amino acids and the reducing agent NADH. The NADH is used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce more ATP. The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea for excretion from the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views11 pages

    BÃ I 7 Major Metabolic Pathways in Biochemistry (Version 1)

    Uploaded by

    tranthilinhdanntt
    The document discusses three major metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the urea cycle. The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that occurs in mitochondria and produces ATP from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It provides precursors for amino acids and the reducing agent NADH. The NADH is used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce more ATP. The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea for excretion from the body.

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    Major metabolic pathways in biochemistry

    Glycolysis pathway
    Glycolysis pathway
    Glycolysis pathway
    Citric Acid Cycle
    Citric Acid Cycle
    Citric Acid Cycle

    The citric acid cycle (CAC) – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs
    cycle[1][2] – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored
    energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
    into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

    In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids, as well as the reducing
    agent NADH, that are used in numerous other biochemical reactions.

    The NADH generated by the citric acid cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation
    (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the
    oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.

    In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In
    prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the citric acid cycle reaction
    sequence is performed in the cytosol.
    Urea Cycle
    Urea Cycle

    The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical
    reactions that produces urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3). The urea cycle
    converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion.[1] This cycle was the first
    metabolic cycle to be discovered (Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932), five
    years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle takes place primarily
    in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.

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