PRINICIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN

PRODUCT MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is widely regarded as the most remarkable leap forward in the
history of technology. The current technological landscape would be missing an essential component if not
for applying artificial intelligence and its subfields, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL).
The rise of artificial intelligence, which endows computers with the capacity to acquire new knowledge and
improve themselves, is largely responsible for making the technological revolution a reality. In addition to
their involvement in other aspects of life, AI is beginning to make its way into a new field called product
management, which they are merging into. As a result of the development of AI technology, product
managers have been given the ability to develop AI products that use AI. The findings of this research will
shed light on how artificial intelligence (AI) and the subfields that fall under the umbrella of AI contribute to
the product.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Product Management, Product Managers.
I. INTRODUCTION
The 21st century is bringing about technological revolutions all over the world. Modern technologies such as
artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), cloud computing (CC), the internet of things (IoT), and
blockchain not only provide a wide range of digital solutions but also play an essential part in the customer
base[1]. Additionally, the emergence of these new technologies makes it easier to conduct business by
enhancing the services that can be provided to customers. Both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine
Learning (ML) are among the most powerful technologies that can completely transform contemporary goods
and services [2]. Artificial intelligence, or AI, is defined as the simulation of human intelligence by machines,
most notably by computer systems, to enable these systems to automatically perform tasks that traditionally
required humans [3]. There is a widespread misunderstanding that artificial intelligence (AI) is the same as
machine learning, which is not the case. Artificial intelligence (AI) can take the form of a rule-based system in
which the rules are hard-coded into the system.
There could be tens of thousands of different regulations like this. By connecting these rules, a system of
this
kind can make decisions or carry out actions without the need for human intervention. Instead of using hard
coding, artificial intelligence can be achieved through machine learning, which is a method that is both more
efficient and flexible. In machine learning, the rules are simply taught to the system by providing it with
historical data and allowing it to discover the rules on its own [4]. Following the coding of an algorithm that
specifies how the system should learn, the algorithms are then run on the data to determine the rules by which
the system should operate. The term "training" refers to the learning process, while "model" refers to the
knowledge gained due to training. After that, the model is utilized to make predictions based on newly acquired
data.
There is a wide variety of machining algorithms, one subset known as deep learning. Deep learning uses
artificial neural networks to solve more complex AI issues. Spam filtering in email boxes, phishing detection,
search engine optimization, self-driving cars, and many other applications are some examples of AI's use in the
modern world that are so pervasive that it is barely noticeable [5, 6]. Today's artificial intelligence systems can
be categorized as either artificially narrow or weak intelligence. It can only carry out a specific group of activities
within a constrained environment. An artificial intelligence product has been developed based on such systems,
and the primary goal of developing such a product is to enhance the productivity of humans. This study will
investigate the idea of an AI Product Manager and the concept of an AI Product, which is a product built on top
of other AI systems. This item's purpose is to accomplish.

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II. HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & ITS SUB FIELDS
This section will briefly introduce AI and its branches, particularly machine learning and deep learning. For a
very long time, the concept of artificial intelligence has captivated the interest of human beings. Allan
Turning, in 1950, posed the question, "Can a machine think?" and is the first person to use the term
"artificial intelligence." Artificial intelligence, or AI, is the branch of computing that tries to give the
impression that machines possess human intelligence. The discussion surrounding meaning of the term
"artificial intelligence" (AI) has been talked about for a very long time; however, AI can be understood as the
capacity of a machine to mimic human intelligence. AI is a broad subject that cannot be well-known and is
sometimes considered the entirety of AI. However, this is the domain of AI. Machine learning refers to the
set of algorithms that enable computers to acquire intelligence on their own through the process of
automatically learning from experience [7]. The applications and types of machine learning algorithms are
incredibly diverse. Classification and regression are the two categories of ML algorithms used most
frequently. Research in machine learning has recently begun to play an essential part in product
management. The application of ML enables product managers to develop, improve, and enhance products
that are geared toward the resolution of real-world issues.
One of the subfields that fall under the ecosystem of machine learning is known as deep learning. Deep
Learning is a subfield of machine learning that uses algorithms to model the human brain to achieve artificial
intelligence. The revolution in machine learning is being driven by deep learning. You can think of Deep
Learning as a modern reincarnation of Neural Networks, a collection of simple trainable mathematical units
organized in layers that work together to solve complex tasks [8]. Deep Learning can be considered a modern
reincarnation of Neural Networks. The most advantageous aspect of deep learning is that it can learn
features
from raw data that is both heterogeneous and noisy. Artificial Neural Networks ( ANNs), Deep Neural Networks
(DNNs), and Convolutional Neural Networks ( CNNs) are the three most well-known types of neural networks.
Product managers can improve their efficiency and ability to solve problems with the assistance of neural
networks, which have become increasingly prevalent as a result of advances in product design and
development.

