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Power Converter Analysis and Design - Lecture1

J.Kalaiselvi

Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Ropar,Punjab, India

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Contents

I Course objectives and expected outcome

I Assesment methods

I Overview of power electronics

- Definition of power electronics - from literature

- Components of power electronics

- Why Power electronics

I Syllabus

I Applications

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Objectives and expected learning outcome
Objectives:
I To introduce the basic concets of power processing systems and
their practical applications.
I To acquaint with the circuits and operation of AC-DC , DC-DC,
DC-AC, AC-AC converters.
I To provide the fundamentals of analog and digital controllers for
power electronics
I To provide the base for further study of power electronics
Expected learning outcome:

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Objectives and expected learning outcome
Objectives:
I To introduce the basic concets of power processing systems and
their practical applications.
I To acquaint with the circuits and operation of AC-DC , DC-DC,
DC-AC, AC-AC converters.
I To provide the fundamentals of analog and digital controllers for
power electronics
I To provide the base for further study of power electronics
Expected learning outcome:
I Able to understand the basics of power semiconductor devices,
characteristics in switching mode
I Able to design gating circuits
I Able to design and analyse AC-DC, DC-DC, DC-AC, AC-AC
converters
I Able to design and analyse the control methods
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Assessment methods

I 75 % attendance compulsory
I surprise quiz (10 %)

- Best out of two surprise quiz

I Quiz II (10 %)

4 simulation projects - average

I Mid-Term Exams (30 %)

I Final Exam (50 %)

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Electrical Energy

I Easy to transport (few wires are sufficient to transport need of

city)

I Converted to mechanical energy or anyform of energy easily

I Atomic in character - small packages and intense (Wide range of

power carrying) / 1V battery - 50,000 degc heat energy

I We use Mechanical force, work, light information and heat energy

and electrical energy is concerned with conversion among these
many forms.

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Introduction to Power electronics
Power electronics
Art of applying solid state electronics to control, convert and
conditioning of electrical power

Why power electronics?

* To fill the gap between generation and utility - An adapter - 19/48V
DC
* Efficient control of renewable energy interaction to the grid
* ”the hidden technology that makes the modern world run” - by
leading power company
Reason:
- Most of the systems depend on power electronics to run efficiently
and sustainably.
- With this technology, electric motor speed can be controlled - more
accuracy & efficiency
- Solar and wind power can be fed to grid with more efficiently
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Power converter contin..
Power electronic circuit

Power Power Power

Converter
Input Output

Control
Input
feed forward feedback
Controller

Fig 1 : Typical power electronic circuit

I Brain of power processing system - Controller

I Need & objectives - information from i/p and o/p required to
modify the output performance
I Feed forward/feedback control
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Objectives

Obj-1 Efficiency Target

Obj-2 Reliability
Obj-3 Smaller size/weight
* Efficiency objective through Switch and lossless elements

Switch closed v(t) = 0

Fig. 2 : Switch

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Objectives

Obj-1 Efficiency Target

Obj-2 Reliability
Obj-3 Smaller size/weight
* Efficiency objective through Switch and lossless elements

Switch closed v(t) = 0

Switch open i(t) = 0

Fig. 2 : Switch

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Objectives

Obj-1 Efficiency Target

Obj-2 Reliability
Obj-3 Smaller size/weight
* Efficiency objective through Switch and lossless elements

Switch closed v(t) = 0

Switch open i(t) = 0
∵ Ideal switch consumes
zero power

Fig. 2 : Switch

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Objectives

Obj-1 Efficiency Target

Obj-2 Reliability
Obj-3 Smaller size/weight
* Efficiency objective through Switch and lossless elements

Switch closed v(t) = 0

Switch open i(t) = 0
∵ Ideal switch consumes
zero power
Power processing system
prefers lossless elements -
Inductor, capacitor. Fig. 2 : Switch

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Components of power processing system

* Reliability - few parts/ sophisticated control

* Smaller size / weight - High frequency operation - Inductor size less

Fig 3 : Components of power electronic system

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Components

(a)

(b)
Fig 4 : Power electronic components - samples
(Ref: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=power+electronic+components&source=lnms&tbm=
isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1puF pIzSAhWLK48KHcVmDkIQA UICCgB&biw=1301&bih=673)

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Power converters

I DC - DC ⇒ Change & control voltage mag - Solar applications,

SMPS

I AC - DC ⇒ Possibly control DC voltage & ac current - Base

frequency applications (First stage)

I DC - AC ⇒ Average sinusoid of control voltage and frequency -

Almost all power electronic applications

I AC - AC/Cycloconverter ⇒ Change & control magnitute / Mag

and frequency control AC-AC / basic fan control, Cycloconverter -
complex control

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Example

If Input Voltage = 100V, and load = 50V, 500W, 10A

Pure resistive (Potential divider), efficiency =50%

Transistor in linear region - almost efficiency = 50%

Switched mode power conversion (Power electronics) greater

than 80%

DC-DC converter: Basics

DC-AC converter: Basics

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Syllabus

Recent trends in power electronics: - Recent trends in power

electronics and applications. Role of power electronics in energy,
drives and commercial applications.
Power semiconductor devices: - Ideal switch, Diode, Thyristor, BJT,
IGBT, MOSFET, VI characteristics, Equivalent circuit model for steady
state, dynamic characteristics, Suitability of devices in applications.
Design of gate driver circuits, snubbers, thermal aspects of the device.
Magnetics: Basics of inductor and transformer, Design of high
frequency inductor and transformer.
DC-DC converters: Design and analysis of buck, boost and buck
boost converters and cuk converters. Closed loop control of DC-DC
converters. Voltage and current mode control. Applications.
Introduction to digital control of DC-DC converters

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Syllabus contin..

AC-DC converters: Controlled Rectifiers (Converters): Single Phase

/Three Phase, Half wave / full wave, half controlled /fully controlled
converters with R, RL and RLE loads, Continuous and discontinuous
current operations- Evaluation of performance parameters. Effects of
source inductance- Power factor improvem ent techniques - twelve
pulse converters - Dual converters.
DC-AC converters: Single phase, three phase inverters, PWM control
of inverters, Sinusoidal PWM, Space vector PWM, evalution of
performance parameters. Multilevel inverters, three level Neutral point
converters, cascaded inverters, Flying capacitor configuration.
Resonant converters. Introduction to digital control.
AC-AC converters: AC voltage controllers, Cycloconverters,
harmonic analysis and matrix converters.

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Applications - Adjustable Speed Drives/VFDs

Fig 5 : Variable frequency drives

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Applications - Electric Vechicle

Fig 6 : Electric Vechicle - Power electronic components (Ref: M. Mrz, A. Schletz, B.

Eckardt, S. Egelkraut and H. Rauh, ”Power electronics system integration for electric and hybrid
vehicles,” International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems, Nuremberg, 2010,
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Applications - Energy