Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

SOLUTIONS OF RELATION, FUNCTION & ITF

EXERCISE # 1
PART–1
Section (A)
A.1 n(A × B) = n(A) × n(B) = 3 × 3 = 9
A.2 A = {2, 3}, B = {2, 4}, C = {4, 5}
B  C = {4}  A × (B  C) = {(2, 4) , (3, 4)}.
A.3 Number of relation from A to B = 212
A.4 If x = 2 then y = 1,If x = 3 then y = 3,
If x = 4 then y = 5,If x = 5 then y = 7,
A.5 (i) Domain of R = first element of pairs (x, y) = {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
(ii) Range set consisting of 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
2
(iii) – 3  x 3 (x, y) = (x,  x – 1 ) = {(– 3, 4), (– 2, 3), (–1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2)}

A.6 (–1,2)  A × A
 – 1  A, 2  A and (0, 1)  A × A  0  A, 1  A
So A = {–1, 0, 1, 2} as A has four elements and S = {–1, 0), (1,–1), (–1, 2), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2)}
Hence the required element of S are given by (a)
Section (B)
B.1 (i) For Reflexive
R  {(1, 1) (2, 2) (3, 3)}
For symmetric (1, 2)  R but (2, 1)  R Not symmetric
for transitive (1, 2), (2, 3)  R  (1, 3)  R so transitive
(ii) Obviously, the relation P is neither reflexive nor transitive but it is symmetric,
because x2 + y2 = 1  y2 + x2 = 1.

B.2 x < y, y < z  x < z—

V x, y, z  N
 xRy yRz  xRz,
 Relation is transitive,
 x < y does not give y < x.
Relation is not symmetric. Since x < x does not hold, hence relation is not reflexive.
B.3 (i) (q, q )  R (ii) (p, q)  R (iv) (q, p)  R
Not reflexive not symmetric not symmetric

41
B.4 2x + x = 41  x=  N  R is not reflexive
3
2x + y = 41  2y + x = 41  R is not symmetric
2x + y = 41 and 2y + z = 41  4x – z = 41  (x, z) R
 R is not transitive

B.5 aRb  n|(a – b) a, b  Z

n  +
(i) aRa  n|(a – a)  so R is reflexive
(ii) aRa  n|(a – b) = n|(b – a)  R is symmetric
(iii) aRb  n|(a – b) and n|(b – c) 
   n|(a – b) + (b – c)  n|(a – c)  R is transitive
B-6. Reflexive Relation :
A.A = A.A for A  S , so Relation is Reflexive Relation
Symmetric Relation : A.B = BA  BA = AB  A, BS, so Relation is Symmetric Relation
Transitive Relation : AB = BA, BC = CB  AC = CA Not True,  A, B, CS
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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 2 1 0 2 3 
for example A    ,B    ,C    AB = BA, BC = CB but AC  CA
1 3  0 1  4 5 
so Relation is not Transitive Relation

Section (C)
C-1. (i) Case-I : Let x = 
2 =  + 0  =0
Case-II : Let x =  + f, f  (0, 1)

given 2 =  + f + f  f=
2
1
Hence   =1 and f =
2
3
so x = 0,
2
C-2 (i) Case - I : x   then 4x = x
x = 0.
3[x]
Case-II : x   , then 4[x] = [x] + 2{x}  {x} =
2
2
0  {x} < 1 0  [x] <
3
    [x] = 0  {x} = 0  x=0+0=0
(ii) [x]2 = –[x]
x=+f
2 = – 
=0 or =–1
Case-  =0
x=+f=f
x  [0, 1) ........(i)
Case-II  =–1
– 1  x < 0, x  [–1, 0) ........(ii)
by (i) and (ii)
x  [–1, 1)
(iii) {x} = 0 or {x} = – 1
x (rejected)

(iv) Let x  + f 1 f  [0, 1)

 1  1  1 1
Case : f  0,  2 =  =0 x  0,  Hence%x    ,  
 2  2   2 2
C-3. (i) – 5  [x + 1] < 2
– 5  [x + 1]  1
 –5x+1<2
–6x<1  x  [–6, 1)
(ii) [x]2 + 5[x] – 6 < 0  ([x] + 6) ([x] – 1) < 0  – 6 < [x] < 1
 – 5  [x]  0  –5x<1  x  [–5, 1)
(iii) –1 < {x} < 0 is not possible
hence x 
(iv) –1  [x]  0  –1  x < 1.
C-4. (i) {[x]} = 0  [x]  x R
(ii) x2 – 2x – 8 < 0  x  (–2,4)

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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

(1,1)

C-5. (i) l
(0,0)

  two solution
(ii) Case-I (x + 1)2 = 0 & sgn (x2 – 1) = 0  x = – 1
Case-II (x + 1)2 = 1 & sgn (x2 – 1) = 1  x = – 2
 x  {–1, –2}

C-6. (i) (ii)

(iii)

C-7. f(0) = 0 as 0  Q
f(e) = 1 – e as e  Qc
[f(e)] = –2  | [f(e)] | = 2
Hence sum is 3

Section (D)
D-1. x2 + f(x)2 = 36  f(x) = ± 36  x 2
Equation represents circle of radius 6 with centre (0, 0)
By vertical line test, for every value of x, there are two values of y .
Which contradicts definition of function
So equation doesn’t represents a function.

x3  5x  3 x3  5x  3
D-2. (i) f(x) = 2
 f(x) = . Division by zero is undefined
x 1 (x  1)(x  1)
 x±1  
 Domain x  R – {1, –1}  x  (–, –1)  (–1, 1)  (1, )
 
(ii) cos x  [0, 1]  2n –  x  2n + , n 
2 2
1
(iii) f(x) = for function to be defined x + |x| > 0 for x > 0, x + |x| = 2x > 0
x | x |
for x  0, x + |x| = 0
 Domain is x  (0, )
(iv) f(x) = ex + sin x. Domain x  R as there is no restriction for exponent of e.
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1
(v) f(x) = + x2
log10 (1  x)
1 – x > 0 and x + 2  0 and 1 – x  1 x  (– , 1) – {0} and x  – 2  x  [–2, 0)  (0, 1)
log2 (x  2)
(vi) Clearly x > 2 and  0  log2 (x – 2)  0  x – 2  1  x  3
log1/ 2 (3x  1)
(vii) x2 + x + 1  1  (– –1]  [0,
1
cos x 
2 1   
(viii) f(x) =  cos x –  0 or x  2n  ,2n   , n 
6  35x  6x 2 2  3 3 
 1   1    5 
and 6 + 35x – 6x2 > 0 or x   ,6   Domain   ,    ,6 
 6   6 3  3 
D-3. (i) f(x) = 3  2x  2.2 x
3 – 2x – 2 .2–x  0
or (2x)2 – 3.2x + 2  0
or (2x – 1) (2x – 2)  0
 2x  [1, 2]  x [0, 1]

(ii) f(x) = 1  1  x2
1 – 1  x2  0  1  x 2 1
 0  1 – x2  1  x [– 1, 1]

(iii) f(x) = (x2 + x + 1)–3/2  D:xR

x2 1 x x2 1 x
(iv) f(x) = +  0 and 0
x2 1 x x2 1 x
x  (– , –2)  [2, ) and x  (–1, 1] D : 



 (v) f(x) = tan x  tan2 x  tan x – tan2x  0

 
or 0  tan x  1 or x 
n
n  , n   4  
 

1 x
(vi) f(x) =  sin 0 or x  2n
x 2
2 sin
2

 5x  x 2  5x  x 2
 (vii) f(x) = log1/ 4    1 and 5x – x2 > 0
 4  4

or x  (0, 1]  [4, 5)

(viii) f(x) = log10 (1 – log10(x2 – 5x + 16))  1 – log10 (x2 – 5x + 16) > 0

or x2 – 5x + 6 < 0 or x  (2, 3).

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D-4. (i) y = |x – 3|
Range y  [0, )

o 3

x
(ii) y=
1  x2
Method 1
Domain x  R
yx2 – x + y = 0
quadratic in x has real roots as x  R
 1 1
 Discriminant D  0  1 – 4y2  0  (2y – 1) (2y + 1)  0i  y   , 
 2 2
Here at y = 0 quadratic vanishes. so we have to check this seperately
Put y = 0  x = 0 (a point with in domain)
  y = 0 point is included in the range
Note : If there is no point of x in the domain for the value of y for which quadratic vanishes, we have
to remove that point from range
Method 2
x 1 1
f(x) = 2
= We know that x  2
1 x  1  x
x  x 
 
1 1 1  1   1
0<      , 0    0,  But divison by x is done by us,
1 2  1   2   2
x  x 
x  x
So at x = 0, y = 0
 1 1
 Range y   , 
 2 2
Method 3
x 1 x2
f(x) = 2
is an odd function  f(x) = =0 x=±1
1 x (1  x 2 )2
>0 x  (–1, 1)
<0 x  (– , –1)  (1, )
x
Lim =0 (0+ more accurately)
x  1  x 2

x
Lim =0 (0– more accurately)
x  1  x 2

1/2
–1
0 1
–1/2

 1 1
Range y   , 
 2 2

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Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

x2  9 (x  3)(x  3)
(iii) f(x) = = = (x + 3)
x 3 (x  3)

Domain x  R – {3}
Range y  R – {6}
(iv) f(x) = sin2 (x3) + cos2(x3)
f(x) = 1
Domain x  R
Range y  {1}
(v) f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5
– 32  42  3 sin x + 4 cos x  32  42  – 5  3 sin x + 4 cos x  5
 0  3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5  10  Range y  [0, 10]
(vi) f(x) = 2 – 3x – 5x2
Domain x  R
Method 1
y = – 5x2 – 3x + 2
opening downward parabola

– D/4a
2

 D   49 
Range y   ,  y   ,
 4a   20 
Method 2
5x2 + 3x + (y – 2) = 0
49
D0  9 – 20 (y – 2)  0  20y – 49  0  y 
20
x2
(vii) f(x) = 2
= y x + 2 = yx2 – 8yx – 4y
x  8x  4
or yx2 – x (8y + 1) – (4y + 2) = 0
for x to be real D  0
(8y + 1)2 + 4y (4y + 2)  0 64y2 + 16y + 1 + 16y2 + 8y  0
 1  1 
80y2 + 24y + 1  0 or y    ,      , 
 4   20 
x2  2x  4
(viii) f(x) = = y  x2 – 2x + 4 = yx2 + 2xy + 4y
x2  2x  4
x2 (1 – y) – 2x(1 + y) + 4(1 – y) = 0
D0
1 
4(1 + y)2 – 16(1 – y)2  0 or y   , 3 
3 

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D-5. (i) f(x) = 16  x2 . Domain x  [–4, 4]  f(x) > 0, y = 16  x2  x2 + y2 = 16

Equation of semicircle
4

–4 4

  Range y  [0, 4]
1
(ii) f(x) =
4  3 sin x
4
Domain 4 + 3 sin x > 0  sin x > – Always true  x  R
3
Range – 3  3 sin x  3 
1 1 1 1  1 
   1  4 + 3 sin x  7  1   1   y  , 1
4  3 sin x 7 4  3 sin x 7  7 
1 1
(iii) f(x) = ;  > x  0  > 1 + x  1 0 < 1
1 x 1 x
  Range y  (0, 1]

 8  x2  8  x2
(iv) f(x) = n   for f' to be defined 8 – x2 > 0 & >0; x>2
 x2  x2
 
8  x2
(2, 2, 2)  0< <  x  (2, 2 2)
x2
8  x2
Range of n  (– , ) = R
x2
 1 
(v) f(x) =   =  sin{x}  0  {x}  n, n  I
 sin{x} 
3 2 1
0 < sin{x} < sin 1 < sin 60°  0 < sin {x} <  < < 
2 3 sin{x}
 1   1 
    = 1, 2, 3.........  Range of  N
 sin{x}   sin{x} 

1
(vi) f(x) = 2
for function to be defined
16  4 x x

2 2 1
16 – 4x x
>0  16 > 4x x
 4x x
< 42

 x2 – x – 2 < 0  (x – 2) (x + 1) < 0 
 1 
  so n  (–1, 2)   " x  (–1, 2)  x2 – x   , 2
 4 
1  1  2  1 
4x x
  , 16   16  4 x x
  0, 16  
 2   2 

 
 
1 1
So range of  , 
2  1 
16  4 x x
 16  
 2 

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1
(vii) f(x) = range of cos 3x is [–1, 1] cos 3x [–1, 1]
2  cos3x
1 
 f(x)   , 1
3 

2    2  
(viii) f(x) = 3 sin  x2  D : x    ,    x2  0, 
16  4 4 16  4
 3 
  f(x)  0, 
 2
 1 3
(ix) f(x) = sin2x + cos4x = sin2x + 1 + sin4x – 2 sin2x = sin4x – sin2x + 1 =  sin2 x   +
 2 4
3 
R :  , 1 .
4 

(x) Domain is R – (2n + 1) and – 2  sin x + cos x  2 . sin(sinx + cosx)  ± sin 1
2
But these values will come at x = 0, so cannot be excluded.

R – (2n + 1) – 2  sin x + cos x  2 . sinx + cosx  ± sin 1
2
(xi) f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + 5 = (x2 – 1)2 + 4   R : [4, )

|x4|
D-6. (i) f(x) = ,x4
x4
1

–1

1 , x4
f(x) = 
 1 , x  4
 Range y  {–1, 1}
(ii) f(x) = 3 |sin x| – 4|cos x|. f(x) is a periodic function with period . So analysis is limited in [0, ]

f max = 3.1 – 4.0 = + 3 at x = , |sin x| = 1, |cos x| = 0
2
f min = 3.0 – 4.1 = – 4 at x = 0, |sin x| = 0, |cos x| = 1  Range y  [–4, 3]
sin x cos x
(iii) f(x) = + . f(x) = sin x |cos x| + cos x |sin x| periodic period = 2
1  tan2 x 1  cot 2 x
  
 sin 2x , x   0, 
  2 
  
 0 , x   , 
 2 
f(x) = 
 sin2x  3 
, x   ,
  2 

  3 
 0 , x   , 2 
  2 

 Range y  [–1, 1]
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(vi) f(x) = 1 – |x – 2|

 |x – 2|  [0, )

 f(x)  (– , 1]

(v) f(x) = x3 – 12x , x  [–3, 1] = x (x2 – 12)  

 f(x) = 3x2 – 12 = 0

or x = ± 2

R : [–11, 16]

(vi) f(x) = [sin x] + [tan x] + [cos x] + [sec x]

 x  (0, /4)

 1 
 sin x   0,   [sin x] = 0
 2

 1 
 cos x   , 1  [cos x] = 0
 2 

tan x  (0, 1)  [tan x] = 0

 sec x  (1, 2 )  [sec x] = 1

range of f(x) = {1}

D-7. (i) y = |(x + 2) (x + 3)|

many - one function

(ii) y = |nx|
many - one function

  
(iii) f(x) =sin 4x, x   – , 
 8 8

period =
2
one-one function

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1 1
(iv) f(x) = x + , x  (0, )
x x
many one function

1 
 –1 1
1 
 –1
e x .

(v) f(x) = 1– e x   f = x2  0 increasing function

1 
 –1
2 1– e x 
Hence one - one

3x 2
(vi) f(x) = – cos( x) even function
4
Hence many - one

1 3
(vii) f(x) = x3 + 3
 f (x) = 3x2 – =0  x = ±1
x x4
Also f(x) 0
 Range  R
 f(x) is into function.
(viii) f(x) = x cos x odd function (f(0) = 0)
 f (x) = cos x – x sin x

f(x) is an odd continuous function for which im x cos x =  . Hence range R onto function
x 

1
(ix) f(x) = Clearly many one. Clearly f(x)(–, –1] [1, ) Range  R into function
sin | x |

D-8. (i) f(x) = x|x|

 x2 , x  0
=  –x 2 , x  0

one - one and onto

x2
(ii) f(x) = even function many one
1  x2
1 > f(x) 0 into function
(iii) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6
f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

D-9.
f(x) = tan (2 sin x)
2 sin x [–2, 2]
in this interval tan (2 sin x) R
 onto function

D-10. f : [–1, 1]  [–1, 1]

(i)

f(x) = x – sin x (odd function)

f(x) = 1 – cos x 0 increasing function
Hence one - one
f(–1) = – 1 + sin 1
f(1) = 1 – sin 1
Range  [–1 + sin 1, 1 – sin 1] co domain function is not bijecive
(ii)

 x2 , x  0
f(x) = x|x| = 
2
 –x , x  0
one - one function
Range  [–1, 1] = codomain
 onto function

(iii)

 x 
f(x) = tan  
 4 
by graph one-one onto
Bijective function

(iv) f(x) = x4 even function many-one Not bijective

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D-11.

Total number of functions = nn;

Total number of one-one onto functions = n!

Section (E)
E-1. (i) f(x) = x2 and g(x) = ( x )2 Domain x  R, Domain x  [0, ) non-identical functions

(ii) Domain of f(x) and g(x) are different.