Figure 1: AI vs. Machine learning vs. Deep learning [9]

III. BUILDING AI PRODUCTS
The management of AI products is going to be covered in this section. The specific responsibilities of an
AI product manager are the first thing that absolutely must be grasped and understood. Since AI is not
always appropriate in all situations, the primary responsibility of the AI Project Manager is to understand
the most critical business problems that AI can solve. The correct set of issues must be recognized and
ranked in order of importance as the second of AI PM's essential reasonabilities. After that, you should
create a vision strategy and a roadmap for the steps that are required. In conclusion, it is the
responsibility of AI PM to ensure that the
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strategy is implemented in a manner that is consistent with it. AI Product management can take on various
forms, as per the nature of the job [11].
In the following paragraphs, we will have a more in-depth discussion about the roles and responsibilities of the
AI Product Manager. Manager of Roles for AI-Based Products In the following paragraphs, we will go over the
skills that are necessary to build in order to become an AI product manager. Before beginning the process of
building a product, all product managers are required first to determine what the desired outcome is, how that
outcome will be delivered, and how the product itself will be used. It is both time-and money-consuming and
expensive to initiate a brand-new process each time. As a result, AI product managers should be able to use the
same innovative tools that design experts use, such as user experience (UX) mockups, wireframes, and user
surveys, at the very beginning of the development process. It's important to say what problem the product
solves or what opportunity it gives [7, 12].

Figure 2: Life cycle to become a product manager [12]

In this section, we discuss the responsibilities of the AI Product Manager because artificial intelligence is so
powerful that it demands additional responsibilities in addition to the usual responsibilities of developing
products of this kind. For instance, the Hippocratic oaths in the field of medicine state that first, no harm should
be done. In addition, practitioners of AI shouldn't put the safety of their users and customers at risk in the first
place. In other words, if AI is not carefully designed and optimized, it can have effects that were not intended.
Ethical: The more data is collected, the better AI will become. However, data encodes human and social biases.
Some examples include facial recognition systems, which cannot identify people with darker skin tones. AI has
the unintended effect of recommending jobs with higher salaries to men and lower salaries to women. The
following are some essential responsibilities that fall under the umbrella of AI: AI product managers are
responsible for ensuring that AI is equitable.
There are some fascinating ways that artificial intelligence can be fooled. For instance, in the field of image
recognition, the tiniest change to an image can completely throw off the program's calculations. When
developing artificial intelligence, the potential drawbacks must be kept in mind. Artificial intelligence (AI)
should be transparent, which means that humans should be able to understand the reasoning behind their
decisions and how they arrive at those decisions. This is of the utmost importance when dealing with high-

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stakes use cases that have an effect on the lives of people. In order for artificial intelligence to be
accountable, there needs to be a system of checks and balances, validation and compliance, and the ability
for humans to exercise oversight. Reliable: Artificial intelligence should be reliable in order to maintain
continuous high performance and prevent the models from degrading over time. It should identify problems
with the data. This is where the monitoring comes in.

IV. CONCLUSION
The field of artificial intelligence is expanding to encompass all aspects of technology related to human life.
Artificial intelligence (AI) products have become increasingly intelligent and effective in the modern
technological world. The creation and application of AI products are not comparable to those of competing
products. As a result, AI products call for product managers with specific skill sets. This research focuses on
how artificial intelligence is used in product management. In this research, the particular function of AI product
managers has been analyzed and discussed. The exhaustive review of AI product management has the potential
to become a stepping stone for new researchers working in this field.
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