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FUNDAMENTAL

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5 views5 pages

FUNDAMENTAL

Uploaded by

arnabroy3638
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FUNDAMENTAL 1

What is computer?
The computer is an electronic device which can accept data or
information from the user and gives us a meaningful result within a few
milliseconds.
The word Computer comes from the word Compute, Which means
Calculate.

Full form of computer:


C – Common
O – Operating
M – Machine
P – Particular
U – Used for
T – Trade
E – Education
R – Research

History of Computer:
Computer history starts with the development of a device, called
ABACUS by Chines around 3000 BC, used for systematic
calculation of arithmetic operation.

Father of Computer – Charles Babbage was considered to be the father


of computing after his concept the invention of the Analytical Engine in
1837.

First Computer in India – Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) at Calcutta


in 1955.
FUNDAMENTAL 2

Function of Computer:
1. Accepting Data
2. Processing Data
3. Storing Data
4. Retrieving Data
Characteristics of Computer:
1. Automatic [স্বয়ংক্রিয]
2. Speed [গক্রি]
3. Accuracy [ক্রির্ভু লিা]
4. Diligence [অধ্যবসায]
5. Versatility [বহুমভক্রিিা]
6. Power of Remembering [মনি ]
রািার শক্রি

General Use of Computer:


1. Office and Organization
2. Engineering and Design
3. Animation And Graphics
4. Desk Top Publishing
5. Medical Science

Circuit Diagram of Computer:

Memory Unit

Input Unit Output Unit


(Keyboard, CU
(Monitor,
Mouse) Printer)
ALU

CPU
FUNDAMENTAL 3

Generation of Computer:

Generation Hardware
Characteristics Examples
& Period Technology
1st Generation Bulky in size, UNIVAC,
Vacuum Tubes
(1940-1956) Difficult to Use ENIAC
2nd Generation Smaller, Faster, Reliable,
Transistor IBM-700
(1956-1963) Easier to Use
3rd Generation Integrated Smaller, Faster, More
IBM-360
(1964-1971) Circuit (IC) Scientific, Easier to Use
Smaller, Affordable, Reliable, More IBM PC,
4th Generation Microprocessors
Powerful, very easy to use Apple II
1971-Present
5th Generation Artificial Portable, Powerful Memory,
IBM, Pentium
Present and Beyond Intelligence (AI) Reliable, Very Powerful Mainframe

Classification of Computer by Basic Pattern:


Computer

Analog Digital Hybrid

Super Main Frame Micro Mini

Desktop Laptop Palmtop


FUNDAMENTAL 4

Classification of computer by Hardware Components:


Computer

Hardware Software

Input Processing Output Application System

ALU Memory Control Unit

Primary Secondary

ROM RAM

Difference between Data & Information:


Data are raw materials from which information is derived. Similarly
information is the data that have been collected and processed in
meaningful form.
Booting:
The process done by the computer after it is switch on is known as
booting process. Booting means readiness of the computer to accept
commands from the user.
Hardware:
The physical components of a computer system and the various
accessory devices that can be added such as printer, modems and mouse
devices are termed hardware.
FUNDAMENTAL 5

Software:
A set of computer programs, procedures and associated documents
related to the effective operation of a computer system.
Computer software are classified by two categories-
(i) Application Software (Ex.- MS Word, Excel, Paint etc.)
(ii) System Software (Ex. Windows, DOS, Linux etc.)

Memory:
Memory is the electronic holding place for the instructions and data a
computer needs to reach quickly. It's where information is stored for
immediate use. There are technically two types of computer memory.
(i) Primary Memory (RAM & ROM)
(ii) Secondary Memory (Hard Disk , Floppy Disk, Magnetic Tape)
Unit of Memory
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 KB = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 MB = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 GB = 1 Terabyte (TB)
Difference between RAM & ROM:
RAM ROM
Random Access Memory. Read Only Memory.
It is temporary storage unit. It is permanent storage unit.
It is volatile in nature. It is non-volatile in nature.
We can read and write from here. We can read but can’t write from here.

• India's first Super Computer was introduced in the year 1991 by CDAC
which was named PARAM 8000 and it was developed by Vijay P.
Bhatkar.

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