1  cos x
(iii) f(x) = and g(x) = cos x
2
f(x) = |cos x| non-identical function
(iv) f(x) = x and g(x) = enx, Domain x  R+
Domain x  R non-identical function

 x 1   x 1 
E-2. f(x) = log (x – 1) – log (x – 2) = log   x > 1 and x > 2 x  (2, )  g(x) = log  x  2 
 x2  
x 1
 > 0  x  (–, 1)  (2, ) common domain x  (2, )
x2
E- 3. f(x) = x2 + x + 1  g(x) = sin x  fog(x) = sin2x + sin x + 1 gof(x) = sin (x2 + x + 1)
 fog(x)  gof (x)

E-4. f(x) = x2 ; g(x) = sin x ; h(x) = x

 fo (goh) (x) = f (sin x ) = (sin x )2 = sin2 x (fog) oh(x) = sin2(h(x)) = sin2 x .

E-5. (i) f(x) = ex and g(x) = n x  fog(x) = en x = x, x > 0  gof(x) = n ex = x, x  R

(ii) f(x) = |x| and g(x) = sin x  fog(x) = f(sin x) = |sin x| gof (x) = g(|x|) = sin |x|
(iii) f(x) = sin x and g(x) = x2  fog(x) = sin(g(x)) = sin x2 gof(x) = (f2(x)) = (sin x)2
x x2 3x 2 – 4x  2
(iv) f(x) = x2 + 2, g(x) =  fog(x) = g2(x) + 2 = + 2 =
x –1 (x – 1)2 (x – 1)2
f(x) x2  2
gof(x) = = 2
f(x)  1 x  1

E-6. f(x) = n (x2 – x + 2) ; R+  R  g(x) = {x} + 1; [1, 2]  [1, 2]

f(g(x)) = n ({x}2 + {x} + 2)
Domain [1, 2] for x  (1, 2) {x} = x – 1  fog (x) = n (x2 – x + 2)
Range [n 2, n 4)

1  x2 , x 1
E-7. f(x) =  g(x) = 1 – x, – 2  x  1
 1  x , 1  x  2
 1  g2 , g(x)  1  x  [0,1] 1  (1– x)2 , x  [0,1]
fog(x) =  fog (x) = 
1  g(x) , 1  g(x)  2  x  [–1,0)  1  (1– x) , x  [–1,0)
2 – 2x  x 2 , x  [0,1]
fog (x) = 
 2 – x , x  [–1, 0)

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g(x)  2 x2
E-8. (i) f(g(x)) = ; x 0 & b 1  x1
g(x)  1 x
f(x)  2
(ii) g(f(x)) = ; x  –1 & f(x)  0   x  –2
f(x)
f(x)  2 x2 3
(iii) f(f(x)) = ; x  –1 &  –1  x
f(x)  1 x 1 2
f(x)  2
2
g(f(x))  2 f(x)
(iv) f(g(f(x)) = 
g(f(x))  1 f(x)  2
1
f(x)
 f(x)  0   x  –2 also x  –1

 2 f(x) f(x)  Q  {0} 3 2 x x  Q  {0}

E-9. fof(x) = f(f(x)) =  = 
c 2
 3 f(x) f(x)  Q  3 x x  Qc
2
3 2x f(x) f(x)  Q  {0} 3 2 x x  Q  {0}
Similarly fofof(x) = f(f(f(x))) =  =
2
 3 f(x) f(x)  Qc 3
3 x x  Qc
3n1 2x x  Q  {0}
So fofo ..........f(x)
  n
n times  3 x x  Qc

 g(x)  1 g(x)  4

E-10. f(g(x)) =  2g(x)  1 4  g(x)  9
g(x)  7 g(x)  9

 x2  1 (x2  4)  ( 1  x  3)

 (x  2)  1 (x  2  4)  (3  x  5)
 2
 2x  1 (4  x2  9)  ( 1  x  3)
= 
 2(x  2)  1 (4  x  2  9)  (3  x  5)
 2
 x  7 (x2  9)  (1  x  3)
(x  2)  7 (x  2  9)  (3  x  5)
 x2  1 x  [ 1, 2]

 f(g(x)) = 2x2  1 x  (2, 3)
 2x  5 x  [3, 5]

4x 41– x 2
E-11. f(x) =  f(1 – x) = =  f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
x
4 2 1–x
4 2 2  4x

Section (F)
F-1. (i) f(x) = sin (x2 +1)  f(– x) = f (x) = even function

(ii) f(x) = x + x2  f(– x) = x2 – x  f (x) or – f(x) Neither even nor odd function

 ax – 1  ax – 1   ax – 1
(iii) f(x) = x  x  f(–x) = – x  –x  f(–x) = x  x = f(x) even function
 a  1   a  1   a  1 
     

(iv) f(x) = sin x + cos x  f(– x) = – sin x + cos x  f(x) or – f(x)

Neither even nor odd.

(v) f(x) = (x2 – 1) |x|   f(–x) = f(x) even function.

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| x | x  
 | ne | x
; x  1 
     x  
(vi) f(x) = [2  x]  [2  x] ; 1  x  1 f(x) =   x0
 nx  3 0  x 1
 e ; x 1 
 x x 
 x x  

   x
f(x) =   x  0 b f(x) = f(–x) even function
 3 0  x 1

 x x 

(2x  1)7
F-2. (i) f(–x) = neither even nor odd
(2x )6
sec x  x2  9
(ii) f(–x) = = f(x) even
x sin x
(iii) f(–x) = – f(x) odd
  x2 x  1

(iv) f(x) = 2  [x]  [  x] 1  x  1 , even by graph of function

  x2 x 1

F-3. (i) Let f(x) = sin x is a periodic function with period T (a positive constant)
 f (x + T) = f(x)  sin x  T = sin x  x  T = n + (–1)n x , n  I
since for no value of n, T is indepedent of x which contradicts that sin x is a periodic function.
Hence it is a non periodic function.
(ii) Let f(x) = x + sin x is a periodic function with period T.
 2x  T   T 
x + T + sin (x + T) = x + sin x T + sin (x + T) = sin x T + 2 cos   sin   = 0
 2  2
There is no positive constant value of T for which this equation holds true so f(x) is
non - periodic function.
F-4. (i) f(x) = 2 + 3 cos (x – 2) fundamental period = 2
2
(ii) f(x) = sin 3x + cos2 x + |tan x|  period  , ,  
3
 2 
 period of f(x) = L.C.M.  , ,   = 2 for fundamental period
 3 
f(x + ) = – sin x + cos2 x + |tan x|  f(x)
  Fundament period = 2
x x
(iii) f(x) = sin + sin  period  8, 6  period of f(x) = L.C.M. (8, 6) = 24
4 3
Fundamental period = 24
3x sin2x 10  10 
(iv) f(x) = cos – period  , 7 period of f(x) = L.C.M.  ,7  = 70 
5 7 3  3 
Fundament period = 70

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1
(v) f(x)= fundamental period = 2
1  cos x
sin12x   
(vi) f(x) = 2
 period of f(x) = L.C.M.  ,  = for fundamental period
1  cos 6x 6 3 3
 
sin12  x  
    6  = f(x) 
f x  =  Fundament period =
 6   6
1  cos2 6  x  
 6 
(vii) f(x) = sec3 x + cosec3 x  period  2 2Fundamental period = L.C.M. (2, 2)

Section (G)
G-1. (i) f:DR
f(x) = 1 – 2–x  f (x) = 2– x n2 > 0 increasing function one one function
D : [x  R), Range : (–, 1)  codomain
 function is not bijective
 f –1 does not exist
(ii) f(x) = (4 – (x – 7)3)1/5
1
f (x) = (4 – (x – 7)3) – 4/5. (– 3 (x – 7)2)  0 decreasing function  one one function
5
Lim f(x)  –   Lim f(x)  
x  x –

D : R Range : R = codomain  onto function is bijective (invertible)

y = (4 – (x – 7)3)1/5  4 – y5 = (x – 7)3
x = 7 + (4 – y5)1/3 or f –1(x) = 7 + (4 – x5)1/3
(iii) 
f(x) = n x  1  x 2  D : x  R, Range : R

ey  ey ex  ex

y = n x  1  x 2  or x=
2
 f –1 (x) =
2
(iv) f : [0, 3]  [0, 13]
–1  1– 4(1– y) –1  4y – 3
y = f(x) = x2 + x + 1 x = x =
2 2

–1  4x – 3
 f–1(x) = as f–1 [1, 13] [0, 3]
2
e2x  e2x
G-2. f(x) = : R, : R
2
1 1
2y = e2x – e–2x x =
2  
n y  y 2  1 f –1(x) =
2
n x  1  x 2  
 x 2 x  0
G-3. (a) f(x) = 
2
 x x 0
  x x0
clearly f–1(x) =  number of solutions of f(x) = f–1(x) is 3.they are –1, 0, 1
 x x0

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5 – 9  8x 5
(b) 2x2 – 5x + 2 = where x <
4 4
5 – 9  8x
y =2x2 – 5x + 2 and y = are inverse function of each other and are not identical
4
hence intersects each other at y = x line only. For intersection point 2x2 – 5x + 2 = x
3 5 5
 x2 – 3x + 1 = 0  x= but x<
2 4
3– 5
 x=  
2
1
G-4. f(g(x)) = x; f'(g(x)).g'(x) = 1  g'(x) =
f '(g(x))
x = g(x)3 + g(x) + cos g(x)
x = 1  1 = g(1)3 + g(1) + cos g(1) g(1) = 0
1
so g'(1) = 1
f '(0)
f'(x) = 3x2 + 1 – sinx  f'(0) = 1

 g(x) g(x)  Qc  x x  Qc
G-5. Clearly g(g(x)) =  =  = x hence
1  g(x) g(x)  Q 1  (1  x) x  Q
f(x) = g(x) so  – 1 = 1   = 2 & when  = 2
–2x +  + 3x – 1 = –4x + 2 + 3x – 1. hence  = 2
Section (H)
sin1 x
H-1. (i) f(x) = . For sin–1x, x  [–1, 1] and division by zero is undefined x  0
x
 Domain x  [–1, 0)  (0, 1]
 3x  1  3x  1 1 1
(ii) f(x) = 1  2x + 3 sin–1   1 – 2x  0 and – 1   1 x  and – x1
 2  2 2 3
Taking intersection 
 1 1
  Domain x   , 
 3 2
1 1
(iii) f(x) = 2sin x
– – 1  x  1 and x > 2  x  
x2

H-2. (i) f(x) = n (sin–1x) Domain sin–1 x > 0 x  (0, 1]

   
Range 0 < sin–1 x   –  < n (sin–1x)  n  
2 2
Inequality doesn't change as n is increasing function
 3x 2  1  3x 2  1
(ii) f(x) = sin–1    it is obvious is + ve  x  R
 5x 2  1  5x 2  1
 
3x 2  1
for function to be defined  1  3x 2  1  5x2 + 1  5x2 + 1 > 0  x  R
5x 2  1
squaring both side 3x2 + 1  25x4 + 10x2 + 1  25x4 + 7x2  0
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3x 2  1 3x 2  1
hold for all  x  R. So 1xR at x   0
5x 2  1 5x 2  1
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
So 0 < 1  0 < sin–1  /2
5x 2  1 5x 2  1
 (x  1)(x  5) 
(iii) f(x) = cos–1  
 x(x  2)(x  3) 
– + – + – +

–5 0 1 2 3

(x  1)(x  5)
form graph , it is clearly visible
x(x  2)(x  3)
(x  1)(x  5)
that function attain all values b/w [–1, 1]
x(x  2)(x  3)
 (x  1)(x  5) 
So Range of cos-1    [0, ]
 x(x  2)(x  3) 

  1   1  1      3 
H-3. (i) sin   sin1     = sin   sin    = sin    = sin   =1
3  2  3  2  3 6  6 
 1  1   1     1
(ii) tan cos1  tan1    = tan   tan1  = tan  3 – 6  = tan 6 =
 2  3    3 3   3
   3       
(iii) sin–1 cos  sin1   = sin–1 cos 3  = sin sin  2 – 3  = 6
–1

  2      
  
 
n
1
H-4. (i)  cos
i1
i  0  cos–1i = 0  i = 1

n
 n  1
 i·  = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . . . . .
i 1
i + n = n
 2 


2n
–1  
(ii)  sin
i1
xi  n we know that –
2
 sin–1 xi 
2

equility holds good only when sin–1 xi =  i = 1, 2, 3......2n
2
2n
  xi = 1  i = 1, 2, 3,...., 2n  x
i1
i  2n

H-5. (i) cos 1 x > cos 1 x2 x  [ 1, 1]  .

Defined for x  [ 1, 1]
As function decreases
x < x2  x2 – x > 0
x(x – 1) > 0  x  , 0   1,  
x [ 1, 0)
(ii) Let arccotx = p  p2 – 5p + 6 > 0  (p – 2)(P – 3) > 0
cot x is a decreasing function
–1

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( cot 3) U (cot 2, )

(iii) sin–1 x > – 1 

   x (– sin 1, 1]

(iv) cos–1 x < 2 x (cos 2, 1]

(v) cot–1 x < – 3

 cot–1 x > 0  x R  no solution
  
H–6. f :   ,   B if f –1 exists, then function should be one-one and onto
 3 6
   
f(x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin 2x + 1 = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2 + 2  sin  2x   
  6 
  
 x   , 
 3 6
    1  1  x  2   
 2x +    ,  or f(x)  [0, 4] f–1(x) =  sin   
6  2 2 2   2  6
Section (I)
 7 
I-1. (i) sin–1 sin   = sin sin ( + /6) = sin sin (–/6)
–1 –1

 6 
2   
(ii) tan–1 tan = tan–1 tan   –  = –
3  3  3
      3
(iii) cos–1 cos     = cos–1   cos  =  – cos–1 cos = – = = – /6
 4  4 4 4 4
(iv) sec–1 sec (2 – /4) = sec–1sec /4 = /4
3
I-2. (i) sin–1 (sin 4) = ( – 4) [ < 4 < ]
2
(ii) cos–1 (cos 10) = 4– 10
(iii) tan–1 (tan (– 6)) = tan–1 (–(tan(6))) = – tan tan–1 6 = – (6 – 2) = 2– 6
(iv) cot–1 (cot (– 10)) = – cot–1 cot 10 = – (10 –3) = 4– 10
 1  9 9     9  23  3  3 17
(v) cos–1   cos 10  sin 10   = cos cos   = cos–1 cos = cos–1  – cos  =  =
–1
 20 20 20
 2    4 10   20 


I-3. (i) cot (tan–1 a + cot–1 a) = cot =0
2

(ii) sin(sin–1x + cos–1x) = sin =1
2

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  
I-4. tan–1 x >  tan1 x  tan–1 x > x > tan x > 1
2 4 4
Section (J)
3  4 4  1
J-1. (i) sin cos–1 = sin  sin1  = (ii) tan  cos1  = tan(tan–1 2 2 ) = 2 2
5  5  5  3 
 41  41 41
(iii) cosec  sec 1  = cossec cosec–1 =
 5 4 4
 
 65  63 63
(iv) tan  cos ec 1  = tan tan–1 =
 63  16 16
 1  1  1 1 1 3 15 1 3 5
(v) sin=   cos1  = sin cos cos–1 + cos sin cos–1 = × +  =
6 4 6 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 8
 4 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 4 5 6–4 5
(vi) cos  sin1  cos1  = cos sin–1 cos cos–1 – sin sin–1 sin cos–1 =  –  =
 5 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 15
       
(vii) sec  tan tan1     = sec tan tan–1 = sec = 2
   3   3 3
2 5 5
(viii) cos tan–1 = cos cos–1 =
5 3 3
  1 1 1
(ix) tan  – sec –1 3  = cot sec–1 3 = cot cot–1 = =
 2  8 8 2 2

J-2. sin–1 (cos(sin–1 x))  cos –1 sin(cos –1 x) sin–1  1– x   cos
2 –1
1– x 2 =
2
J-3. tan–1x + tan–1y =  – 2 tan–1z
xy xy 2z
= – tan (2tan–1z)  =–
1– xy 1– xy 1– z 2
 x + y – xz2 – yz2 = –2z + 2xyz  x + y + 2z = xz2 + yz2 + 2xyz
 3
J-4. + sin–1x + + tan–1y = 4sec–1z + 5cosec–1z  sin–1x + tan–1y = cosec–1z
2 2
x
y
x 1/ z 2 1 1  x 2 – xy
tan–1 + tan–1y = tan–1  1– x =  z2 – 1 =
1– x 2 1 xy z2 – 1 x  y 1– x2
1– 2 1–
2
z 1– x
 –1 2
 tan x , x  0

  x
J-5. g(x) =  , x0 x > 0 h(f(x)) = = h (g(x))
 2 2
 –1 2
 – tan x , x  0

x –x
x < 0 h(f(x)) = , h (g(x)) =
2 2
1
J-6. (i) Let tan–1 x =   tan  = x cot = x>0
x
1
  = – + cot–1  x<0
x
x  x 
sin =   = sin–1  
2
1 x2  1 x 

