ABYC Advanced Pretest

A metallic shore power inlet becomes hot to the touch. Which would not be a contributing
factor? - ANS-Temperature rating of shore-cord insulation

An inter-circuit short can cause: - ANS-" All of the above; Unrelated circuits to operate
simultaneously; Components to work at reduced capacity; An over-current situation"

Which of the following is addressed by ABYC A-32? - ANS-Power conditioning and conversion

LED navigation lights are required to meet: - ANS-72 Colregs

Which of the following are recommended for 3-phase shore power? - ANS-Power conditioning
and phase-rotation monitoring

Which of the following is an example of a power-quality issue? - ANS-Nuisance tripping of

magnetic circuit breakers

What tool can be used instead of a power-quality analyzer to measure phase amplitude? -
ANS-DVOM

All of the following are functions of a generator voltage regulator EXCEPT: - ANS-Control
generator power factor

A true-DC wind generator might be inadvertently powered by the batteries if a ________ is not
part of the installation. - ANS-Blocking diode

Which power sources can be seamlessly transferred? - ANS-" All of the above; AC generators;
Shore power; Inverters"

Which of the following needs to be considered when retrofitting an electric-propulsion engine? -

ANS-Proper ventilation of batteries

In a NMEA 2000 digital switching system it is necessary to use - ANS-Terminating resistors

A boat's hull potential is measured: - ANS-Between a reference cell and main engine negative

Which statement is correct pertaining to a NMEA 2000 system? - ANS-" Both a and b; Resistors
are to be used only at both ends of the system;
NMEA cables provide power and data in a single cable"
Slower than normal engine cranking could be an indication of all the following except: -
ANS-Battery fully charged

Which tool could not-be used to diagnose excessive voltage drop? - ANS-Ammeter

An advantage of an insulated DC ground system is: - ANS-Easier detection of ground faults

Which equipment may not need to be changed when a boat built by an international builder
using 50 Hz AC is imported to the US? - ANS-Water Heater

Which of the following could cause a shore-power ELCI main breaker to trip? - ANS-Multiple
shore-power inlet neutral conductors on the load side of the ELCI are connected

The maximum battery cable gauge that can be connected to a terminal via wingnut is: - ANS-8

VFDs control the speed of electric motors (pumps, fans, hoists) by regulating ____? -
ANS-frequency

Do VFDs typically display fault codes, and how can you determine the nature of a fault? -
ANS-Yes, they do; refer to the manufacturer's list of fault codes.

According to ____ , seamless transfers between sources cannot maintain parallel for more than
I second - ANS-ABYCA-32

True or False: four-wire sensors are the most common configuration in today's engine-control
systems. - ANS-FALSE; two- and three-wire configurations are more common.

According to ABYC A-32, "synchronization" means matching all EXCEPT - ANS-amperage

Compared to traditional US power sources, _____ delivers three times the power with only 1.5
times the conductor material. - ANS-three-phase power

In a delta configuration, the phase voltage is _____ the line voltage - ANS-equal to

Three-phase power ______ than single-phase power - ANS-is more efficient

Proper overcurrent protection for a three-phase motor requires - ANS-a triple-pole breaker

Three-phase induction motors can be damaged by ____ in a three-phase power distribution

system. - ANS-loss of voltage

The most common cause of AC ripple from an alternator is: - ANS-Faulty/low-quality rectifier
diode(s)
Based on the Fourier method, total harmonic distortion is calculated using: - ANS-First and third
harmonics only

The distortion caused by multiple frequencies in output is called: - ANS-Harmonic distortion

AC voltage transients cause all the following EXCEPT: - ANS-Capacitance coupling

When attempting to diagnose intermittent power quality issues, which feature of the power
quality analyzer is used? - ANS-Data logging

Which function is operational when a block load is applied? - ANS-Volts per Hz

Which of the following components would NOT prevent a generator from creating voltage? -
ANS-Shorted droop CT

The following are adjustments on voltage regulators EXCEPT - ANS-Load gain

Electricity coming from a solar panel must be ___ before it's delivered to a battery bank: -
ANS-regulated

What is the first step in specifying solar capacity on a boat? - ANS-DC load analysis

A semiconductor - ANS-exhibits properties directly between those of conductors and insulators

Cabling from the solar-panel positive terminal to the controller should induce a voltage drop of: -
ANS-not more than 3.0%

Diode test function on a multi-meter (DMM) is important to ensure that: - ANS-Series circuits
don't have excessive resistance.

A8YC Standard A-32 addresses power-conversion systems installed between all EXCEPT: -
ANS-the public utility and the dockside shore-power outlet.

