Reg. No.

Question Paper Code :20931

B.E.BTech. DEGREE EXAMIINATIONS, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2023.

Fourth/Fifth Semester

Electronics and Communication Engineering

EC3491 -COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

(Common to : Computer and Communication Engineering/Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering/Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering/and
Instrumentation and Control Engineering)
(Regulations 2021)
Time : Three hours Maximum: 100 marks
Answer ALL questions.
PART A (10 x 2= 20 marks)
1. Define Superheterodyne Receiver and give a brief on its characteristics.
2.
In DSB-SC AM system, the message signal is given by m(t) = sin(50t), and
modulates a carrier signal c(t)= 2cos (1000t). Plot the spectrum of the
modulated signal y(t).
3. Elucidate Aliasing effect and elaborate the remedies to control it.
4.
Explain the terms "white noise" and "additive white gaussian noise (AWGN)".
5. Define and classify Pulse Modulation.
6.
A telephone line of 4 MHz bandwidth is having an SNR of 38 dB. What is its
channel capacity?
7. Define bit error rate (BER) and explain the significance of BER Vs SNR plot in
judging the efficiency of a digital system.
8. What is DPSK?Explain it with an example.
9. What is inter symbol interference (ISI)? Illustrate it with a sample data.
10. The output signal to noise ratio of al2-bit PCM is expected to be 40 dB, but it
was found to be 26 dB. For enhancing the SNR towards the expected value, the
number of quantization 10 levels have been increased. Find the fractional
increase in transmission bandwidth required for enhancing the SNR.
 PART B (5 x 13=65 marks)

11. (a) (i) Stateand illustrate Hilbert transform. (3)

(i) Stateand prove any three properties ofHilbert transform. (6)

(iii) Find the Hilbert transform of the function g(t)= m(t)sin(2ft).

(4)
giventhat m(t)> M).
Or

(b) (i) Elaborate on pre-envelope and complex envelope amplitude

modulation techniques. (7)
(ii) Derive the mathematical expressions for DSB-SC and SSB-SC
modulated signals. (6)

12. (a) (i) Compare PAM, PPM and PWM. (6)

(iü) If the analog signal to be quantized (unipolar quantization with
number of
4 bits) has a range from 0 V to 10 V, determine
quantization level, quantization step (resolution), quantization
error when the analog input is 7.4 V, quantization level when the
analog voltage is 7.4 V, and its binary code. (7)

Or

(b) i) Differentiate between TDM and FDM. Give one application for
each. (8)
(ii) Consider the signal x(t)= e20 +e0m, where 't' is in seconds. A
new signal y(t)=x(2t +6) is formed. Find out the Nyquist
sampling rate of y(t). (5)

13. (a) For (n =7, k=4) linear block code (LBC) with the following generator
matrix
10 11 0 0 0
1 1 00 1 0 0
G=
01 1 0 0 1 0
1 110 0 0 1
(i) Construct the codebook and find the value of the minimum
hamming distance dmin (3)
(ii) Calculate the error correction and error detection capabilities of
this code. (3)
(iii) Construct the parity check matrix for the above code. (3)
(iv) Decode the received message r= (0;0;1;1;0;1; 0) using syndrome
decoding. (4)
Or

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 (b) Consider the (n =7, k= 4) cvclie code defined by the generator
polynomial g(r)=1+x' +x
() Develop the encoder. (3)
(11) Determine its generator matrix C and parity-check matrix H. (3)

(111) Determine the svstematic code word of the message sequence

(1100). (3)
(iv) Suppose acode word is sent overa noisy channel with the received
word as 1001001.What would be the error polynomial e(x)? (4)

14. (a) ) Compare the merits and demerits of BPSK and QPSK w.r.t power
spectral density (PSD) and bit error rate (BER) with essential
illustration. (6)
(iü) The bit error probability characterizations for BPSK and QPSK in a
given communication channel reveals that the required E, /N, to
achieve P. of 10-4 and 10-7 are 8.2 dB and 11.2 dB, respectively.
What is the bandwidth eficiency for BPSK and QPSK for a bit
error probability of 10-7 on that communication channel with an
SNR of 12 dB? Compare the bandwidth efficiency of QPSK at
P, of 104 and 10-7 on that communication channel with an SNR of
12 dB. (7)
Or

(b) () Explain the detail about QAM with a neat sketch and show the
signal constellation diagram for 16-QAM. (4)
(ii) QAM typically consists of two-dimensional PAM. Under AWGN
channel of zero mean and 2 side PSD N, /2, find the following by
assuming symbol period as T.
(1) Signal constellation of 16-QAM (4-PAM in Iand 4-PAM in Q
channel) with minimum energy. (3)
(2) Average symbol rate in terms of E,/N, (ratio of energy per
symbol and noise). (3)
(3) Design modulator and demodulator. (3)

15. (a) Illustrate and elaborate the following concepts with mathematical
expressi0ns.
Receiver Noise. (4)
(ii) Probability of False Alarm. (4)
(iüi) The Matched Filter. (5)
Or
(b) Explain in detail about Channel Equalizer by focusing more on zero
forcing equalizer (ZFE) and minimum mean-square error equalizer
(MMSEE) with necessary figures, block diagrams and mathematical
expressions. (13)

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 PART C -(| x15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) An analog source produces a baseband voltage signal x() with
bandwidth equal to 12 KHz. Assume that sample functions of x(t)
follows a probability density given by:
/2

f,(x)= 2
0, Otherwise
The source output is quantized according tothe rule:
[i-0.5, i-1sr<i, for 1sis5
6.0, x> 5.0, i=6
Each quantized level y, is denoted as a discrete source symbol g, for
i=1,2,...,6.
(i) Determine the average quantization distortion. (3)
(iü) What is the minimum required bit rate of a fixed-length encoder for
the quantizer output? (3)
(iüi) Determine the discrete source average entropy. (3)
(iv) Design a Huffman code for g.} and calculate:
(1) Average codeword length
(2) Code efficiency
(3) Encoder minimum bit rate. (6)
Or

(b) A discrete memoryless information source has an alphabet consisting of

three symbols a,,a,, a, with respective probabilities 0.45, 0.35, 0.2.
Symbols are emitted at a rate of 2400 symbols per second. A binary
Huffman code is designed to represent the source output (call this Code
A). Another binary Huffman code is designed to represent the 2nd
extension of the source output (call this Code B). Determine the
following:
(i) Codewords of Code A and Code B. (5)
(ii) Code efficiencies of Code A and Code B. (5)
(ii) Bit rates of encoders A and B. (5)

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