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1
cos= x>0
1 x2
1
 = cos–1 = tan–1 x x>0
2
1 x
1 1
and for x < 0  cos–1 cos = cos–1 – = cos–1
2
1 x 1 x2
1 1 x x
tan–1x = –cos–1 tan–1 x = – + cot–1 = sin–1 = – cos–1 where x < 0
1 x 2 x 1 x 2
1 x2

(ii) Let

 = cos–1 x given –1 < x < 0  cos  = x ( , )
2
1 1
sec =  = sec–1  sin  = 1  x 2   =  – sin–1 1  x 2
x x
1– x2 1– x2
tan  =    = + tan–1
x x
x x
cot =    = cot–1
2
1– x 1– x 2
2x
J-7. (i) Let tan–1 x =   tan–1 = tan–1 tan2 = 2 –  = 2tan–1x – 
1  x2
(ii) Let sin–1 x =   sin–1 (2x 1  x 2 ) = sin–1 sin2 =  – 2 =  – 2sin–1x
(iii) Let cos–1 x =   cos–1 (2x2 – 1) = cos–1 cos2 = 2 – 2 = 2 – 2cos–1x
2x
J-8. Let x = tan and y = tan   sin–1 = sin–1 sin2 =  – 2
1  x2
 1 y2   
cos–1   = cos–1 cos2 = 2  tan       = cot ( – ) = cot [tan–1 x – tan–1y]
 1  y2  2 
 
 xy    1  xy   1  xy
cot  tan1  = cot 
cot 1    =
 1  xy    x  y  xy

J-9. (i) Let sin–1 x = 

1 1 1 1
cos (2) =  1 – 2 sin2  = sin2  =  x = sin  = ±
3 3 3 3

(ii) cot–1 x + tan–1 x = . so x = 3
2
 x –1 x 1 
    4 – 2x2  
 x – 1   x  1 
(iii) tan1   + tan–1   = tan–1  x – 2 2 x  2  = tan–1   =

 x–2  x2  x –1   3  4
 1– 2 
 x –4 
case- I
4 – 2x 2 1
=1  x=± ... (1)
3 2
(x – 1)(x  1)
If 1  x (–2, 2) ...(2)
(x – 2)(x  2)
1
from (1) & (2) x = ±
2

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(x – 1)(x  1)
case-II If 1
(x – 2)(x  2)
 x  (–, –2)  (2, ) ....(3)
 4 – 2x2  
tan–1   + =
 3 4
 
4 – 2x 2 1
=1 x=± .....(4)
3 2
from (3) & (4)  x 
(x – 1)(x  1)
case-III  =1
(x – 2)(x  2)
1
no solution  x=± are the solutions
2
2  2 
(iv) sin–1 x = – sin–1 2x  sin x sin–1 x = sin  – sin–1 2x 
3  3 
3 2x 3
x= 1– 4x 2   x= 1– 4x 2  x
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 – 4x2 = 0 x = ± But x = – does not satisfy  x=
2 2 2
Section (K)
3  8   3 15 8 4  77
K-1. (i) sin–1   + sin–1   = sin–1      = sin–1
5  17   5 17 17 5  85
3 5

3 5 56 33
(ii) tan–1 + tan = tan–1 4 12 = tan–1 = cos–1
4 12 3 5 33 65
1 
4 12
 1   1  1  3 1 2  1 
(iii) sin–1   + cot 3 = sin 
–1 –1
 + sin
–1
= sin–1   .  = sin
–1
=
 5  5 10  5 10 10 5  2 4
 1 1   1 1 
 1  1  1  1  38   57 
(iv) tan   + tan   + tan   + tan   = tan 
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1
 + tan –1

3 5 7 8  1– 1 . 1   1– 1  1 
 3 8  5 7
 11 6 
 11  –1  12   11  –1  6   23  17  
= tan–1    tan  34  = tan –1
 23   tan  17  = tan –1
  = tan–1 (1) =
 23         1– 11 6  4

 23 17 
1 –1 1 –1 1
K-2. (i) tan–1 2  tan  tan +......... upto n terms
x  x 1 x 2  3x  3 x2  5x  7
n n n
–1  1  –1 (x  r) – (x  r – 1) 
=  tan
r 1

 1  (x  r)(x  r – 1)
=

 tan
r 1

  (x  r)(x  r – 1) 
1
=  tan
r 1
–1
(x  r)– tan–1(x  r – 1) 
= [{tan–1 (x+1) – tan–1 x } + {tan–1 (x + 2) – tan–1 (x + 1)} + {tan–1 (x + 3) – tan–1 (x + 2)} + .....+
{tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 (x + n – 1)}] = tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 x

1 2 2n–1
(ii) tan–1 + tan–1 + ..... + tan–1 + ......... + upto infinite terms
3 9 1  22n–1
  
–1 2n–1 –1 2n  2n 1 –1 n
=  tan =  tan =  {tan 2 – tan–1 2n–1 }
n1 1  22n–1 n1 1  2n.2n1 n1
= [(tan–1 2 – tan–1 1) + (tan–1 22 – tan–1 2) +
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  
(tan–1 23 – tan–1 22) + ..... + im (tan–1 2n – tan–1 2n–1)] = im tan–1 2n – tan–1 1 = – =
n n 2 4 4
1 2 –1 n – n–1
(iii) sin–1 + sin–1 +.....+ sin–1 +....... up to infinite terms
2 6 n(n – 1)
 
–1 n – n–1  –1 1 1 
=  sin =  sin – sin–1 
n1 n(n  1) n1 n n 1
 1   –1 1 1   –1 1 1   –1 1 1  
=  sin–1 1– sin–1    sin – sin–1    sin – sin–1   ....  im  sin – sin–1  =
 2  2 3  3 4 n   n n  1  2

PART - II
Section (A)
A-1. B U C = {c, d, e} , B  C= {d}
A (B C) = 
A (B C) = {a, b, d}
A × (B C)= {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e)}
A × (B C) = {(a, d), (b, d)}

A-2. n(A) = 3, n(B) = 2; n(C) = 3  n(A  B  C) = 3.2.3. = 18.

A-3. A × B is a relation defined from set A to set B
A-4. Obviously R  A× B
A-5. R1  Domain = {1, 3, 5}
Range = {3, 5, 7} so R1 is a relation
R2  Domain = {1,2, 3, 4, 5}
Range = {1, 3, 5} so R2 is a relation

R3  Domain = {1, 3, 5}
Range = {1, 3, 5, 7} so R3 is a relation

R4  Domain = {1, 2, 7}  X so R4 is not a relation

A-6. A = {1, 2, 3}
–5 < a2 – b2  5
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3}
Range of R = {1, 2, 3}
Section (B)
B-1. For any a  N, we find that a is divisible by a, therefore R is reflexive but R is not symmetric,
because aRb does not imply that bRa.

B-2. Since x | x, therefore R is not reflexive. Also x < y does not imply that y < x, So R is not symmetric. Let
xRy and yRz. Then x < y and y < z  x < z i.e., xRz. Hence R is transitive.

B-3. xR2y  x > y is not symmetric relation

xR3y  x / y is not symmetric relation
xR4y  x < y is not symmetric relation
xR1y  x2 = y2 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive so equivalence relation
xR4y  x < y is not symmetric relation
xR1y  x2 = y2 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive so equivalence relation

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B-4. For any a  R, we have a  a, Therefore the relation R1 is reflexive but it is not symmetric as (2, 1)  R1
but (1, 2)  R1. The relation R1 is transitive also, because (a, b)  R1, (b, c)  R1 imply that a  b and b
 c which is turn imply that a  c  (a, c) R1.
B-5. Here R     
Hence R is symmetric.
B-6. 1 + a.a = 1 + a2 > 0,  aS,  (a, a)  R
 R is reflexive
(a, b)  R  1 + ab > 0  1 + ba > 0  (b, a)  R
 R is symmetric.
 (a, b) R and (b, c)  R need not imply (a, c)  R
Hence, R is not transitive.
B-7. 1. R is not symmetric so it is incorrect.
2. S1  S2 so not reflexive
Let S1 = {1, 2, 3} & S2 = {1, 2}
it satisfies the condition
S1  S2  S2  S1
 So non symmetric.
let S1 = {1, 2}, S2 = {4, 5}, S3 = {1, 2, 3}
as S1  S2 and S1  S3 S1 S3
so non transitive.

B-8. We have (a, b)R (a, b) for all (a, b)  N × N

Since a + b = b + a. Hence, R is reflexive.
R is symmetric for all (a, b), (c, d)  N × N we have (a, b) R (c, d) 
  a+d=b+c
 c+b=d+a  (c, d) R (a, b).
(a, b)R (c, d) and (c, d)R (e, f)
a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e,
 a+d+c+f=b+c+d+ea+f=b+e
 (a, b) R (e, f)  R is transitive
Thus, (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f)  (a, b) R (e, f)
B-9. 1 || 2  R is reflexive.
1 || 2  2 || 1  R is symmetric.
1 || 2  2 || 3  1 || 3  R is transitive.

B-10. R = {(x, y) ; x, y  A , x + y = 5} A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

R = {(1 ,4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

B-11. Reflexive Relation :

A.A  0 for A  S so Relation is not Reflexive Relation
Symmetric Relation :
A.B = 0  BA = 0 Not True  A,BS
0 0  0 0 
for example A   , B    AB = 0 but BA  0
 2 0  0 2 
Transitive Relation :
AB = 0, BC = 0  AC = 0 Not True,  A,B,CS
 1 2 0 0  2 3 
for example A   , B  , C  AB = 0, BC = 0 but AC  0
3 4  0 0  4 5 

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Section (C)
C-1. [e] – [–]
here e  2.7
  3.14
 [2.7] – [– 3.14] = 2 – (–4) = 2 + 4 = 6

C-2. 2{x}2 – 5{x} + 2 = 0

1
So {x} = ,2 but {x}  2
2
1
So {x} = x has infinite values.
2

49 149 151
C-3. n1
f(n) = 0; 
n 50
f(n) = 100; f (150) + f(151) = 4;  f(n) = 104
n1

C-4. Let 2x = t
then [t] – 3 {t} = 1
Now put t =  + f ; 0  f < 1  I–3f=1
0I–1<3
1  I < 4 I = 1, 2,3
1
When I = 1, then = 0   x=
2
1 7
When I = 2, then f =  x=
3 6
2 11
When I = 3, then f =  x=
3 6
so it has three solutions.

x2  5x  4
C-5. < 0 (x – 1) (x – 4) < 0 and x   x  (1, 4) – {2, 3}.
{x}

C-6. x3 – 4x + 3x  0 x (0, 1) (3, )

Since x Z, x is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Hence number of values of x is 7.

C-7. Case : xI

0 = |x – 1|  x = 1
Case- : x  I
1 = |x–1|  x = 0, 2 (reject both)  x = 1
C-8. p should be irrational (D).

Section (D)
D-1. For domain – log0.3(x – 1)  0 and x2 + 2x + 8 > 0
 log0.3(x – 1)  0  (x + 1)2 + 7 > 0
 (x – 1)  1  xR
 x2  Taking intersection x  [2, )

D-2. f(x) = loge (3x2 – 4x + 5)

11 11
3x2 – 4x + 5  n (3x2 – 4x + 5)  n [ n is an increasing function]
3 3
 11 
 Range is  n ,  
 3 
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D-3. f(x) = 4x + 2x + 1
Let 2x = t > 0,  x  R
 f(x) = g(t) = t2 + t + 1, t>0
2 2 2
 1 3  1 1  1 1  1 3
g(t) =  t   +  t  2 > 2   t   >  t   + >1
 2 4    2 4  2 4
Range is (1, )

D-4. f(x) = log 5  

2(sin x  cos x)  3 we know that – 2  sin x – cos x  2 ,  x  R [since – a2  b2

 a sin x + b cos x  a2  b2 ]  –2 2 (sin x – cos x)  2

 1 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3  5 0  log 5
( 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3)  2. Hence range is [0, 2]
D-5. One One / Many One
2x2  x  5 (4x  1)(7x 2  2x  10)  (14x  2)(2x 2  x  5)
f(x) = , Domain x  R  f(x) =
7x 2  2x  10 (7x 2  2x  10)2
11x2  30x  20  30 
f(x) = 2 2
>0   x  (– , 0)   ,  
(7x  2x  10)  11 
 30  30
f (x) < 0  x   0,    f(x) = 0  x = 0,
 11  11
Function is increasing and decreasing in different intervals, so non monotonic
Many one function.
Onto / Into
2x2  x  5
f(x) = 2x2 – x + 5 > 0,  x  R and 7x2 + 2x + 10 > 0  x  R
7x 2  2x  10
a = 2 > 0 and  a = 7 and D = 4 – 280 < 0
D = 1 – 40 = – 39 < 0  f(x) > 0  x  R
Also f(x) never tends to ± as 7x2 + 2x + 10 has no real roots, Range  Codomain so into function.
D-6. f(x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x, x  R f(x) = 3x2 + 2x + 3 + cos x
32
 3x2 + 2x + 3  as a = 3 > 0 and D < 0
12
 –1  cos x  1
so f(x) > 0  x  R  lim f(x) = +   lim f(x) = – 
x  x 
Hence f(x) is one-one and onto function (as f(x) is continuous function)

D-7. 4 – x2  0 , x3 – x > 0  x  ±2 and –1 < x < 0 or 1 < x < 

 D = (–1, 0)  (1, ) – {2} or D = (–1, 0)  (1, 2)  (2, ).

x
D-8. f : [0, )  [0, )  f(x) =
1 x
x1 x2
=  x1 = x2 only
1  x1 1  x 2
for given domain f(x) < 1
 function is into

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2
 2
1  x 
D-9.    1 when x  
 1  3
1  x  1  x 
  

x2
D-10. f(x) =
(x  1)(x  3)

D-11. f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))   g(x1) = g(x2)

as f is one - one function  x 1 = x2
as g is one - one function
hence f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))  x1 = x2  f(x) is one - one function

D-12. If f(x) is increasing continuous function in [, ], then its range is [f(), f()] but for discontinuous
function the statement is not true.
So D is correct.
 x, x  Q
D-13. y = (f – g) (x) = 
 x, x  Q
Which is one-one and onto function

Section (E)
E-1. (A) f(x) = sin2x + cos2x, x  R and g(x) = 1, x  R
f(x) = 1, x  R and g(x) = 1, x  R identical functions

(B) f(x) = sec2x – tan2x, x  R – (2n + 1) and g(x) = 1, x  R Non-identical functions
2
(C) f(x) = cosec2x – cot2x, x  R – n and g(x) = 1, x  R Non-identical functions

E-2. Domain of f(g(x)). Range of g(x)  Domain of f(x)

 – 5  |2x + 5|  7  0  |2x + 5|  7  –7  2x + 5  7
 – 12  2x  2  –6x1

E-3. g(x) = 1 + {x}  f(x) = sgn (x)

 f(g(x)) = sgn (1 + {x}) = 1

Section (F)
 1  sin x   1  sin x   1  sin x 
F-1. f(x) = log   f(–x) = log   = – log   = – f(x) odd function
 1  sin x   1  sin x   1  sin x 

1 1 1  1
F-2. f(x) = [x] + , x   f(–x) = [–x] + = –[x] – 1 + = – = –  [x]   = – f(x) odd function
2 2 2  2

F-3. Let us consider a graph symmetric w.r.t. line x = 2 as shown in figure

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from figure f(x1) = f(x2) where x1 = 2 – x & x2 = 2 + x  f(2 – x) = f(2 + x)

F-4. f(x) = sec (sin x). Since sin x is a periodic function with fundamental period 2. f(x) has a period 2
for fundamental period f(x + ) = sec (sin ( + x)) = sec (–sin x) = sec (sin x) = f(x)
 
f  x    f(x) hence fundamental period is 
 2 
2
F-5. f(x) = sin  [a] x   Period =
[a]
=

[a] = 4    a  [4, 5)

F-6. y = [2 |cosx|]
period = 

area in [0, ] = 2.
3

2
so required area = 9 × = 6
3
Section (G)
y ex  e x
G-1. =
1 e x  e x
By compnendo and dividendo
1 y 2e x  1 y 
=  x
2x = n  
1  y 2e  1 y 
1  1 x 
 n
f–1(x) =
2  1  x 
G-2. f : [1, )  [2, ) 
1 y  y2  4
 y = f(x) = x +  x2 – xy + 1 = 0  x=
x 2
x  x2  4
 f–1(x) = as f –1 : [2, )  [1, )
2