Synchronization may refer to compatibility of: - ANS-any of the above; voltage;frequency

;waveform

E-11.8.1 Load Calculations - __ - ANS-DC

"Statement A: Switching between AC power sources can be done with seamless transfer.
Statement B: Switching between AC power sources can apply the break-before-make method."
- ANS-Statements A and B are both True

E-11.8.1.1 The following method shall be used for calculating the total electrical load
requirements for determining the minimum size of each ___________, switchboard, and their
main conductors. Additionally, this information may be used to size the alternator, or
__________, and the battery. (See E-11.6.1.1 and ABYC E-10, Storage Batteries.) -
ANS-panelboard, other charging means

Per ABYC Standards, before a seamless tranfer, power sources shall be: - ANS-synchronized.

When converting from a gasoline engine power source to an all-electric, which of the following
does NOT need to be considered? - ANS-Horsepower of the old gasoline engine

Per ABYC E-30 standards, what is the maximum impedance for ground-fault monitoring on an
AC system with regard to electric propulsion? - ANS-1,000 ohms per volt

Based on ABYC E-30, if a 144 VDC electric propulsion system has a battery capacity of 240
amp-hours, what is the required AIC rating of the overcurrent protection? - ANS-24,000

The best choice for mounting a digital switching power distribution module is: - ANS-Follow
manufacturer's recommendations.

The maximum allowable voltage drop for a DSS power distribution module is: - ANS-3%

Digital switching for AC appliances is appropriate as long as ____? - ANS-It is not used.

When programming electronic circuit protection in a DSS system, it is important to use which
reset feature? - ANS-Manual reset

Which of the following best describes the function of a galvanic isolator? - ANS-Blocks DC
current

A boat's hull potential is measured: - ANS-Between a reference cell and the engine negative
terminal or its bus.

During a corrosion survey, the hull potential has slowly shifted by 30 mV over the course of I
hour. This indicates - ANS-Extreme under protection

You have detected a harmful 250mA DC galvanic current flow from the boat's ground to the
dock ground through the shore-power grounding conductor.
Statement A: A properly installed and functional galvanic isolator should correct this.
Statement B: A properly installed and functional shore-power polarization transformer should
correct this. - ANS-Statement A is TRUE; Statement B is FALSE.

E-11.8.1.1.1 In column A of TABLE II, Electrical Load Requirement Worksheet, list the current
rating (amps) of the loads that must be available for use on a________ duty basis for normal
operations; - ANS-continuous
In a J 1939 CAN Bus, what is the expected resistance in a CAN Transceiver Resistance test
between CAN high and ground as well as the CAN low and ground? - ANS-60 Ohm

What is the optimum tool to diagnose NMEA 2000 CAN bus faults? - ANS-A NMEA 2000
diagnostic tool

Which type of electrical interference can potentially cause system-wide problems since power
cords are connected directly to the entire power distribution network? - ANS-Conducted
emissions

E-11.8.1.1.2 In column B of TABLE II, list the current rating (amps) of the remaining loads that
are intermittent, and total these loads. Take __% of the total load in column B, or the current
draw of the largest item, whichever is greater, and add this value to the total from column A to
establish the total electrical load. NOTE: Calculations are based on the actual operating
amperage for each load, and not on the rating of the circuit breaker or fuse protecting that
branch circuit. - ANS-10

A-32__ POWER CONVERSION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS - ANS-AC

A-32.2 SCOPE This document applies to electrical and electronic power conversion and control
equipment in the AC shore power feed: A-32.2.1 Operating at___ volts or less, and - ANS-600

A-32.2 SCOPE This document applies to electrical and electronic power conversion and control
equipment in the AC shore power feed: A-32.2.2 to on __________operating at ___ VAC or
less; single or three-phase, installed between the shore power inlet and the distribution panel,
between shore power and on-board AC power sources, and between multiple on-board AC
power sources for the purposes of: Power conditioning and conversion ◊ Seamless transfer
between sources ◊ Parallel operation of sources - ANS-board distribution systems, 300

A-32.4.1 ________________- an electrical, electronic or electromechanical device which

typically provides the following capabilities - electrical isolation, frequency conversion and
voltage conversion - between the shore outlet and the boats electrical system. Additional
capabilities may be included as required by specific installations (e.g. phase conversion, power
conditioning, synchronization). - ANS-AC Shore Power Converter

A-32.4.2 ___________ - an electrical, electronic or electromechanical device which typically

provides manual or automatic voltage regulation. Additional capabilities may be included as
required by specific installations. (e.g. electrical isolation, noise suppression) - ANS-AC Shore
Power Voltage Regulator

A-32.4.3 ______ - condition in which voltage or energy available from an AC power source is
inadvertently supplied to devices or connections not intended to be energized by the source
supplying the power ( e.g. onboard generator set supplying power to the shore power inlet)
under normal and single fault conditions. - ANS-Backfeed
A-32.4.4 ___________ - an electrical or electronic control means of preventing unintended
simultaneous operation of power switching devices. - ANS-Electrical Interlocking

