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Soft Computing Note

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28 views

Soft Computing Note

Uploaded by

barsharaniraul123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Soft computing is the reverse of hard (conventional) computing.

It refers to a group
of computational techniques that are based on artificial intelligence (AI) and natural
selection. It provides cost-effective solutions to the complex real-life problems for
which hard computing solution does not exist.

Zadeh coined the term of soft computing in 1992. The objective of soft computing is
to provide precise approximation and quick solutions for complex real-life problems.

o Soft computing provides an approximate but precise solution for real-life


problems.
o The algorithms of soft computing are adaptive, so the current process is not
affected by any kind of change in the environment.
o The concept of soft computing is based on learning from experimental
data. It means that soft computing does not require any mathematical model
to solve the problem.
o Soft computing helps users to solve real-world problems by providing
approximate results that conventional and analytical models cannot solve.
o It is based on Fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, machine learning, ANN, and
expert systems.
o Applications of soft computing
o There are several applications of soft computing where it is used. Some of
them are listed below:
o It is widely used in gaming products like Poker and Checker.
o In kitchen appliances, such as Microwave and Rice cooker.
o In most used home appliances - Washing Machine, Heater, Refrigerator,
and AC as well.
o Apart from all these usages, it is also used in Robotics work (Emotional per
Robot form).
o Image processing and Data compression are also popular applications of
soft computing.
o Used for handwriting recognition.

Any problems can be resolved effectively using these components. Following are
three types of techniques used by soft computing:

o Fuzzy Logic
o Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
o Genetic Algorithms

Fuzzy Logic (FL)


Fuzzy logic is nothing but mathematical logic which tries to solve problems with an
open and imprecise spectrum of data. It makes it easy to obtain an array of precise
conclusions.

Fuzzy logic is basically designed to achieve the best possible solution to complex
problems from all the available information and input data. Fuzzy logics are
considered as the best solution finders.
Neural Network (ANN)
Neural networks were developed in the 1950s, which helped soft computing to solve
real-world problems, which a computer cannot do itself. We all know that a human
brain can easily describe real-world conditions, but a computer cannot.

An artificial neural network (ANN) emulates a network of neurons that makes a


human brain (means a machine that can think like a human mind). Thereby the
computer or a machine can learn things so that they can take decisions like the
human brain.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are mutually connected with brain cells and created
using regular computing programming. It is like as the human neural system.

Genetic Algorithms (GA)


Genetic algorithm is almost based on nature and take all inspirations from it. There is
no genetic algorithm that is based on search-based algorithms, which find its roots in
natural selection and the concept of genetics.

What is Fuzzy Logic?


The 'Fuzzy' word means the things that are not clear or are vague. Sometimes, we
cannot decide in real life that the given problem or statement is either true or false.
At that time, this concept provides many values between the true and false and gives
the flexibility to find the best solution to that problem.
Fuzzy logic contains the multiple logical values and these values are the truth values of a
variable or problem between 0 and 1. This concept was introduced by Lofti
Zadeh in 1965 based on the Fuzzy Set Theory. This concept provides the possibilities
which are not given by computers, but similar to the range of possibilities generated by
humans.

In the Boolean system, only two possibilities (0 and 1) exist, where 1 denotes the absolute
truth value and 0 denotes the absolute false value. But in the fuzzy system, there are multiple
possibilities present between the 0 and 1, which are partially false and partially true.

The Fuzzy logic can be implemented in systems such as micro-controllers,


workstation-based or large network-based systems for achieving the definite output.
It can also be implemented in both hardware or software.

Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic


Following are the characteristics of fuzzy logic:

1. This concept is flexible and we can easily understand and implement it.
2. It is used for helping the minimization of the logics created by the human.
3. It is the best method for finding the solution of those problems which are
suitable for approximate or uncertain reasoning.
4. It always offers two values, which denote the two possible solutions for a
problem and statement.

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