G-3. Since f(x) and f–1(x) are symmetric about the line y = –x.
If () lies on y = f(x) then (–, –) on y = f–1(x)
 (–, –) lies on y = f(x)
 y = f(x) is odd.
 ax  b 
a b
ax  b cx  d  a2 x  ab  bcx  bd
G-4. f(x) =  fof(x) =   fof(x) =
cx  d  ax  b  acx  bc  cdx  d2
c  d
 cx  d 

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(a2  bc)x  (ab  bd)

fof(x) = =x
(ac  cd)x  (bc  d2 )
on comparing coefficient of both side (a2 + bc) x + (ab + bd) = (ac + cd) x2 + (bc + d2) x
a2 + bc = bc + d2  a = d or a = – d
and ab + bd = 0  b = 0 or a = – d
and ac + cd = 0  c = 0 or a = – d
which can be simultaneously true for a = – d

 f(x) 1  f(x)  1  x 1  x  1
G-5. h(x) = f(f(x)) =  2
=  4
f(x) 1  f(x)  2  x 1  x  2
so domain of h(x) is [–1, 2 ]. hence range of h–1(x) is [–1, 2 ]
 f(x) 1  f(x)  1  x 1  x  1
h(x) = f(f(x)) =  2
=  4
f(x) 1  f(x)  2  x 1  x  2

G-6. y = f(x) and y = f –1(x) can intersect at points other than y = x

e.g. y=–x+c or y= 1  x2

Section (H)
H-1. f(x) = sin–1 (|x – 1| – 2). For domain – 1  |x – 1| – 2  1
1  |x – 1|  3 x – 1  [–3, –1]  [1, 3]  x  [–2, 0]  [2, 4]

H-2. f(x) = cot–1 x(x  3) + cos–1 x2  3x  1

for domain
x(x + 3)  0 and 0  x2 + 3x + 1  1
 x  (–, –3]  [0, ) and x2 + 3x + 1  0 and x2 + 3x  0  x  [–3, 0]
Taking intersection
 x  {–3, 0}

H-3.  –1  x  1 ...(1)
xR ...(2)
x  –1 or x 1 ...(3)
By (1)  (2) (3)
 x  {–1, 1}
     3
H-4. Domain of f(x) is x  {–1, 1} f(–1) =       f(1) =  0 
2 4 4 2 4 4

H-5. cosec–1 (cosx) is defined if cosx  1 or cos x  1  cosx = 1 x = n

 
H-6. y = sin1 2x  For domain sin–1 2x + 0
6 6
  1 1 1
 –  sin–1 2x   –  2x  1  – x 
6 2 2 4 2
   3  3 
H-7. sin–1  tan  – sin–1   – =0  sin–11 – sin–1 =
4  x 6
  x 6
3 3
 =  x=2 x=4
2 x
H-8. 4 – x2  0 & –1  x2 – 5  1
x2  4 & 4  x2 – 5  6
So x = 4 which satisfy the given equation
2

So x = ±2 number of solution = 2.
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Section (I)
I-1. x  2 cos–1 cos x = 2– x
  2
I-2. sin–1 x + sin–1 y = – cos–1 x – cos–1 y + =  – (cos–1 x + cos–1 y) =
2 2 3

cos–1 x + cos–1 y =
3

I-3. = sin–1 x + cos–1 x – tan–1 x = – tan–1 x
2
Domain x  [–1, 1] But given x 0

 x  [0, 1]  = – tan–1x = cot–1x
2
 
for x [0, 1]    
4 2


I-4.
e–x = |nx|
Section (J)
 3 3 3
J-1. = cot   sin1  = – tan sin1 =
2 5 5 4
J-2. tan2 (sec–1 2) + cot2 (cosec–1 3) tan2 (tan–1 3 ) + cot2 (cot–1 8 )3 + 8 = 11

J-3. Let f(x) = x3 +3x – tan2

f'(x) = 3x2 + 3 > 0  x  R  f(x) is increasing and has exactly one real root
f(0) = – tan 2 = positive
f(–1) = – 1 – 3 – tan2 = – 4 – tan2 = negative
  lies between (–1,0)
1  
Now, cot–1 + cot–1 – = cot–1  +  + tan–1 – = 
 2 2
J-4. Here, x  [0,4]
Now, we have
 x  x 2 1
sin–1  + cos–1  + tan –1 y = y=
 2   2  3 3
   
1 49 1 1
Maximum value of (x2 + y2) = 16 + = and minimum value of (x2 + y2) = (0)2 + 
3 3 3 3

1
J-5. By property if x < 0 tan–1 = cot–1 x – 
x
1  1 
tan–1 x + tan–1 = tan–1 x + cot–1 x –  = –  tan–1 x + tan–1 =–
x 2 x 2

 1  1  1
J-6. sin–1 x + cot–1   = sin–1 x + cos–1 = x =
2
  2 5 2 5

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1
2.
5 –1
1
1–
25 7
J-7. =
1 17
2.
1 5 .1
1
1–
25

Section (K)
x x
–
3 3 x x
K-1. f(x) = tan–1 = tan–1 – tan–1 ; 0  x  3.
x2 3 3
1
3 3
x  
Hence, f(x) = tan–1    range of f(x) is 0, 
2  4

K-2. Using properties

 a x
 tan–1 x + cot–1 x =    x = ab
2 x b
 m
m  1– n  m m 
statement-1 is true tan–1  n  + tan 
–1
 = tan–1 + tan–1 1 – tan–1 = .
  m
 1   n n 4
 n 

y  xy y2 
K-3. Given that, cos–1 x – cos–1 =  cos–1   1 x2 1   =
2  2 4 
 

xy y2 y2
 + 1 x2 1 = cos  2 1  x2 1 = 2 cos  – xy
2 4 4

4(1  x 2 )(4  y 2 )
On squaring both sides, we get = 4 cos2 + x2y2 – 4xy cos 
4
4 – 4x2 – y2 + x2y2 = 4 cos2 + x2y2 – 4xy cos 
4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 = 4 sin2

PART - III
1. Obvious (according diffenations of Reflexive, Symmectric and Transitive relation)

2. (A) f() = Area of Different triangles can have same area.

  Many on function. Area of triangle is positive hence onto function
(B) f(x) = cot–1 (2x – x2 – 2) = cot–1(–1 – (x – 1)2)
 –1 – (x – 1)2  –1
  f(0) = f(2). Hence f(x) is many-one.

 3 
 cot–1 (2x – x2 – 2)  ,  
 4 
Hence, f(x) is onto. Also f(3) = f(–1), hence function is many-one.

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  –1 – (x – 1)2 = –5.

2x2  x  1  x 2  2x
(C) f(x) =  f(x) =  f(x) is not monotonic
(7x 2  4x  4) (7x 2  4x  4)2

 f(x) is many one.

(D)

Clearly, from the graph that f(x) is many-one and onto.

3. Obvious


4. (A) sin–1 x + cos–1 x =  x  [0, 1]
2
(B) sin–1 
x + cos–1 1  x 2  =0  cos–1 1  x 2 = – sin–1(x)  x  [–1, 0]

 1– x2   1– x2 
(C) g  = 2h(x)  cos–1   = 2 tan–1 x  x [0, )
 1  x2  1  x2
   
 1 x   1 x 
(D) h(x) + h (1) = h    tan–1 x + tan–1= tan–1    x (–, 1)
 1– x   1– x 
a (a  b  c) b (a  b  c) c (a  b  c)
5. (A) Let x = , y= , z= , x, y, z > 0
bc ac ab

 = tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z

3/2
Now x + y + z =
a (a  b  c)
+
b (a  b  c)
+
c (a  b  c)
=
a  b  c 
bc ac ab abc

3/2
and xyz =
 a  b  c
 x + y + z = xyz tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = 
abc

Hence  = 

(B) Let  = tan–1(cotA)

 = tan–1(cot3A)

cot A  cot 3 A
tan ( + ) =
1  cot 4 A


R.H.S. is negative       
2

cot A tan 2A
 tan ( +  – ) = 2
=–
1  cot A 2

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 tan 2A 
  +  =  – tan–1   G.E. =  independent of A.
 2 

1
(C) If x < 0, then {cos– 1(2x2 – 1) + 2cos–1 x} x = cos,  <  < 
2

1 1
{cos– 1(2x2 – 1) + 2cos–1 x} = {cos– 1(cos2) + 2cos–1x}
2 2

1 1
= {cos– 1(cos2) + 2cos–1x} = {–2 + 2 + 2} = 
2 2

3  12   16  3  5   16 
(D) sin–1   – cos–1  13  + cos  65  = sin  5  – sin
–1 –1 –1
 13  + cos  65 
–1

5          

 2 2
3  5  5 3   16 
= sin–1  . 1–   – 1–    + cos–1  
 5 13
  13 5
    65 


 3 12 5 4   16   16   16  
= sin–1  . – .  + cos–1   = sin–1   + cos–1   =
 5 13 13 5   65   65   65  2

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
1. For any x  R, we have x – x + 2 = 2 an irrational number
 xRx for all x. So, R is reflexive.
R is not symmetric, because 2R1but 1 R 2 ,R is not transitive also because 2 R1 and
2 1R2 2 but 2 R 2 2

2. ((m,n) ,(p,q)) S

m+q=n+p
((p,q) , (r,s))  S p+s=r+q
 ((r,s) , (m,n))  s
as r + n = m + s
Now if we add above equation
((m,n) , (p,q))  s  m + q = n + p
 (n+p) = m + q & hence ((P,q) , (m,n))

3. R1 : m + 4n = 5n + (m – n)
R2 : m + 9n =10n +(m – n)
If 5n + (m – n) is divisible by 5 then 10n + (m – n) is also divisible by 5 and vice versa.
hence R1 = R2
Also R1 & R2 is symmetric relation on Z.

4. (x, y)X    x < y and y = x + 5  (x, x) X, Hence not reflective

If (x, y)X   x < y and y = x + 5
(y, x)X  X is not symmetric
Let (x, y)X and (y, z)X  x < y; y = x + 5 and y < z; z = y + 5
 x < z and z = x +10   (x, z)X
Not transitive

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5.

1+1+1=3

 1  2
6. x – 3  = x  3  – 1
   
 1  2
 the equation becomes [x] +  x   +  x   = 9
 2   3
 1  2
Let n x < n + 1, then [x] = n,  x   = n or n + 1,  x   = n or n + 1
 2  3
 1  2
 [x] +  x   +  x   = 3n, 3n + 1, 3n + 2
 2  3
 the only possible case is 3n = 9 i.e. n = 3
1 2 10
3 x < 4, 3 x + < 4 and 3 x + < 4 i.e. 3 x <
2 3 3
10
a = 3, b =
3
7. f(x) = {x} × 100
f( 3 ) = { 3 }× 100
[f( 3 )] = [73.2-------] = 73

8. x2 – 10x + 25sgn (x2 + 4x – 32)  0 

2
 x  10x  25  0 when (x  8)(x  4)  0 or x  ( , 8)  (4,  )

2
 x  10x  25  0 when (x  8)(x  4)  0 or x  ( 8, 4)
 2
 x  10x  0 when (x  8)(x  4)  0 or x  {4, 8}

total solutions = – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

9. [x + [2x]] < 3

[x] + [2x] < 3
True for

x<1

10. (i) – x2 + 5x – 6  0 x [2, 3]

and
1
(ii) 2 {x} < 1  {x} <
2
 5
 x  2 ,  {3}
 2 

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  1    1 
11. f (x) = log 1 / 2   log2  1  4   1  – log 2  1   – 1 > 0
1/ 4
  x   x 
 1  1 1 1 1
 –  < log 2  1  1/ 4  < – 1 0 < 1 + 1/ 4
< – 1 < 1/ 4
< –
 x  x 2 x 2
 x  (null set)  x 

12. q2  4 p r = 0, p > 0  f(x) = log (px3 + (p + q) x2 + (q + r) x + r)

Let g(x) = px + (p + q) x + (q + r) x + r
3 2
 g(x) = (x + 1) (px2 + qx + r)
Discriminant of px + qx + r is q – 4pr = 0
2 2

2
 q 
Domain (x + 1) (px + qx + r) > 0
2
  p(x + 1)  x   >0
 2p 
q  q 
 x  – and x > – 1  x  R – [(–, –1]    
2p  2p 
x  [x] {x} 1
13. f (x) = = = 1 –
1  x  [x] 1  {x} 1  {x}
 1
 {x}  [0, 1)  f (x) 0, 
 2
e x  e|x|
14. f (x) =
ex  e|x|
ex  ex 1 1 1  1   1
if x  0, f(x) = = – =  1  x 2  ; f (x)  0,  ........(i)
2e x 2 2(e x )2 2  (e )   2
 1
f (x)  0, 
 2
ex  ex
if x < 0, f (x) = = 0 .........(ii)
e x  e x
 1
 range of f (x) is (i)  (ii) = 0, 
 2

15. Here (2 – log 2 (16 sin 2 x + 1) > 0  0 < 16 sin 2 x + 1 < 4

1 3
 sin 2 x <  1  16 sin 2 x + 1  4  0  log 2 (16 sin 2 x + 1) < 2
16 16
 2  2 – log 2 (16 sin 2 x + 1) > 0 
  log 2 2  log 2 (2 – log 2 (16 sin x + 1)) > – 
2
 2  y > – 
Hence range is y  (– 2]

x x
16. (A) 1  sin x = sin  cos
2 2
x x
sin + cos non-identical function
2 2
x2
(B) x, Non-identical function
x
(C) x2 = |x|, x R
2
 x = x, x R+ U {0} non-identical function
(D) nx3 + n x2 = 5 nx, x > 0
5x , x > 0 identical function

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17. f(6{x}2 – 5{x} + 1)   f((3{x} – 1) (2 {x} – 1))  (3{x} – 1) (2{x} – 1)  0

 1 1  1 1
or {x}  , 
3 2
 x 
n 
n  3 , n  2 


18. f : (e, )  R   f(x) = n(n(n x))

D : n(n x) > 0 or nx > 1 or x>e
R : (– , )  one-one and onto function

19. f(x) = 2[x] + cos x ; f(x) = cos x x  [0, 1)

= 2 + cos x x  [1, 2)
= 4 + cos x x  [2, 3)
= 6 + cos x x  [3, 4)
for x  [0, 1) f(x) = – ve
x  [1, 2) f(x) = – ve
x  [2, 3) f(x) = – ve
x  [3, 4) f(x) = + ve
 function is not one-one
if x  [0, 1) range : [1, cos 1)
x  [1, 2) range : [2 + cos 1, 2 + cos 2)
not onto function
20. f (2) = f (3 1 / 4 ) = 0 many one
f (x)  – 3 Into

21. f (x) = |x – 1| f : R +  R ; g(x) = e x , g : [–1, )  R

f og(x) = f[g(x)] = |e x – 1|
D : [–1, ) ; R : [0, )

x
22. x  (2, 4)  2 = 1
 
so  f (x) = x – 1  y = x – 1 
    x = y + 1  f –1 (x) = x + 1
23. f : R  R, f (x) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c
f (x) = 3x 2 + 2ax + b
D  0 or 4a 2 – 12b  0 or a 2  3b4

24. 0 1
f : [1, )  [1, )
f(x) = 2x(x – 1)
x(x – 1) is strictly increasing in domain
f(x) = 2x(x – 1) is one one & onto function so inverse is defined
2x(x – 1) =y  x2 – x = log2 y  x2 – x – log2 y = 0
 1  1  4log2 y 
x=  
 2 
 
–ve sign rejected as domain range of f n is [1, )
 1  1  4log2 x 
f–1(x) =  
 2 
 

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25. f:NN
 x  1, x  Even natural  x  1, x  Odd natural
f(x) = x + (–1)x – 1  f(x) =  f–1 (x) =  
 x  1, x  Odd natural  x  1, x  Even natural
  f (x) = x + (–1)
–1 x–1

 1   1 
26. tan   cos –1 x   tan  – cos –1 x  x  0
4 2  4 2 
1 
let = cos – 1 x, 2[0, ] –  
2 2 
    1  tan  1– tan   1  tan2   2 2 2
= tan      tan  –   =   2  =  
4 4 1– tan  1  tan   2 –1
   1– tan   cos2 coscos x x

 1  sin x  1  sin x  
27. cot 1   x
 1  sin x  1  sin x  2
Rationalize the term in the bracket
 2  2 1  sin2 x  1  cos x  x  x  x
= cot 1   =cot – 1  

=cot – 1   tan  =

 tan1   tan  =  tan1 tan
 2sin x    sin x   2 2  2 2 2
 
x    x
since   ,  = 
2 4 2 2 2
 1  x3 
28. f (x) = sin – 1  3 / 2  + sin(sin x) + log ( 3 { x } + 1 ) (x 2 + 1)
 2x
 
1 x3
Domain : 3{x} + 1  1 or 0  x  and – 1   1
2x3 / 2
 – 2x 3 / 2  1 + x 3  2x 3 / 2  1 + x 3 + 2x 3 / 2  0  (1 + x 3 / 2 ) 2  0 
  x  R  1 + x – 2x 3 / 2  0
3

or (1 – x 3 / 2 ) 2  0 or 1 – x 3/2 = 0 or x = 1
Hence domain x 

29. Clearly (B) also satisfies (i), (ii), (iii) but not (iv) but (A) satisfies all the condition

30. ([cot – 1 x] – 3) 2  0  [cot 1 x]  3

 3  cot 1 x  4    3  cot 1 x    4
   x  cot 3

31. sin– 1sin 5 = 5 – 2  

 x2 – 4x – 5 + 2 < 0  x  2  9  2   x   2  9  2  < 0

 x  2 – 9  2, 2  9  2 
 x2 x 3   2 x 4 x6   x   x2  
32. sin–1  x   .......  + cos–1  x    ...  =  sin–1   + cos–1   =
 2 4  2 4   1  (x / 2)   2 2
     1  (x / 2) 
2x 2x 2
=  2x + x3 = 2x2 + x3
2x 2  x2
x = 0, 1 But  |x| > 0
so x = 1 is the only answer.

