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Windows Function SQL

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38 views

Windows Function SQL

Uploaded by

Kiran Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Window functions in SQL

Window functions apply aggregate and ranking functions over a particular window (set of
rows). OVER clause is used with window functions to define that window. OVER clause does
two important things:

● Partition rows into a form set of rows. (PARTITION BY clause is used)


● Orders rows within those partitions into a particular order. (ORDER BY clause is
used)

Basic Syntax :
SELECT coulmn_name1,
window_function(cloumn_name2),
OVER([PARTITION BY column_name1] [ORDER BY column_name3]) AS new_column
FROM table_name;

window_function = any aggregate or ranking function


column_name1 = column to be selected
coulmn_name2 = column on which window function is to be applied
column_name3 = column on whose basis partition of rows is to be done
new_column = Name of new column
table_name = Name of table

Aggregate Window Function :


Various aggregate functions such as SUM(), COUNT(), AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN() applied over a
particular window (set of rows) are called aggregate window functions.

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Consider the following employee table :

Example:
Find the average salary of employees for each department and order employees within a
department by age.
SELECT *, AVG(Salary) OVER(PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY age) FROM employee;

Ranking Window Functions :


Ranking functions are, RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), ROW_NUMBER(), LEAD(), LAG(),NTILE()
RANK() :
As the name suggests, the rank function assigns rank to all the rows within every partition. Rank
is assigned such that rank 1 given to the first row and rows having the same value are assigned
the same rank. For the next rank after two same rank values, one rank value will be skipped.
Example:
Find the rank of employees based on highest salary to lowest salary for each department
SELECT *, RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Salary DESC) FROM employee;

DENSE_RANK() :
It assigns rank to each row within the partition. Just like the rank function, the first row is
assigned rank 1 and rows having the same value have the same rank. The difference between
RANK() and DENSE_RANK() is that in DENSE_RANK(), for the next rank after two of the same
rank, consecutive integers are used, no rank is skipped.
Example:
Find the rank of employees based on highest salary to lowest salary for each department
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SELECT *, DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Salary DESC) FROM employee;

ROW_NUMBER() :
It assigns consecutive integers to all the rows within the partition. Within a partition, no two
rows can have the same row number.
Example:
Add column row number to the table
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Salary DESC) FROM employee;

LAG() :
The LAG() function allows access to a value stored in a different row above the current row. The
row above may be adjacent or some number of rows above, as sorted by a specified column or
set of columns.

LEAD() :
LEAD() is similar to LAG(). Whereas LAG() accesses a value stored in a row above, LEAD()
accesses a value stored in a row below.

NTILE() :
The MySQL NTILE() function divides rows in a sorted partition into a specific number of groups.
Each group is assigned a bucket number starting at one. For each row, the NTILE() function
returns a bucket number representing the group to which the row belongs.

Windows function Syntax

RANK() RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY column_name ORDER BY


column_name)

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DENSE_RANK() DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY column_name
ORDER BY column_name)

ROW_NUMBER() ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY column_name


ORDER BY column_name)

LAG() LAG(column_name,number_expression) OVER (


PARTITION BY column_name ORDER BY column_name)

LEAD() LEAD(column_name,number_expression) OVER (


PARTITION BY column_name ORDER BY column_name)

NTILE() NTILE(number_expression) OVER ([PARTITION BY


partition_expression ] ORDER BY sort_expression [ASC |
DESC])

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