Lesson 2 TEXT STRUCTURE Lesson 2 TEXT STRUCTURE

Learning Competency: Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs Learning Competency: Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs

Concept notes Concept notes

What is a Text Structure? What is a Text Structure?
Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. It refers to the Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. It refers to the
way an author arranges information in his writing. It enables authors to organize their thoughts as they way an author arranges information in his writing. It enables authors to organize their thoughts as they
write. It also helps the reader in that it provides a structure in which information can be found and write. It also helps the reader in that it provides a structure in which information can be found and
understood while it's being read. This strategy helps you students understand that a text might present a understood while it's being read. This strategy helps you students understand that a text might present a
main idea and details; a cause and then its effects; and/or different views of a topic as well as monitor main idea and details; a cause and then its effects; and/or different views of a topic as well as monitor
comprehension. comprehension.
Text Structure Definition/Example Signal Words Text Structure Definition/Example Signal Words
Description This type of text structure features a detailed description For example, for Description This type of text structure features a detailed description For example, for
of something to give the reader a mental picture. instance, of something to give the reader a mental picture. instance,
EXAMPLE: A book may tell all about whales or describe specifically, in EXAMPLE: A book may tell all about whales or describe specifically, in
what the geography is like in a particular region. particular, in what the geography is like in a particular region. particular, in
addition addition
Cause and This structure presents the causal relationship between a Consequently, Cause and This structure presents the causal relationship between a Consequently,
Effect specific event, idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or therefore, as a Effect specific event, idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or therefore, as a
concept that follow. result, thereby, leads concept that follow. result, thereby, leads
EXAMPLE: Weather patterns could be described that to EXAMPLE: Weather patterns could be described that to
explain why a big snowstorm occurred. explain why a big snowstorm occurred.
Comparison/ This type of text examines the similarities and differences However, unlike, Comparison/ This type of text examines the similarities and differences However, unlike,
Contrast between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc. like, by contrast, yet, Contrast between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc. like, by contrast, yet,
EXAMPLE: A book about ancient Greece may explain in comparison, EXAMPLE: A book about ancient Greece may explain in comparison,
how the Spartan women were different from the Athenian although, whereas, how the Spartan women were different from the Athenian although, whereas,
women. similar to, different women. similar to, different
from from
Order/ This text structure gives readers a chronological of events Next, first, last, Order/ This text structure gives readers a chronological of events Next, first, last,
Sequence or a list of steps in a procedure. second, another, Sequence or a list of steps in a procedure. second, another,
EXAMPLE: A book about the American revolution might then, additionally EXAMPLE: A book about the American revolution might then, additionally
list the events leading to the war. In another book, steps list the events leading to the war. In another book, steps
involved in harvesting blue crabs might be told. involved in harvesting blue crabs might be told.
Problem- This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, factor, question, Problem- This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, factor, question,
Solution explains the solution, and then discusses the effects of the reason, situation, Solution explains the solution, and then discusses the effects of the reason, situation,
solution. Issue, problem solution. Issue, problem
EXAMPLE: It seems like there has been a surge in teen answer, possibility, EXAMPLE: It seems like there has been a surge in teen answer, possibility,
pregnancies these days. Teen pregnancies make it very proposition, pregnancies these days. Teen pregnancies make it very proposition,
difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and solution, remedy, difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and solution, remedy,
meet the demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen resolution meet the demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen resolution
pregnancies can be easily prevented by using birth control; pregnancies can be easily prevented by using birth control;
however, even birth control is not 100% effective. The however, even birth control is not 100% effective. The
most effective way to prevent teen pregnancies is most effective way to prevent teen pregnancies is
abstinence, which is 100% effective. abstinence, which is 100% effective.