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33. Given that cot–1 ( cos ) – tan–1 ( cos ) = x .....(i)


We know that, cot–1 ( cos ) + tan–1 ( cos ) = ......(ii)
2
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
x
cot
1
  x 2
2 cot ( cos ) =
–1
+x  cos = cot     cos =
2 4 2 x
1  cot
2
x x 
cos
 sin 1  tan2
2 2  1  sin x 2 1  sin x
 cos = cos  =  =
x x 1  sin x 2  1  sin x
cos  sin 1  tan
2 2 2

Applying componendo and dividendo rule, we get sin x = tan2  
2

34. Given that, sin–1 x = 2 sin–1 

   
Since, –  sin–1 x   –  2 sin–1  
2 2 2 2
     
 –  sin–1    sin       sin  
4 4  4  4
1 1 1
 –   || 
2 2 2

 
35. f(x) = cot–1x R+  2
 0, 2  ; g(x) = 2x – x R  R
 
 
f(g(x)) = cot–1 (2x – x2), where x  (0, 2) & 2x – x2  (0, 1] hence f(g(x))   , 
4 2 

   
cos1  sin x   
36. f (x) = e   3 

    3  7
Domain –1  sin  x    1 +  x +    x 
 3  2 3 2 6 6
 4  2cos x  4  2cos x
g(x) = cosec –1     1
 3  3
1   5 
or cos x   x  , 
2 3 3 
1      3
cos  sin x    cos 1 1, 
  7    3   2 
Domain of h(x) : x   ,   h(x) = e = e range of h(x) : [e  / 6 , e  ]
3 6 

PART–II

1. Let x = I + f, f  (0, 1) (as f  0)

so f, , + f are in H.P.
2f(  f )
i.e. =  2 + 2f = 2f + 2f 2
f f
 =±f 2

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1 2 1
If  = 1, f =   x=
2 2
1  2 1
If  = –1, f = +  x=
2 2
( 2  1)(  2  1) 1
so || =  49|| = 24.50
2 2
2. 7x – x2 – 6  0   x2 – 7(x) + 6  0
 3   7 
(x – 1) (x – 6)  0  x  [1, 6] and sinx + cosx  0  1, 4    4 , 6
   
 1 1 3 5
3. x  2  = 2  2x+ <3  x<
  2 2 2

(x 2  x  2)(x  1)
4. f(x) = ; x  R – {0}
(x 2  x  1)(x  1)
x2  x  2
f(x) = ;x  R – {0, –1}
x2  x  1
x2  x  2
y= 2 (y – 1)x2 + (y – 1)x + y – 2 = 0
x  x 1
y  1, D  0
(y – 1)2 – 4(y – 1)(y – 2) = 0 1 < y  7/3 at x = 0 we get y = 2
x=0y=2
x2  x  2  7
& y = 2 2 = 2
x(x + 1) = 0 x = 0, –1 but x  0, –1 so y  2 Range  1,  – {2}.
x  x 1  3
 
 sin2x 0x
2
 0  2x    0  sin2x  1

0 
x
 2
5. f(x) = 
  sin2x   x  3
 2  2x  3     sin2x  1
 2
 3
0  x  2
 2

so range [0, 1].

6. f & g are 2 distinct functions [–1, 1]  [0, 2] onto functions

So f & g are either –x+ 1 or x + 1
Case-I: f(x) = –x + 1 ; g(x) = x + 1
1 x
1
f(x) 1  x 1 x = x
h(x) = = ; h(h(x)) =
g(x) 1  x 1 x
1
1 x
x 1
1
x 1 x 1 = 1
h(1/x) = ; h(h(1/x)] =
x 1 x 1 x
1
x 1

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  1 
h(h(x))  h  h    = |x + 1/x| > 2 as domain does not contain point x = ± 1
  x 
Case-II: f(x) = 1 + x ; g(x) = 1 – x
1 x
1
1 x 1 x = – 1
h(x) = ; h(h(x)) =
1 x 1 x x
1
1 x

  1 
h(h(1/x)) = – x ; h(h(x))  h  h    = |–x – 1/x| = (x + 1/x) > 2
  x 

x 1
7. g(x) = and h(x) = x  f(x) . g(x). h(x) = – 1.
x

8. f(–x) = – [ax7 + bx3 + cx] – 5 ; f(–x) = – [f(x) + 5] – 5

f(–x) = – f(x) = – 10 put x=7 (x = 7)
f(7) = – 17 so f(7) + 17 cosx = – 17 (cos x – 1)  [–34, 0]

4a  7 3
9. f(x) = x + (a – 3) x2 + x + 5  f(x) = (4a – 7) x2 + 2(a – 3) x + 1
3
D  0 for all x  R  xRD0
4(a – 3)2 – 4 (4a – 7)  0  a2 + 9 – 6a – 4a + 7  0
a2 – 10a + 16  0   (a – 8) (a – 2)  0
or a  [2, 8]  f(x) is always +ve for a  [2, 8]

10.

2
Period of e sin x
is 
and that of tan2x is /2
so number of solutions in (0, ) is 2
Number of solutions in [0, ] is 2
so number of solution in [0, 10] = 20

11. f(x) = ([a]2 –5[a] + 4) x3 – (6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) x – tan x(sgn x)

x>0
f(x) = ([a]2 –5[a] + 4) x3 – (6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) x – tan x
x<0
f(x) = ([a]2 –5[a] + 4) x3 – (6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) x + tan x
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Given that function is even function  x  R

So f(x) – f(–x) = 0  n  R
2x3 ([a]2 – 5[a] + 4) – 2x (6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) = 0
So this equation should be independent from x  
 coff. of x3 & x will be zero.
[a]2 – 5[a] + 4 = 0 ; 6{a}2 –5{a} + 1 = 0
[a] = 1, 4 ; {a} = 1/2,1/3
a = 1+ 1/2, 4 + 1/2, 1 + 1/3, 4 + 1/3 = 3/2, 9/2, 4/3, 13/3
Sum = 3/2 + 9/2 + 4/3 + 13/3 = 6 + 17/3 = 35/3
12. 21 x
22 y
23 z
case- case-  case-
f(21) = x T F F
f(22)  x F T F
f(23)  y F F T
case- f(22) = x, f(23) = y
then f(21) = x is not true
case- f(23) = y, f(22) = z, f(21) = x
not possible
case- f(22) = x, f(23) = z, f(21) = y
 f – 1 (x) = 22

1 x
13. f(x) =  f(x) = 0 at x = 1 ± 2
1  x2
for x   2  1, 1  2  f is bijective function hence f is invertible.
 
1 x
=y
1  x2
or x2y + x + (y – 1) = 0

1  1  4y(y  1) 1  4y  4y 2  1
or x= =
2y 2y

 1  4x  4x 2  1
 , x0
f (x) = 
–1
2x
1 , x0 as f (1)  0


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x3  1
14. = 2 3 2x – 1
2
x3  1 3
Let f(x) =    f – 1(x) = 2x – 1
2
Equation becomes f(x) = f – 1(x)
x3  1
 f(x) = x  =x  x3 – 2x + 1 = 0
2
–1  5
 (x – 1) (x2 + x – 1) = 0  x = 1,
2
Allter :
3
Let y = 2x – 1     y3 – 2x + 1 = 0 and x3 – 2y + 1 = 0
 (y3 – 2x + 1) – (x3 – 2y + 1) = 0  (y – x) (y2 + xy + x2 + 2) = 0
 y = x or y2 + xy + x2 + 2 = 0  y = x or (x + y)2 + x2 + y2 + 4 = 0
3
Putting y = x in y = 2x – 1 , we get y = x
x – 2x + 1 = 0
3

–1  5 –1  5
Which yields the values x = 1, x = 1,
2 2

15. cos–1x + cos–1y + cos–1z = 

– 1  x, y, z  1
let x = cos A, y = cos B, z = cos C
where 0  A, B, C  
A+B+C=
x + y + z2 + 2xyz = cos2A + cos2B + cos2C + 2 cos A cos B cos C
2 2

 1  cos2A  3 1
=   2 

+ 2 cos A cos B cos C = +
2 2
(–1 – 4 cos A cos B cos C) + 2 cos A cos B cos C = 1

16. Case-I : x  0
Let cot–1 x = 
 
   0,   x = cot 
 2
1 1 1
 sin  =  sin–1 sin  = sin–1   = sin–1
2 2
1 x 1 x 1 x2
Case-II : x < 0
Let cot–1 x = 
 
   ,    cot  = x
2 
1 1 1
 sin  =  sin–1 sin  = sin–1   –  = sin–1
2 2
1 x 1 x 1 x2
1
  =  – sin–1
1 x2
Therefore,

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 1 1 1
 cos tan sin sin , if x  0
 1 x2 1
LHS =  = cos tan–1 sin sin–1 ; x  R = cos tan–1
cos tan1 sin    sin1 1 
 , if x  0 1 x 2
  
  1  x2 
1
1 x2
1
Let  = tan–1
1 x2
1   1 1  x2
As  (0, 1]    0,   tan  =  cos  =
1 x2  4 1 x2 2  x2

n  n 
17. cot1 >     cot
 6  6
n <  3 nN , nmax = 5

18.
 2 1 x2   1 x2  1
10
 1
sec tan–1 
 2x
 = sec tan–1 
  x
 =
 x  f  r  = 2 + 3 + ....... + 10 = 54
r 2
   

 3 sin2  
19. sin–1  =
 5  4 cos2  2
3 sin 2 6 tan   1  tan2  
Taking sin on both side = 1 3sin2 = 5 + 4 cos2  = 5 + 4  2 

5  4cos 2 1  tan2   1  tan  
tan2 – 6 tan + 9 = 0  tan = 3
20. Given equation is |cos x| = sin–1 (sin x) –  x  

Number of solution = 2

21. sin1x + cos1 (1  x) = sin1 ( x)

2sin1x + cos1 (1  x) = 0 here x  [0, 1]
 
for x  [0, 1] 2sin1
x  [0, ] and cos–1(1– x)  0, 
 2
There sum is equal to zero when both terms equal to zero it gives x = 0 is only solution.

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k  k  1
k(k  1)
22.  r3   cot–1  1  2  r 3  = cot–1 = cot–1(k + 1) – cot–1k
r 1
2  k 1
 1  k(k  1)
 
n
    k   n
1   1 1/ 4 1
   cot 1 1  2  3
r  =  4 = =
   1 3
n1  k 1  r 1   n1   1

4

PART - III
1. Obviously

2. n R m  n is factor of m
m n
(i) R is reflexive (ii) R is not symmetric because = K but N (iii) R is transitive.
n m
3. [2 – x] + 2[x – 1]  0
 2+ [–x] + 2[x] – 2 0
2[x] + [–x] 0
case-I : x I then 2I – I  0 
   I0
so x {0, 1, 2, 3 .....} ... (1)
case-II : x I then I – 1 0
 I 1   = 1, 2, 3 .....
so x (1, 2) (2, 3) (3, 4) ...... (2)
by (1) & (2)
x {0}[1, )
{x} 1/ 2
 1  1 1
4.        {x} <
3 3 2
1 e
 solutions are x =  x = 2 + 3
, x=
9 2
5. [x] 3  x (–, 4)
[x] 4  x (–, 4)
[x] 3  x (4, )
[x] 4  x (4, )
[x] + [–x]  0  [x] + [–x] = 0  xz
{x} + {–x}  0 {x} + {–x} = 0  x z
Hence (C)
sgn (x2 + 1) > 0  x R
x2 + 7x + 43 > 0  x R
Hence (D)

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6. 2e–{x} = x + 1

–1 <  < 0 < < = 1   < 0 &  + + > 0.

7. sgn(x2 – 6x + p) = q
If q = 0, s = 2    x2 – 6x + p = 0 has 2 distinct real roots.
If q = 0, s = 0    x2 – 6x + p = 0 has imaginary roots.
sgn(x2 – 6x + p) = q
8.  x   [x] = x
 |3x – 4x| = 4  |x| = 4  x=±4
Sum P = 0
Product Q = –16

 4  x2 
9. f(x) = sin log  
 1 x 
 
4  x2
4 – x2 > 0 or x  (–2, 2) and >0
1 x
D : (–2, 1)
R : [–1, 1]

10. (i) f(x) = x  1 + 2 3  x

D:x–10 & 3–x0  x  [1, 3]
1 1 7
Range: f(x)= – =0 or f(x) = 0 at x =
2 x 1 3x 5
 7   7  7
f   > 0 & f  < 0  maxima at x = ; Range :  2 , 10 
 5   5  5  
   
11. [2 cos x] + [sin x] = – 3
–2  2 cos x  2  [2 cos x] = 2, 1, –1, –2
– 1  sin x  1  [sin x] = 1, 0, –1
Equation holds true for [2 cos x] = – 2 and [sin x] = –1
1
 – 1  cos x < – and – 1  sin x < 0
2
 2 4   4 
 x  ,  and x  (, 2)  x   ,
 3 3   3 
f(x) = sin x + 3 cos x
 
f(x) = 2 sin  x  
 3
4  5   3  
<x+ <  – 1  sin  x   < –  – 2  2 sin  x   < – 3
3 3 3  3 2  3
Hence range is  2,  3 

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12. Domain D  [–1, 1]

 1 1
tan x0
(A) f(x) =  x many -one
 1 x0

y
/
1
/4
–1
x
0 1
/4

(B) g (x) = x3 one - one

(C) h(x) = sin 2x many - one

 x 
(D) k(x) = sin   one-one function
 2 
13. f(x) = (x3 – x) Q(x) + ax2 + bx + c
f(0) = 1 = c
f(1) = a + b + c = 3
f(–1) = a – b + c = –1  a = 0, b = 2, c = 1  g(x) = 2x + 1

14.
f : [2, )  Y
f (x) = x 2 – 4x + 5
f (x) = (x – 2) 2 + 1
For given domain by graph range is [1, )
For f unction to be onto codomain y = [1, )

 x  1, x is even
15. f (x) =  , which is clearly are one-one and onto.
 x  1, x is odd

16. (A) f (x) = e 1 / 2  n x = x , D : x > 0

g(x) = x , D : x  0
 
(B) tan (tan x) D : x  ± (2n +1)
& tan x  ± (2n +1)
2 2
cot (cot x) D : x  ± n & cot x  ± n
(C) f (x) = cos 2 x + sin 4 x = cos 2 x + (1 – cos 2 x) 2 = 1 – cos 2 x + cos 4 x = sin 2 x + cos 4 x
g(x) = sin 2 x + cos 4 x
|x|
(D) f (x) = , D : x  0  g(x) = sgn (x), D : x  R
x

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ax  1
17. f (x) =  f (x) = f(–x) 
x (a x  1)
n

1  ax ax  1 1
 n x
=  (–x) n = – x n  n = –
( x) (1  a ) x (a x  1)
n 3

18. y = f(x)

y = |f(x)|
 x 2  (x  2)2 x  1 2x 2  4x  4 x  1
 
2 2
y = |f(x)| + f(x + 2) =  x  (  x  1) 1  x  1 ; y = |f(x)| + f(x + 2) =  x  x  1 1  x  1
 x  1 x  1 x 1  2 x 1
 
 0 x0

19. 2
f (–x) =   x sin x  
 x  (1,1)  0 = – f (x) odd f unction

 x x |x| |
 x 2  1  (  x)2  1
20. g(x) = x 3 + tanx +    g(–x) = (–x) 3 + tan(–x) +  
 P   P 
 x 2  1
 g(–x) = –x 3 – tanx +   g(x) + g(–x) = 0
 P 
because g(x) is a odd f unction
  x 2  1   3  x 2  1 
   x3  tan x        x  tan x     0
  P     P  

 (x2  1)  x2  1
 2   0 0  < 1
 P  P
5
Now x  [–2, 2] 0  < 1 P > 5
P
 –1 , –1  x  0
  