A-32.4.5 Independent Laboratory- a facility that: A-32.4.5.1 is engaged, as a _________, in

performing periodic inspections and tests that are the same as, or similar to, the inspections and
qualification tests required for the equipment or material being evaluated, - ANS-regular part of
its business

A-32.4.5 Independent Laboratory- a facility that: A-32.4.5.2 has, or has_______ to, the
apparatus, facilities, personnel, and calibrated instruments that are necessary to inspect and
test the equipment or material being evaluated, and - ANS-access

A-32.4.5 Independent Laboratory- a facility that:A-32.4.5.3 is not owned or controlled by:

A-2.4.5.3.1 the_________ of the equipment or material to be inspected or tested or any similar
equipment or material; or - ANS-manufacturer

A-32.4.5 Independent Laboratory- a facility that:A-32.4.5.3 is not owned or controlled by:

A-32.4.5.3.2 a____ of the equipment or material to be inspected or tested or a vendor of similar
equipment or materials; or - ANS-vendor

A-32.4.5 Independent Laboratory- a facility that:A-32.4.5.3 is not owned or controlled by:

A-32.4.5.3.3 a______ of materials to the manufacturer. - ANS-supplier

A-32.4.6 __________- automatic and proportional sharing of the real (kW) and reactive (kVAR)
power of paralleled AC power sources. - ANS-Load Sharing

A-32.4.7 __________ - a point of connection for all power source output ground and neutral
conductors. This may be a single combined bus for both the source neutral and ground
conductors or separate neutral and ground busses joined by a common conductor. - ANS-Main
AC grounding bus

A-32.4.8 __________ - a connection of multiple synchronized AC power sources. - ANS-Parallel

Operation

A-32.4.9 __________ - a momentary connection of separate synchronized AC power sources to

avoid interruption before the transfer of power from one source to another. - ANS-Seamless
Transfer

A-32.4.10 __________ - achieving compatibility of voltage, frequency, waveform and phase

angle of independent power sources. - ANS-Synchronization

A-32.4.11 ___________ - a transformer meeting the requirements of ABYC E-11 ,AC & DC
Electrical Systems on Boats installed in the shore power supply circuit on a boat to electrically
isolate all the normally current carrying AC system conductors, including the AC grounding
conductor (green) on the boat, from the AC system conductors of the shore power supply. -
ANS-Transformer, isolation

A32.4.12 __________ - a transformer, installed in the shore power supply circuit on the boat to
electrically isolate the normally current carrying AC system conductors, but not the AC
grounding conductor (green), from the normally current carrying conductors of the shore power
supply. - ANS-Transformer, polarization

A-32.5.1 Each ________ (e.g. generator sets, shore power, inverters) shall be installed in
accordance with ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats. - ANS-source of power

A-32.5.1 ________ and components shall meet the requirements of ABYC E-11, AC & DC
Electrical Systems on Boats . - ANS-Shore power systems

A-32.5.3_______ sets shall meet the requirements of ABYC A-27, Alternating Current (AC)
Generator Sets. - ANS-Generator

A-32.5.4______ and combined inverter/chargers shall meet the requirements of ABYC A-31,
Battery Chargers and Inverters. - ANS-Inverters

A-32.5.5 ________, if installed, shall meet the requirements of ABYC A-28, Galvanic Isolators. -
ANS-Galvanic isolators

A-32.6 _____________ - ANS-AC SHORE POWER CONVERTERS

A-32.6.1 AC shore power converters shall meet the requirements of ___________ Equipment -
Semiconductor converters. - ANS-IEC 60092-304

A-32.6.2 AC shore power converters incorporating ____________ shall meet the requirements
of an isolation transformer in ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats, if used for the
purposes of galvanic isolation. - ANS-isolation transformers

A-32.7 _____________________ - ANS-AC SHORE POWER VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A32.7.1 Automatic voltage regulators shall maintain ±__% of rated voltage. - ANS-10

A32.7.2 Manual voltage regulators shall indicate an under/over voltage condition outside ±__%
of rated voltage. - ANS-10

A32.7.3 If the _____uses a transformer for the purposes of galvanic isolation, it shall meet the
requirements of an isolation transformer in ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats. -
ANS-voltage regulator
A-32.8 ___________ - ANS-ELECTRICAL INTERLOCKING

32.8.1 Electrical interlocking shall be provided for ________in installations that are not capable
of seamless transfer or parallel operations and to prevent a single bus from being energized by
more than one non-synchronized AC power source simultaneously. - ANS-switching devices

