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Cursors

Database sql cursors

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3 views6 pages

Cursors

Database sql cursors

Uploaded by

zenandecewuka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CURSORS

Contents
Cursors .................................................................................................................................................... 1
Step-by-step example ............................................................................................................................. 2
More examples ....................................................................................................................................... 3
References .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Cursors
In SQL, a cursor can be used to define a result set and then perform complex operations on that result
set on a row by row basis. A cursor points to one row at a time and can only move in the forward
direction.

When using a cursor you must follow these steps:

1. Declare a cursor that defines a result set.


2. Open the cursor to establish the result set.
3. Fetch the data into local variables as needed from the cursor, one row at a time.
4. Close and deallocate the cursor when done.

The basic syntax of using a cursor is as follows:

/*
declare all variables that are required
Fields and values that are retrieved via the cursor must
Be stored in variables
*/

/*
declare a cursor
*/

DECLARE cursor_name cursor FOR


/*
Open and populate the cursor
*/
OPEN cursor_name
/*
Fetch a row from the cursor into one or more variables
*/
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name
INTO /*previously declared variables*/
/*these variables must be in the same order as the
Fields selected in your select query used to populate
The cursor*/

/*
SQL Server provides the @@FETCHSTATUS function that returns the status of
the last cursor FETCHstatement executed against the cursor;
If @@FETCHSTATUS returns 0, meaning the FETCH statement was successful. You
can use the WHILE statement to fetch all rows from the cursor as shown in
the following code
*/
WHILE @@fetch_status = 0
BEGIN
/*
perform required operations on data
*/

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FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name
INTO /*previously declared variables*/

END

/*Close the cursor*/


CLOSE cursor_name
/*deallocate the cursor*/
DEALLOCATE cursor_name

Step-by-step example
Suppose you have the following entity:

First, declare two variables to hold product name and list price, and a cursor to hold the result of a
query that retrieves product name and list price from the production.products table:

DECLARE
@product_name VARCHAR(MAX),
@list_price DECIMAL;

DECLARE cursor_product CURSOR


FOR SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products;

Next, open the cursor:

OPEN cursor_product;

Then, fetch each row from the cursor and print out the product name and list price:
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_product INTO
@product_name,
@list_price;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT @product_name + CAST(@list_price AS varchar);
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_product INTO
@product_name,

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@list_price;
END;
After that, close the cursor:
CLOSE cursor_product;

Finally, deallocate the cursor to release it.


DEALLOCATE cursor_product;

More examples
The following is a simple example of a cursor which can be used to make a backup of all databases
on the server:

DECLARE @name VARCHAR(50) -- database name


DECLARE @path VARCHAR(256) -- path for backup files
DECLARE @fileName VARCHAR(256) -- filename for backup
DECLARE @fileDate VARCHAR(20) -- used for file name

SET @path = 'C:\Backup\'

SELECT @fileDate = CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),GETDATE(),112)

DECLARE db_cursor CURSOR FOR


SELECT name
FROM MASTER.dbo.sysdatabases
WHERE name NOT IN ('master','model','msdb','tempdb')

OPEN db_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @name

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @fileName = @path + @name + '_' + @fileDate + '.BAK'
BACKUP DATABASE @name TO DISK = @fileName

FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @name


END

CLOSE db_cursor
DEALLOCATE db_cursor

DECLARE @AccountID INT


DECLARE @getAccountID CURSOR
SET @getAccountID = CURSOR FOR
SELECT Account_ID
FROM Accounts
OPEN @getAccountID
FETCH NEXT
FROM @getAccountID INTO @AccountID
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT @AccountID
FETCH NEXT
FROM @getAccountID INTO @AccountID
END
CLOSE @getAccountID
DEALLOCATE @getAccountID

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CREATE PROCEDURE USER_DATA_CURSOR
@StartDate DateTime, @EndDate DATETIME
AS
DECLARE MY_CURSOR Cursor
FOR
Select ID, EventDate, Event
From Sometable
where EVENT in ('Reboot_System', 'Failed_Login','Failed_Service')
and
EventDate Between @StartDate and @EndDate

Open My_Cursor
DECLARE @VAR1Number DateTime, @VAR2DateTime DATETIME @VarLongText LongText

Fetch NEXT FROM MY_Cursor INTO @VAR1Number, @VAR2DateTime, @VarLongText


While (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)
BEGIN
IF (@@FETCH_STATUS <> -2)
---You Can Use the values to build a new query or look up additional values
--- This displays the assign to field from OtherTable

SELECT o.assignto, S.Event


FROM OtherTable O, Sometable S
WHERE o.eventid = s.id
ORDER BY o.assignto

FETCH NEXT FROM MY_CURSOR INTO @VAR1Number, @VAR2DateTime ,@VarLongText


END
CLOSE MY_CURSORr
DEALLOCATE MY_CURSOR
GO

References
1. MSDN Library
2. https://www.sqlservertutorial.net/sql-server-stored-procedures/sql-server-cursor/

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