21. f : R  [–1, 1]  f(x) = sin  [x]  =  0 , 0  x  1
2   1 , 1 x  2

Many - one function into function
      
Also f(x + 4) = sin  [x  4]  = sin  2  [x]  = sin  [x]  = f(x) and hence periodic
2   2  2 
2x(sin x  tan x)
22. f (x) =
x
2  1


 x    x 
if x = n, f (n) = 0 if x  n    = – 1     
    
 f (–x) = – f(x) odd f unction
f (0) = f () hence many one
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23. (A) f (x) = sinx + cosx

f (–x) = cos x – sin x nither odd nor even
(B) f (x + ) = cos (sin (x +)) + cos (cos (x + ))  f (x + ) = cos (sin x) + cos (cos x) = f(x)

         
f  x   = cos  sin  x    + cos  cos  x    = cos (cos x) + cos (sin x) = f(x)
 2    2    2 


fundamental period =
2

(C) f(x) = cos (3 sin x), x  [–1, 1]

– 3 3 sin x 3  cos (3 ) cos (3 sin x) 1
 Range is [cos (3), 1] [cos (3), 1]
sin( [x])
24. f (x) = = 0, x  
{x}

(A) By graph f undamental period is one

(B) f (–x) = 0 = f (x)  ev en f unction
(C) Range y  {0}
(D) y = sgn – 1, x  
 {x} 
y = sgn  sgn  (1) – 1  y = 1 – 1
 {x} 

y = 0, x   Identical to f(x)

25. Clearly h(x) = 2a

so neither one-one nor onto

–1
26. (A) f(x) = en(sec x) = sec–1x, x  (–, – 1]  (1, )
g(x) = sec–1x, x  (–, – 1] [1, ) non-identical functions
(B) f(x) = tan (tan–1 x) = x, x  R
g(x) = cot (cot–1 x) = x, x  R identical functions
 1 x 0  1 x 0
 
(C) f(x) = sgn (x) =  0 x  0  g(x) = sgn(sgn x) =  0 x  0 Identical functions
 –1 x  0  –1 x  0
 
(D) f(x) = cot2 x . cos2 x, x  R – {n }, n I
g(x) = cot2 x – cos2 x = cot2 x (1 – sin2 x) = cot2 x. cos2 x
x  R – {n }, n I Identical functions
9
27. sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z =  x = y = z = 1 x100 + y100 + z100 – = 0.
x101  y101  z101

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 1 
28. x = cosec tan – 1 cos cot – 1 sec sin – 1 a = co sec tan – 1 cos cot – 1  
 2 
 1– a 
  1  
= cosec tan–1   = 3 – a2
 2 
  2–a  
 1 
again y = sec cot – 1 sin tan – 1 cosec cos – 1 a y = sec cot – 1 sin tan – 1  
 2 
 1– a 
 1 
= sec cot – 1   = (3 – a2 )  x = y = 3 – a2
 2 
 2–a 
29. x2 – x – 2 > 0  satisfies it  2 – – 2 > 0 ( – 2) (+ 1) > 0  < – 1 or > 2
so C & D are correct.
 
30. f (x) =  n (sin – 1 (log 2 x)) Domain 0 < log 2 x  1, x  (1, 2]Range   , n 
 2
31. f : [–1, 1]  [–1, 1]
(A) f(x) = sin (sin–1 x) = x, x [–1, 1] Bijective function y [–1, 1]
2 2  –2 2 
(B) f(x) = sin–1 (sin x) = , x  [–1, 1] Not bijective y   , 
    
 x , x  (0,1]

(C) f(x) (sgn x) (n e ) =  0 ,
x
x0
 –x , x [–1,0)


Not bijective
(D)

 x3 , x  0

f(x) = x3 sgn x =  0 , x0
 3
 –x , x  0
Not bijective
1 1  t2
32. sin cot–1 cos tan–1 t = sin cot–1 =
1  t2 2  t2
1  2t 2
similarly cos tan–1 sin cot–1 2 t =
2  2t 2
1 1 t2 1  2t 2

1  sincot 1 cos tan1 t   1  2t 2  2 2  t2 2  t2 1 t2 1
so  .   = =  1
2  cos tan1 sincot 1 2 t   2  t 2  1  2t 2 2t 2
2  t2
2 1 t2
1 1 1 1
0< 2
 ;  1 2 1
t 2 2 2 t 2
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1– x2  sin   
33. tan – 1 since 0 < x < 1 = tan – 1   (let cos – 1 x =  0 <  < )
1 x  1  cos   2

     1
= tan – 1 tan    0,  = = cos – 1 x ....(1)
2 2  4 2 2


also cos  = 2 cos 2 – 1
2

 1 x
cos = (taking cos – 1 on both side)
2 2

  1 x    
cos – 1 cos = = cos – 1   since   0, 
2  2  2  4


  1 x 
 = cos – 1   ...(2)
2  2 


 1– x
similarly sin =
2 2

  1– x
sin – 1 sin = = sin – 1 ...(3)
2 2 2

 1 x
also = tan – 1 ...(4)
2 1– x

34. Let = cos – 1 x

    1  1
    3 3
 2cos x  3 1  x 
2
     
f (x) =  + cos – 1  cos      =  =
  3    
  1
 –   0   x 1
 3 3  3 2

(i) f (2/3) =
3
1 
(ii) f (1/3) = 2 cos – 1 –
3 3

 k
4n
35. 
n 1
tan  1 4
n  2n  2 2
= lim
k 
tan
n1
1
n  12  tan1(n  1)2 

   3
k 
 2
= lim tan1  k  1  tan1 k 2  tan1 1  tan1 0  =   0 
2 2 4 4

 32 
Also tan – 1 2 + tan – 1 3 =  + tan – 1  .
 1  3.2 

3 3
Since xy = 6 > 1 =
4
and sec 1  2  
4


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1 1
36. tan x = , –
2 2

1
If tan  = x = n±  n z
2


37. If – 1  x < 0, then –  sin–1x < 0. Also 0 < 2 cot–1 (y2 – 2y) < 2
2


 – < sin–1 x + 2 cot–1 (y2 – 2y) < 2
2

 there is no solution in this case.

thus x can not be negative ........(i)


Now if x  0, then 0  sin–1x 
2

3
  cot–1 (y2 – 2y) < 
4

 y2 – 2y  – 1

 y=1

3
since for y = 1, we have 2 cot–1 (y2 – 2y) = 2 cot–1 (–1) =
2


 sin–1 x = i.e. x=1
2

 the solution is x = 1, y = 1

PART - IV

1. Number of one-one functions = 0

2. Total number of function = 35 = 243

Number of into function = 3 + 3(25 – 2) = 93

total number of onto function = 243 – 93 = 150

3.  g(6) g(7)  g(8)

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g(6) g(7) g(8) No. of maps

1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5
2 2,3,4,5 4
3 3,4,5 3
4 4,5 2
5 5 1
2 2 2, 3, 4, 5 4
3 3,4,5 3
4 4,5 2
5 5 1

3 3,4,5 3
3
4,5 2
4
5 1
5

4 4 4,5 2
5 5 1

5 5 5 1

4.

5. Clearly  – x.

6. = tan – 1 (t), t = – x  [–1, 1]

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EXERCISE # 3
PART - I

1. f(x) = x2 ; g (x) = sin x  gof (x) = sin x2  gogof (x) = sin (sin x2)
 (fogogof) (x) = (sin (sin x2 ))2 = sin2 (sin x2)
Now sin2 (sin x2) = sin (sin x2)    sin (sin x2) = 0, 1

 sin x2 = n, (4n+1) ;  I  sin x2 = 0
2

 x2 = n      x =  n ; n  W

 sin    sin   df
2. tan1   = sin 
–1
  f() = tan  =1
 cos2   cos   dtan

3.

F : [0, 3]  [1, 29]

f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36 x + 1

f(x) = 6x2 – 30 x + 36 = 6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 6(x – 2) (x – 3)

in given domain function has local maxima, it is many-one

Now at x = 0 f(0) = 1

x=2 f(2) = 16 – 60 + 72 + 1 = 29

x=3 f(3) = 54 – 135 + 108 + 1 = 163 – 135 = 28

Has range = [1, 29]

Hence given function is onto

1 1 2 2
4*. cos4 =  2cos22 – 1 =  cos22 =  cos2 = 
3 3 3 3

2 1  cos 2 1  1 3
Now f(cos4) = 2
= =1+ f  = 1±
2 – sec  cos 2 cos 2 3 2

23
–1
5. cot  cot
n1
1  2  4  6  ......  2n   cot cot–1(1 + n(n + 1))

23
n  1 – n
cot  tan–1
1  n(n  1)
 cot   tan
n1
–1
(n  1) – tan–1 n 
 24 – 1   25  25
cot(tan–124 – tan–11)  cot  tan –1  cot  cot –1 
 1  24   23  23

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1/ 2
 2 
 cos(tan1 y)  y sin(tan1 y) 
6. (P)  1    y 4
 y2 1 1  
  cot(sin y)  tan(sin y)  

1/ 2
 2 
 
  1 y.y   
  
  1  y2 1  y 2  
 1    y4 
=  2 
 
y
2
 1  y y 
 
  y 2  
  1 y   
 

y 1

1/ 2
 1  1 - y2
=  2 .y2 (1  y 4 )  y 4  = 1
y 
 
Ans. 4
(Q) cos x + cos y = – cos z
sin x + sin y = – sin z square and add
2 + 2 cos (x – y) = 1
 cos (x – y) = –1/2
xy xy
 2cos2   – 1 = –1/2,  cos   = 1/2
 2   2 

    
(R) cos 2x  cos   x   cos   x   + 2 sin2 x = 2 sin x cos x
  4   4 

cos 2x (sin x) + 2 sin2 x = 2 sin x cos x  2 sin x [cos 2x + 2 sin x – 2 cos x] = 0

Either sin x = 0 OR cos2x – sin2 x = (cos x – sin x)

sec x  1 OR cos x = sin x  sec x  2

(S) cot (sin–1 ) = sin (tan–1(x 6 ))

1 1 + 6x 2
1 - x2 x 6

x 1
x x 6
=  1 + 6x2 = 6 – 6x2  12x2 = 5
2 2
1 x 1  6x
5 1 5
x= 
12 2 3

7. (i) f(–x) = –f(x) so it is odd function

1
(ii) f'(x) = 3(log(secx + tanx))2 (secx tanx + sec2x) > 0
 sec x  tan x 
   
(iii) Range of f(x) is R as f     –  f    
 2 2
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10  x x
8. f(x) = (sin–1) x  [0, 4] & f(x) = =1–
10 10

(0,1)
2 (10,0) 4

so, 3 solution.
6 6 4 4
9.  = 3sin–1 > 3sin–1 and  = 3cos–1 > 3cos–1
11 12 9 8
 3
 > & >  +>
2 2
  
 x
i
  
 x
i  
sin–1 
–1
10.  xi1  x  
 2   = – cos      (  x)i 
 i 1 i1  2  i  1  2  i1


 x   x
 x2    2 2
 x 2 = x   2 x  x  x  x
 
 1  x x 1 x x 1 x 2  x 1 x 2  x
1   1
 2 2
x2 x x2 x
  
1 x 1 x 2  x 2  x

x(1  x)  (1  x) 2x  x 2  2  x
= or x = 0
1  x2 4  x2

x2  2x  1 x2  3x  2
2
 2
x3 + 2x2 + 5x – 2 = 0
1 x 4x

Let f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 5x – 2

f '(x) > 0

 1
f(0) = –2 and f(1/2) = 9/8 so one root in  0,  2 roots
 2

11. n(X) = 5
n(Y) = 7
  Number of one-one function X to Y = 7C5 × 5! = 21 × 120 = 2520
  Number of onto function Y to X

a1 b1
a2 b2
. .
. .
. .
a7 b5
1, 1, 1, 1, 3 1, 1, 1, 2, 2
7! 7!
× 5! + 3
× 5! = (7C3 + 3 . 7C3) 5! = 4 × 7C3 × 5!
3! 4! (2!) 3!

= 4 × 7C3 – 7C5 = 4 × 35 – 21 = 119
5!
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x
12. E1 : >0  x  (–, 0)  (1, )
x 1
 x  1 x 1 1
E2 : –1  n  1    e   1 e
 x  1 e x 1 e x 1
1 1  e   1 
1  e 1  (x – 1)   ,   , 
e x 1  1  e   e  1 
 1   e 
x   ,   , 
 e  1  e  1 
x  x 
Now  (0, ) – {1}  x  E1  n   (–, ) – {0}
x 1  x  1
  x    
sin–1  n      ,  – {0}
  x  1   2 2

–1
 1 10  7 k    7  
13. Evaluate sec  
 4 k 0
sec  
 12 12 
 sec 
 12
 (k  1) 
2 

 1 10  7  k   7  k  
Given exp = sec 1  
sec    cos ec  
 4 k 0  12 12   12 2 
   
 1 10 2   1 10 1   10 1 
1 
= sec   1
 = sec   1
 = sec   k 1 
= sec–1 (1) = 0
 4 k 0  7   2 k 1  (  1)
 sin  k   k  0 ( 1) sin   k 0 
  6   6 

PART - II
1. (x, x)  R for w = 1
 R is reflexive
If x  0, then (0, x)  R for w = 0 but (x, 0)  R for any w
 R is not symmetric R is not equivalence relation
m p m p
 ,   S  qm = pn  =
 n q n q
m m m m
(i) =   ,  S  Reflexive
n n n n
m p p m
(ii) =  =  symmetric
n q q n
m p p x m x
(iii) = and =  =  transitive  S is equivalence relation
n q q y n y
2. Statement - 1 :
(i) x – x is an integer  x  R so A is reflexive relation.
(ii) y – x   x – y  so A is symmetric relation.
(iii) y – x  and z – y   y – x + z – y 
 z – x  so A is transitive relation.
Therefore A is equivalence relation.
Statement - 2 :
(i) x = x when  = 1  B is reflexive relation
(ii) for x = 0 and y = 2, we have 0 = (2) for  = 0
But 2 = (0) for no 
so B is not symmetric so not equivalence.
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3. for reflexive : (A, A)  R A = P–1 A P

which is true for P = I

 reflexive

for symmetry: As (A, B) R for matrix P

A = P–1 BP  PA = PP–1 BP  PAP–1 = IBPP–1

 PAP–1 = IBI  PAP–1 = B   B = PAP–1
 (B, A)R for matrix P–1  
 R is symmetric
for transitivity
A = P–1 BP and B = P–1CP  A = P–1 (P–1 CP)P
 A = (P–1)2 CP2
 A = (P2)–1 C(P2)
 (A, C) R for matrix P2
 R is transitive
so R is equivalence

1
4. f(x) =   |x|–x>0  |x|>x  x< 0
| x | x
 x  (– , 0) Ans.

5. f(x) = (x – 1)2 + 1, x  1

f : [1, )  [1, ) is a bijective function  y = (x – 1)2 + 1  (x – 1)2 = y – 1 x = 1 ± y – 1  f –1(y)

=1± y – 1  f –1(x) = 1 + x – 1 { x  1} so statement-2 is correct

Now f(x) = f –1(x)  f(x) = x  (x – 1)2 + 1 = x  x2 – 3x + 2 = 0  x = 1, 2 so statement-1 is correct

 2y   xz 
6. 2y = x + z 2 tan–1 y = tan–1 x + tan–1 (z) tan–1   = tan–1  
 1– y2  1– xz 
 

xz xz
 2
= y2 = xz or x + z = 0 x = y = z
1– y 1– xz

1
7. If f(x) & g(x) are inverse of each other then, g'(f(x)) = ; g'(f(x)) = 1 + x5
f '(x)
Here x = g(y)  g'(y) = 1 + [g(y)]5 g'(x) = 1 + {g(x)}5

1 1
8. <x< x = tan 
3 3

 
<< tan–1y =  + tan–1 tan 2=  + 2 = 3
6 6

3 tan   tan3  3x  x3
y = tan 3 = y= .
1  3 tan2  1  3x 2
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 1
9. f(x) + 2f   = 3x
x
S : f(x) = f(–x)
 1
f(x) + 2f   = 3x .....(1)
x

 1 3
x  f   + 2f(x) = .....(2)
x x
6
2
(1) – 2 × (2) –3f(x) = 3x – x f(x) = – x
x
Now f(x) = f(–x)
4
2 2
 –x= +x x= 2x
x x
2
= x x = ± 2
x
Exactly two elements

10. – 1< a –5 > 1

4<a<6
4<b<6
B
A

4 6

A 

a  6 2  b  5 2  1 It passes through (4, 6) 

16  9  36 25  36
 0
32 22 36 36

 2   3    3
11. cos–1    cos1   x  
3x
   4x  2  4

 2 3 4 9  
cos–1 
 3x  4x  1  9x 2 1  16x2   2
 

1 9x 2  4 16x 2  9
 =  6= 9x 2  4 16x2  9
2x 2 12x 2
4 2 2
square both side 36 = 144x – 81x – 64x + 36
4 2
 144x = 145x

145x 2 145
 x4 =  x=± , 0
144 12

3 145
 x> hence x =
4 12

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12. f 2 (Jo(f 1(x))) = f 3(x)

 1 – J (f1(x)) = f 3 (x)
 1 1
 1 – J  =
x
  1 x
 1 1 x
 J  = 1 – =–
x 1 x 1 x
1
1
  J(x) = x =
1 1 x
1
x
 J(x) = f 3 (x)

19
1
 n  1 n  –1 –1 1 1 21
13. cot  tan   = cot (tan 20 – tan 1) = = 
n1  1  n  n  1  
tan tan 20  tan1 1
1
 20  1 19
1   20  .1
19   n  19
 cot 11    = cot 1
Aliter : cot    
2p
   cot (1  2)(2  3  4....n)]
n  1  p 1   n 1

19 19
= cot  (cot 1(1  n(n  1)) = cot  (cot 1
(n 2  n  1)
n 1 n 1

14. k = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}

f(k) can take values from set {3, 6, 9, 12,15,18} this can be done is 6 C5  5 ! ways. = 6! ways
and options for remaining 15 elements of A = 15!

15. 
A = 2( x 2)(x
2
5 x  6)

 1;x   ; B = {–3 < 2x – 1 < 9 ; x }

A = {–2, 2, 3}; B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

n(A × B) = 15
Number of subsets = 215

 1 x 
16. f(x) = n  
 1 x 
 2x 
 1   2   2
 2x  1 x2  = n  1  x  2x  = n   1  x   = 2n  1  x  = 2f(x)
f  = n   1  x 2  2x 
2
 1 x   2x    1 x    1 x 
 1     
 1 x2 
4
17. tan =
3
4 1
–
1 9 9
tan =  tan ( – ) = 3 3 =  sin( – ) =
3 4 1 13 5 10
1 
3 3
 9 
– = sin–1  
 5 10 

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2
  3 cos x  sin x  
18. 2y =  cot –1 
  cos x – 3 sin x  
  
2
  3  tan x  
2y =  cot –1 
  1 – 3 tan x  
  
2
    
2y =  cot –1 tan   x   
  3  
2 2
       
2y =  – tan –1 tan   x    =  –   x  
2 3    2  3 
  
2
 
2y =  x – 
 6
 2
2y = x2 – x+
3 36

y = x –
6

 a x  a x   ax  ax  1 1 1 
19. f 1(x) =   f 2(x) =   so f 1(x + y) + f 1(x – y) = a x  y   a xy  xy 
 2   2  2 x  y
    a a 
1 x y 1 ax ay  1 x
= a .a  x y  y  x  = (a + a–x) (ay + a–y) = 2f 1(x) f 1(y)
2  a .a a a  2

8 2 x – 8 –2 x 1  y 82 x 1 y
20. y 2x – 2x 1 – y
 – 2x
8 4x 
8 8 8 1– y

 1 y  1  1  y  –1 1  1 x 
4 x  log8   x  log8   f ( x)  log8  
 1 – y  4  1 – y  4  1– x 

 x
 2 ; x  (1,2)
21. f(x)  x  1
2x
 ; x  [2,3)
 x 2  1
 f(x) is a decreasing function
 2 1  6 4
 y  ,    , 
 5 2   10 5 
 2 1  3 4
 y  ,    , 
5 2  5 5
     x 
 1 – cos  x    2 sin 2    
–1 –1  1  sin x  –1   2   = tan–1   4 2  
22. f'(x) = tan (secx + tanx) = tan   = tan 
 cos x       x  x
 sin  x    2 sin   cos   
 2     4 2  4 2

–1    x   x  x  x2  x2
= tan  tan    =  (f'(x))dx =  dx f(x) = x + + c f(0) = c = 0  f(x) = x 
  4 2  4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4
 1
So f(1) =
4
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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

1. Case-1 When x 
{–x} = 0  x = 3x  x=0
Case-2 When x  
{–x} = 1 – {x}
[x] + 2 – 2{x} = 3[x] + 3 {x}
2 – 2 [x] 3
{x} =  [0, 1)  0  2 – 2 [x] < 5 – < [x]  1  [x] = – 1, 0, 1
5 2
for [x] = – 1
4 1
{x} =  x=– 
5 5
for [x] = 0
2 2
{x} =  x= 
5 5
for [x] = 1 {x} = 0
x = 1  , so regect

2. 2x + 3 [x] – 4 {–x} = 4
 2x + 3 [x] – 4 (–x – [–x]) = 4  2x + 3 [x] + 4x + 4 [–x] = 4
Case-I : If x  2x + 3x + 4x – 4x = 4
4
 5x = 4  x 
5
Case-II : If x  [–x] = – [x] – 1
 2x + 3 [x] + 4x – 4 [x] – 4 = 4  6x – [x] = 8
 6x = [x] + 8 ........(i)
8  5[x]
 6[x] + 6{x} = [x] + 8  6{x} = 8 – 5 [x] {x} =
6
8  5[x]
 0 <1  0  8 – 5[x]  6
6
2 8
 – 8  – 5 [x] < –2  < [x] <  [x] = 1
5 5
3
by (i) 6x = 9 x=
2

1
3. Case-I x 
2
– 2x + 1 = 3 [x] + 2{x}
1
x=
4
1
Case-II x>
2
2x – 1 = 3[x] + 2{x}
 2[x] + 2{x} – 1 = 3 [x] + 2 {x}
[x] = – 1
 x 

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4. [x] = – x2 + 4x – 3 = – (x – 1) (x – 3)

No solution
 1  1
5. Product of  x    x   is prime when one of them is 1 or –1 and other is prime or negative of
 2  2
prime

Case 1 :
 1 1 3 5
So,  x    1  1  x   2  x  ,
 2 2 2 2
1  1 
Now 2  x   3  x    2
2  2 
Case 2 :
 1 1 3 1
 x  2   1   1  x  2  0  2  x  2 ,
 
1  1 
Now 2  x   1   x    2 
2  2 
  3 1  3 5 
Other cases will not give any result Solution is  ,    , 
 2 2  2 2 
6. [x]2 + (x)2 < 4
if x , then [x] = (x) = x
 x2 < 2 i.e. – 2 <x< 2 i.e. x = – 1, 0, 1
if x , then (x) = 1 + [x]
 [x]2 + (1 + [x])2 < 4
i.e. 2[x]2 + 2 [x] – 3 < 0
–2 – 28 2  28 1  7 1  7
i.e. < [x] < i.e. < [x] <
4 4 2 2
i.e. [x] = –1, 0
 Solution set is [–1, 1]  +µ=0

x  x 
7.  9  =  11
   
99x 11x = 9n
x x  x x
–   = – 
9 9
  11  11
2x x  x
=   –    (–1, 1)
99 9
   11
 99 99   99 
x  ,  x   0,
 2 2   2 
Here x  {1, 2, 3, ..... 8}  {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, ..... 17}  {22, 23, ....., 26}  {33, 34, 35}  {44}
total positive integers = 24

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 x   15 
8. f(x) =    x 
 15   
 15 
If x  15, then    = – 1
 x
 x  x
 f(x) = –   so x  [15, 90)  [1, 6)
15
  15
 x 
 f(x) = – 1, – 2, –3, –4, –5 and if x  (0, 15), then   = 0
 15 
 f(x) = 0
Hence f(x)  {–5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0}

3   4
9. x+x = 5
   
x  0
3  3 1 3 4
(i)  x  = 5  x  [5, 6] x   2 , 5  But  x   0
     

4 4
(ii) x = 1   [1, 2)  x  (2, 4]  x=
  x
3  3  3 3
x = 4  x
 [4, 5)   , 
   5 4

4 4 1 3 
(iii) x = 3   [3, 4)    , 1 
  x x 4 
1 3   4
      , 1  x   1, 
x 4   3
3  3 1 2 
x= 2  x
 [2, 3) 
x
  , 1 
  3 
1 3   4
      , 1  x   1,  a = 1, b = 4, c = 3
x 4   3
19 29 97
10. , ,
6 12 24

Case -1 x = 
1 1 1
  + =
 2 3
3 1
= I = not possible
2 3
 1
Case -2 x =  + f; f   0, 
 2
1 1 1
+ =f+
 2 3
3 1
=f+
2 3
9
=
2(3f  1)

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 1
 f   0,  2(3f + 1)  (2, 5)
 2
9 9
   ,   = 2, 3, 4
5 2
=2;=3;=4
5 1 1
f= ;f= ;f=
12 6 24
29 19 97
 x= ;x= ;x=
12 6 24
1  1 1 1 3  1 3f  1
Case-3 x =  + f ; f   , 1 + =f+ =
2   2  1 3 (2  1) 3

11. {x + 1} > x2 – 2x
{x} > x2 – 2x
in x  (–1, 0)
{x} = x + 1
 x + 1 > x2 – 2x
2
 3 13 3 13 3 13 
x2 – 3x – 1 < 0  x   – < 0  x   ,  
 2  4 2 2 2 2 

 3  13 
Hence x   , 2  – {0}
 2 
 

12. 4x, 5[x], 6{x} are sides of a triangle

 x > 0,[x] > 0

 x1
x  hence x > ?
Case-1 4x + 5[x] > 6{x} Case-2 [x] + 6{x} > 4x Case-3 4x + 6{x} > 5[x]
9x > 11{x} 5x + {x} > 4x 11{x} > x
9 x
{x} < x for x > 1 {x} >
11 11
 11   22   33   44   55   99 
x   , 2  , 3   , 4   , 5    , 6   .......   , 10 
 10   10   10   10   10   10 

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13. Case-I x( 2 , 3 )  = x2 – 2  x3 – 2x –1 = 0

one root lies between 2 to 3 because f( 2 ) = – 1 = negative & f( 3 ) = 3 –1 = positive

–2
–1
14.

x(–,– 3 ]  [1,)


15. [2x] = |x – 1| + |x – 3|
 1
case-I x 0,  0 = 4 – 2x  x = 2(rejected)
 2
1  3
case-II x  ,1 1 = 4 – 2x  x= (rejected)
2  2
 3  3
case-III x 1,  2 = (x – 1) + (3 – x)  x  1, 
 2  2
3 
case-IV x  ,2  3 = (x – 1) + (3 – x)  2 = 3 no solution
2 
case-V x2 [2x] = (x – 1) + (x – 3)
 2x – 4 = [2x] > 2x – 1, hence no solution for x  2
 3 3
Hence set A is 1,   =
 2 2

2|x – 1| =
  
 x   x   1 2  x   1
+ [x]2 {x}
6
case-I x[0, 1) 2(1 – x) = 0  x = 1(rejected)
case-II x[1, 2) 2x – 2 = (x – 1)  x=1
2.1.3
case-III x[2, 3) 2x – 2 = + 4(x – 2)
6
5
 2x – 2 = 1 + 4x – 8  x=
2
case-IV x 3
Now LHS is a linear expression whose slope is 2. RHS consists of segement spanning unit length
along x whose slope is greater than or equal to 9. Morever at x = 3 LHS = 4 and RHS = 5, hence no
solution for x  3 as LHS < RHS in this interval.
 5
Hence set B is 1,  , so  = 1
 2
7
So A  B = {1}, sum of elements of B =
2

 4  3x x 1

3  3 1
|2x – 3| + |x – 1| =  2  x 1  x   M = 2   =
 2  2  2

3x  4 3
x
 2

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Graphical Solution :

 3
Hence A = 1, 
 2

 5
Hence B = 1, 
 2

16. Case -I x (–,0)

x2  5x  6 (x  1)(x  6)
 0  0
x  1 x 1
 x (–,–1]  (1,6]  x (–,–1]

Case- II : x = 0 (which is sol)

Case- III : x (0,1)

x2  5x  6 (x  2)(x  3)
  0  0
x  1 x 1
 x (–,1)  [2,3]  x (0, 1)

Case- IV : x = 1 (which is sol)

Case- V : x (1,)
x2  5x  6 (x  2)(x  3)
 0  0
x 1 x 1
 x (–1,2] [3,)
 x  (1,2]  [3,)
From all cases we get x (–,–1] [3,)

 2x 1   2x  1 
17. f(x) =  log  log  . For domain : log x  4  log2 3  x   0
x4 2 3 x   
  2
2
x4
Case-I 0 < < 1   –4<x<–2 ..........A
2
 2x  1  2x  1
then log x  4  log2  0  log2 1
2 
3  x  3x

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2x  1
  2   x < –3 ..........B
3x
 on A  B x  (–4, –3) ..........(i)
x4
Case-II >1 or x > –2 ..........A
2
 2x  1  2x  1 2x  1
log x  4  log2  0  0 < log2  1 1 <  2
2 
3  x  3x 3x
 x  (4, ) ..........(ii)
 (i)  (ii) Domain x  (– 4, – 3)  (4, )
18. f(x) = (x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1)–1/2
Dr : x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1 > 0
For x  0 it is obvious that for f(x) to be defined Dr > 0.
For x  1, (x12 – x9) + (x4 – x) + 1 is positive
Since x12  x9, x4  x. For 0 < x < 1, Dr = x12 + (x4 – x9) + (1 – x) > 0
Since x4 > x9, x < 1. Hence Dr > 0 for all x  R
Domain is x  R

19. f(a) = 2a2  a for domain of f(x); 2a2 – a  0  a(2a – 1)  0

1 
 a  (–, 0]   ,   . Let g(x)  x2 + (a + 1)x + (a – 1) = 0
2 
(i) D0
(a + 1)2 – 4(a – 1)  0  aR ...(i)
B (a  1)
(ii) –2 < – <1   –2<– <1 
2A 2
   a  3, 3  ....(ii)

(iii) g(– 2) > 0  4 – 2(a + 1) + (a – 1) > 0  a<1

(iv) g(1) > 0  1+a+1+a–1>0  a > –1/2

 1  1 
Now (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) we get Ans. : a   , 0    , 1
 2  2 

1
20. f(x) =
x 
 1 cos 1
(2 x  1) tan 3 x

here – 1  2x + 1 < 1  – 2  2x < 0  –1x<0  x  [–1, 0)

But x  – 1 as |x| – 1  0
 x  (–1, 0)
for x  (–1, 0), (|x| – 1) is –ve
 tan 3x < 0
   
0 > 3x > – or x   , 0 
2  6 

     
Domain :   , 0   (–1, 0)   6, 0
 6   
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21. (i) log1/ 3 log4 ([x]2  5)

Domain
(i) log1/3 log4 ([x]2 – 5)  0 or log4 ([x]2 – 5)  1
or [x]2  9 or x  [–3, 4) .........(i)
(ii) log4 ([x]2 – 5) > 0
or [x]2 – 5 > 1
or x  (–, –2)  [ 3, ) .........(ii)

(iii) [x]2 – 5 > 0

x  (–, –2)  [ 3, ) .........(iii)
Now (i)  (ii)  (iii)
 x  [–3, 2)  [ 3, 4)
1
(ii) f(x) =
[| x  1|]  [| 12  x |]  11
Case- x > 12
1 1
f(x) =  f(x) =
[x]  1  [x]  12  11 2([x]  12)
Now for f(x) to be defined [x]  12  x  [12, 13) but x > 12

Case-1  x  12
 1
1  [x]  ( 1  [x]) if x  I
f(x) = =  x  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
[x]  1  12  [ x]  11 
 not defined if x  I
Case-x < 1
 1
1  2(1  [x]) if x  I
f(x) = f(x) =  x  (0,1)  x < 1
1  [  x]  [  x]  12  11  1
 if x  I
 2[x]
x2  2 x  3
log(0.5  x )
(iii) f(x) =  x  0.5  4 x2  4 x  3

x + 0.5 > 0, x + 0.5  1  x  (–0.5, ) & x  0.5 .....(A)

2
x  2x  3 (x  3)(x  1)
& 2
>0 or >0
4x  4x  3 (2x  3)(2x  1)
 1  3 
or x  (–  , –3)    ,1   ,   .....(B)
 2  2 
 1   3  1
(A)  (B)  Domain of f(x) : x    ,1   ,   –  
 2   2  2 

5 1 x2 (7 x  1) !
(iv) f(x) =  3sin +
 x  1 x 1
 2 

 x  1
 2   0   x  [1, 3)
 
& x  [–1, 1]
& x+1>0  x  (–1,  )
& 7x + 1  w
 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
 Domain  ,0, , , , , , 
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2 4
(v) 3y = 24x –1 – 2 x > 0
4x2 – 1 > x4  (x2)2 – 4x2 + 1 < 0
(x2 – 2)2 + 1 – 4 < 0 2 – 3 < |x| < 2 3


x  – 2  3 ,– 2 – 3    2 – 3, 2  3 
 – 3 – 1 – 3  1  3 – 1 3  1
x  ,  , 
 2 2   2 2 

 1  1
22. f(x) = sin–1  x2   + cos–1  x2  
 2   2 
 1  5 5
Domain : –1   x2    1  x   ,
 2  2 2 
 
 1  3 3
and – 1   x2    1  x   ,
 2   2 2 
 
 3 3  3
 domain is x   , or x2  0, 
 2 2   2
 
 1
if (i) x2  0,  , then f(x) = 
 2
1 
if (ii) x2   ,1 , then f(x) = 
2 
 3
if (iii) x2  1,  , then f(x) =    range = {}
 2
1 1
23. f(x) = + 1 – {x} – 1 = + {– x} – 1  2 – 1 (Using A.M.  G.M.) (A.M.  G.M.)
2{–x} 2{–x}
Range of f(x) is [ 2 – 1, )
3x
1–
2
24. f(x) =
x  1 – 3x
= x 2  1 Let g(x) = x
and h(x) =
1– 3x
. Thus f(x) = h(g(x))
2
x 1 x x 2
x 1 1 x
1
x2  1
1 (2x)
x2  1 – x
2 x2  1 1 (1  x)(–3) – (1– 3x)(1) –4
Now, g(x) = = > 0 and h(x) = = <0
x 1 2
(x 2  1)3 / 2 (1  x)2 (1  x)2
and f(x) = h(g(x)) g(x) < 0
1
2 1 2 – 3
x  1 – 3x x
 minimum f(x) = lim f(x) = lim = lim =–1
x  x  2 x  1
x 1 x 1 2  1
x
1
2 | x | 1 – 3x
 maximum h(x) = lim f(x) = lim
x  1 – 3x
= lim x2
x  x 
x2  1  x x –  1
| x | 1 2  x
x
1
– 1 –3
= lim x2 =   Range of f(x) = (– 1, )
x –  1
– 1 2  1
x

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25. (i) g(x) > 0 |sinx | + sinx > 0  0 < x <  ................(A)

(ii) 0 < h(x) <1 or h(x) > 1

 3
(a) 0 < sinx + cosx < 1  x ................(B)
2 4

(b) sinx + cosx >1  0  x   ..................(C)
2
(iii) logh(x) g(x) 0
since h(x) > 1, g(x)  1
1  5
i.e. |sinx| + sinx  1 sinx  , ( sinx > 0)  x ................(D)
2 6 6
  
From (C) and (D) x   , 
6 2 
(b) 0 < h(x) < 1 then 0 < g(x)  1
1
0 < |sinx| + sinx  1   0  sin x  
2
 5
   i.e. 0  x  &  x   ............... (E)
6 6
  
From B & E x   so final domain is  , 
6 2 

26. (i) For domain (i) [x] > 0 and [x]  1

so [x]  2, so x  [2, )
|x|
for range if x  [2, ), then =1
x

so f(x) = cos–10 =
2

Range of f(x) =  
2 

(ii) f(x) = log1/ 2 log2 [x 2  4x  5]

D : 0 < log2 [x2 + 4x + 5]  1

or 1 < [x2 + 4x + 5]  2
 [x2 + 4x + 5] = 2
or 2  x2 + 4x + 5 < 3
D : x  (–2 – 2 , – 3]  [–1, –2 + 2)
R : {0}
  x2   x2  1 x2
(iii) f(x) = sin–1 log2     –1  log2   < 2   <4
  2  2 2 2
    

  
 x  (– 8 , –1]  [1, 8 ) and R :   , 0, 
 2 2 

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(iv) f(x) = log[x – 1] sinx

sin x > 0     x  (2n,(2n+1))
here [x – 1] > 0 & [x – 1]  1  x  [3,  )

 
Domain x  [3, )     2n, (2n  1)    .
 n 1 
For range sin x  (0, 1] and [x – 1]  [2, ) so range  (–, 0]
1
(v) f(x) = tan–1 [x]  [  x]  2 | x | +
x2
Domain : (i) [x] + [–x]  0  x
(ii) 2–|x|0  |x|  2  x  [–2, 2]
(iii) x0
For domain (i) (ii) (iii)
Domain : {–2, –1, 1, 2}
1 
Range :  , 2
4 

sin2 x  4 sin x  4 1 1 1
27. y=  = +
2
2 sin x  8 sin x  8 2
2 sin x  8 sin x  8 2 2(sin x  2)2

1 1 1 1 5
ymax = + =1 ; ymin = + = 
2 2(–1  2)2 2 2(1  2)2
9

5 
 range =  ,1
9 
28. f (x) = log 2 [3x – 3[x] ] = log 2 [3{x}]
period 1.
so 0  {x} < 1
0  3{x} < 3  [3{x}] = 0, 1, 2
so range {log 2 1, log 2 2} = {0, 1}.
29. As g(x) is periodic with period 2 so f(g(x)) is periodic with period 2.

x  x
Now g(x) = sin x + g   = sin  x + 8 · 0  x < 2
2  2

g(x) = sin x + 4x ; 0  x < 2  g'(x) =  cos  x + 4 .

so g(0) = 0 and g(2–) = 8 so, g(x)  [0, 8)

 1 1  1 
so range of f(g(x)) is  ,    , 1 .
 1  64 1  64 
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x
tan 
4  (1  2[x]) 
30. Period of e is 4  cos  = 0 xR
 2 
  [x] 
Period of sin   is 4 
 2 
  Period of f(x) is 4. For periodic function f(x) range can be calculated for x  [0, 4]
x  1 x 5 3 
If x [0, 1) ; f(x) = , f(x) 0,   ; If x [1, 2) ; f(x) = + 1 , f(x)  ,  
4  4 4 4 2 
x 2 3  x  1 
If x [2, 3) ; f(x) = , f(x)  ,  ; If x [3, 4) ; f(x) = – 1, f(x)  – ,0 
4 4 4  4  4 
 1 1 2 3  5 3 
 Range   – ,    ,    , 
 4 4  4 4  4 2 

 x 
31. sin [x] + cos + cos [x] period is LCM of 8, 4 and 6 = 24
4 2 3
x
32. After simplification g(x) = g(2) = 2
x 1

33. f(x) + 5  f(x + 5)  f(x + 4) + 1  f(x + 3) + 2  f(x + 2) + 3  f(x + 1) + 4  f(x) + 5

 In all steps there is equality only  f(x + 1) = f(x) + 1
Now f(1) = 1  f(2) = 2
f(3) = 3
f(4) = 4
f(2016) = 2016  g(2016) = 2016 + 1 – 2016 = 1

34. [x] [y] = x + y

x
(i) if x, y   then xy = x + y or y=  (x, y) is (0, 0), (2, 2)
x 1
(ii) if x, y  I
Let x = I1 + f1 and y = I2 + f2 then I1 + I2 + f1 + f 2 = I1I2
 f1 + f2  I
0 < f1 + f 2 < 2   f 1 + f 2 = 1.
I2  1 2
I1 + I2 + 1 = I1I2  I1 =  1 .
I2  1 I2  1
I2 – 1 = ± 1, ± 2, I2 = 2, 0, 3, – 1
 I1 = 3, –1, 2, 0  I1 I2 = 6, 0
x + y = I1I2  x + y = 0 or x + y = 6
35. (i) f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C  x   and f(x)  
at x = 0, f(0) = C   C is integer at x = 1, f(1) = A + B + C
  C is integer  A + B is also integer
at x = –1, f(–1) = A – B + C  f(1) + f(–1) = 2A + 2C
  C is integer  2A is also integer
x(x  1)
(ii) f(x) = A x(x – 1) + (A + B) x + C  f(x) = 2A + (A + B)x + C
2
x(x  1) x(x  1)
If x is an integer then is also an integer and 2A, (A+ B), C  
2 2
  f(x) is also an integer.
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36. For option A

f–1 (f(A)) = A  A  A Hence A is wrong

For option B

f(X) = Y f is onto but it will not effect on mapping of function. Hence B is wrong
For option A & B other explaination can be given else if Y is a singleton set then the function f is
constant function and hence is trivially onto (unless X = ). But in such a case, even if A consists of just
one point, f(A) is entire set Y and so f–1(f(A)) is the entire set X, which could be much bigger than A. So
A and B are wrong even if f(X) = Y
For option C

f(X)  Y (range  co-domain)

f(X) is a proper subset of Y (so that f is not onto), then for B = Y option C is wrong because f –1(Y) = X
but f(f–1(Y)) = f(X)  Y.
For option D

If B = Y, then f(f–1(Y)) is the range of the function f. If this is equal to Y, then function must be onto, thus
f(X) = Y is necessary condition. Hence D is correct
 x2  k  1 x2  k
37. For g(x) to be surjective x  R  0 < cos–1   < /3  < <1
 1  x2  2 x2  1
 
x2 + 1 > 0  x  R
1 2
(x + 1) < x2 – k < x2 + 1 ....(1)
2
From Eq. (1), taking RHS
x 2 – k < x2 + 1   k > –1
From Eq. (1), taking LHS
x2 + 1 < 2x2 – 2k  x2 > 2k + 1  xR
1  1
2k + 1 < 0  k<   k   1,  
2  2
38. Equation (1) is cosx = x equation (2) is cos(sinx) = x and equation (3) is cosx = sin–1x is
Since sinx  x  cos(sinx)  cosx now drawing the graphs of the functions we see that  < < 

/2

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39. Given f(x) = log2log3log4log5(sinx + a2)

f(x) is defined only if log3log4log5(sinx + a2) > 0,  x  R
log4log5(sinx + a2) > 1,  x  R  log5(sinx + a2) > 4,  x  R
 (sinx + a2) > 54,  x  R  a2 > 625 – sinx,  x  R
a must be greater than maximum value of 625 – sinx which is 626 (when sinx = –1)
2

a2 > 626  a (,  626 )  ( 626, )

40. (i) Let cos–1 x = , then x = cos and 0        

 
  if 0    1
2  cos x if 0  x 1
  sin–1 1  x 2 = sin–1 (sin ) =  =
 1
   if        cos x if 1  x  0
 2
 cos–1 x = sin–1 1  x 2 if 0 < x < 1 is true.

 
(ii) Let sin–1 x = , then x = sin  and – 
2 2
 
 ,  2    0  sin1 x , 1  x  0
 cos–1 1  x 2 = cos–1 (cos ) =  = 
1
 , 0   sin x , 0  x  1
 2
 sin–1 x = cos–1 1  x 2 if 0 < x < 1 is true

(iii) Let cos–1 x = , then x = cos  and 0 

 
2   , 0 1
1 x  2  cos x , 0  x 1
 tan–1 = tan–1 (tan ) =  =
x 1
   ,        cos x , 1  x  0
 2
1  x2
i.e cos–1 x =  + tan–1 , –1 < x < 0 is correct.
x

    
41. Let cosec–1 x = , then x = cosec and    – , 0    0, 
 2   2 
 2 
 – cos ec  – 1 if –
2
0 – x 2 – 1
 if x  –1
 cot (cosec–1x) = cot  =  = 
 cosec 2  – 1   x2 – 1 if x  1
if 0   
 2

 
42. (i) Let sin–1x = . Then x = sin  and – 
2 2
  cos  = 1– sin2  = 1– x 2
 
 –  if –
2
0  – sin–1 x if – 1  x  0
 cos–1 1– x 2 = cos–1 (cos ) =  = 
 –1
  if 0     sin x if 0  x  1
 2

 – cos–1 1– x 2 if – 1  x  0

 sin–1x = 
 cos–1 1– x2 if 0  x  1

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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

   
(ii) Let sin–1x =  . Then x = sin  and –  {Note :   –  because x  ± 1 }
2 2 2 2
sin  x x
  tan  = =  tan–1 = tan–1 (tan ) =  = sin–1x
cos  1– x 2
1– x 2
x
Thus sin–1x = tan–1 , for all x  (–1, 1)
1– x 2
 
(iii) Let sin–1x = . Then x = sin  and –    0 or 0    { Note :  because x  0 }
2 2
1– x2
 cot  =
x
 
   if – 0   sin–1 x
1– x2 2 if – 1  x  0
  cot–1 = cot–1 (cot ) =  = 
x  –1
  if 0     sin x if 0  x  1
 2
 1– x2
cot –1 – if – 1  x  0
 x

Thus sin–1x = 
 2 if 0  x  1
 –1 1– x
 cot
x
43. Case   y = x x<1
x=y y<1
f–1(x) = x x<1
Case  y = x2 1x4
x2 = y 1  y  16
x= y 1  y  16
f–1(x) = x 1  x  16
Case y = 8 x x>4
y2
x= y > 16
64
x2
f–1(x) = x > 16
64

x2 y2 x2 y2
44. –1  +  1 represents interior and the boundary of the ellipse + = 1 .........(i)
4 9 4 9
x y
Also – 1   – 2 1
2 2 3 2
x y x y
i.e. +  1 and + 3
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
x y
+  1 represents the portion of xy plane
2 2 3 2
 3  x2 y 2
which contains only one point viz :  2,  of  <1
 2 4 9
 x2 y 2   x y   1 1 1 1 
 sin–1    + cos–1   – 2  = sin–1    + cos–1   – 2 
 4 9  2 2 3 2   2 2   2 2 
 
 3
= sin–1 1 + cos–1 (– 1) = +=
2 2

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 1 x   1 x2 
45.  = 2 tan–1     = sin–1  
 1 x   1  x2
 
 
put x = tan   x  1     
 4
 1  tan  
   = 2 tan–1  
 1  tan  
      3  3
  = 2 tan–1 tan      = 2       = 2    = 2 – ......(i)
 4  4   4  2
2
 1  tan      
 = 2 sin–1  2 
= sin–1 (cos 2) = sin–1  sin   2   = – 2 ......(ii)
 1  tan    2  2
by (i) and (ii)  +  = – 


46. Since – 1  x  1
 
 –  tan–1 x 
4 4
 [tan x] = – 1, 0
–1

When [tan–1x] = – 1, then {cos–1x} = 1 (not possible)

When [tan x] = 0, then {cos x} = 0
–1 –1

 cos–1x is integer
Since 0  cos–1x  
 cos–1x = 0, 1, 2, 3
x = cos 0, cos 1, cos 2, cos 3
but x  cos 2, cos 3
 the solution set is {1, cos 1}
 
47. If x < –1, then sec–1x > and tan–1x < – <0
2 4
 sec–1x > tan–1x for all x  – 1
 
If x  1, suppose tan–1x = , then   < and x = tan 
4 2
 sec = 1  tan2  = 1 x2

 sec–1 1  x 2 = sec–1 (sec ) =  = tan–1x

thus the inequality becomes sec–1x > sec–1 1  x 2

 x> 1 x2 i.e. x2 > 1 + x2 which is not possible
 {x : x  (–, –1)} is the solution set

x x –1 1 x 1 x –1
48. sin–1 – sin –1 = sin–1  sin–1 – sin–1 = sin–1
1 x x 1 1 x 1 x 1 x x 1

 x 1 1 x   x – 1
 sin–1  1– – 1–  = sin 
–1

 1  x 1 x 1 x 1  x   x  1
 x 1   x – 1
 sin–1  –  = sin–1   xR
 x  1 1 x   x  1
x x –1 1
But domain of sin–1 – sin –1 = sin–1 is x > 0
1 x x 1 1 x
Hence x > 0
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 Relations, Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 1 3x
49. (i) As y     cot–1y = tan–1  tan–1 = tan1
y y 1  3x

1  3x
y=  x = 1, y = 2 x = 2, y = 7
3x
(ii) case(i) x & y both are negative integers as K  N RHS is +ve, while LHS is –ve
no solution is possible
case(ii) x & y both are + ve integers.
As x, y N
 tan–1 x, tan–1 y {tan–1 1, tan–1 2, tan–1 3........ }

  (tan–1 x + tan–1 y) has minimum possible value is
2

But tan–1 k cannot be equal to or more
2
  No solution is possible
case(iii) One of them is +ve integer, while other is –ve integer say y is –ve I nteger.
Let y = –p ; p  N
  Given equation  tan–1 x – tan–1 p = tan–1 K
 tan–1 K + tan–1 p = tan–1 x
Clearly no solution (similar to case (ii))

2 
0  (tan1 x)2   5 2
50. 4   (tan–1 x)2 + (cos–1 x)2 
4
0  (cos1 y)2  2 

5 2 5
But (tan–1 x)2 + (cos–1 x)2 = 2k hence k2  ,k  .......(i)
4 4
2
  
Now put tan x = – cos–1 y   cos1 y  + (cos–1 y)2 = 2k (where cos–1 y = t)
–1

2 2 
 2 
2t2 – t +   k 2  = 0
 4 
 
For real roots, D  0
 2  1
2 – 8   k2   0  1 – 2 + 8k  0, k  ....(ii)
 4  8
 
From (i) and (ii), k = 1
  8 2  2   7 
With k = 1, t = = = (1 ± 7 ) .
4 4 4
 
or cos–1 y = ( 7 + 1) (as 0  cos–1 y  )  y = cos ( 7 + 1)
4 4
   
 tan–1 x = – ( 7 + 1) = [(1 – 7 )]  x = tan (1 – 7 ) .
2 4 4 4

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