A-32.9 __________ - ANS-BACKFEED PROTECTION

A-32.9.1 Provisions shall be made to prevent __________ of any source that is not intended to
be energized or is inadvertently disconnected. NOTE: Typically, backfeed protection is used to
prevent onboard generators or inverters from applying voltage to the shore cord and onshore
electrical supply system, for example to prevent shock-hazardous AC voltage from being
present at the shore inlet when it is disconnected from shore. - ANS-back feeding

A-32.9.2 Backfeed protection shall operate within ___ms of the disconnection of the input AC
power source. NOTE: This can be tested using IEC 62116 Test procedure of islanding
prevention measures for utility-interconnected photovoltaic inverters; or IEEE 1547 Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources With the Electric Power System. - ANS-100

A-32.10 _____________ - ANS-MULTIPLE SHORE POWER SOURCE PARALLELING AND

COMBINING DEVICES

A-32.10.1 Devices capable of________ multiple independent shore power sources shall: -
ANS-combining

A-32.10.1 Devices capable of combining multiple independent shore power sources shall:
A-32.10.1.1 Establish and maintain_______ while combining the sources. -
ANS-synchronization

A-32.10.1 Devices capable of combining multiple independent shore power sources shall:
A-32.10.1.2 Prevent_______ of any source that is not intended to be energized or is
disconnected. - ANS-backfeeding

A-32.11 ____________ - ANS-SEAMLESS TRANSFER

A-32.11.1 AC power sources shall be ______ before seamless transfer. - ANS-synchronized

A-32.11.2 During seamless transfers between shore power and an onboard source, sources
shall be paralleled for no more than I second to facilitate load transfer. EXCEPTION:
Installations employing ___________ with provisions for seamless transfer and backfeed
protection (See A-32.8 for backfeed protection requirements) - ANS-AC shore power converters
and/or inverters
A-32.11.3 During seamless transfers between onboard AC sources, reverse power protection
shall be provided in accordance with the equipment___________ instructions. (See DIAGRAM
4 (FIGURE 7-4) and DIAGRAMS (FIGURE 7-5).) - ANS-manufacturer's

A-32.12 _______________ - ANS-PARALLEL OPERATION OF POWER SOURCES

A-32.12.1 AC power sources shall be_________ before paralleling. - ANS-synchronized

A-32.12.2 A configuration that allows shore power sources to be operated in_______ with on
board power sources shall have isolation transformer(s), polarization transformer(s), or shore
power converters with isolation or polarization transformers. (See DIAGRAM I (FIGURE 7-1),
DIAGRAM 2 (FIGURE 7-2), DIAGRAM 3 (FIGURE 7-3)) NOTE: The secondary of onboard
isolation or polarization transformers or shore power converters with isolation transformers is
considered an onboard power source. EXCEPTION: Systems using an inverter capable of
parallel operation with shore power. - ANS-parallel

A-32.12.2 A configuration that allows shore power sources to be operated in parallel with on
board power sources shall have isolation transformer(s), polarization transformer(s), or shore
power converters with isolation or polarization transformers. (See DIAGRAM I (FIGURE 7-1),
DIAGRAM 2 (FIGURE 7-2), DIAGRAM 3 (FIGURE 7-3)) NOTE: The secondary of onboard
isolation or polarization transformers or shore power converters with isolation transformers is
considered an onboard power source. EXCEPTION: Systems using an inverter capable
of_____ operation with shore power. - ANS-parallel

A-32.12.3 The grounding conductors of onboard power sources that may be operated in parallel
shall be ________ per ABYC E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. - ANS-grounded

A-32.12.4 Onboard power sources intended to be operated in parallel shall be provided with the
following: A-32.12.4.1 Under/Over voltage________ and - ANS-protection

A-32.12.4 Onboard power sources intended to be operated in parallel shall be provided with the
following: A-32.12.4.2 Under/Over________ protection. - ANS-frequency

A-32.12.5 _________ - ANS-Generators

A-32.12.5.1 Provisions shall be made to load share paralleled_______ during steady state
operation. - ANS-generators

A-32.12.5.2 Reverse power protection shall be provided in accordance with the

equipment_________ instructions. - ANS-manufacturer's

A-32.12.5.3 During seamless transfers between on board AC sources, reverse power protection
shall be provided; for generators, reverse power shall not exceed __% of rated output. - ANS-15
A-32.12.6 _________ - ANS-Inverters

A-32.12.6.1 Inverters operating in parallel with shore power and/or generators shall not have the
output ______________ at the inverter. - ANS-neutral grounded

A-32.12.6.2 During seamless transfers between on board AC sources, ___________ shall be

provided for inverters. Converters with an inverter output reverse power shall not be possible.
NOTE: See ABYC A-31, Battery Chargers and Inverters, for stand-alone inverter installations. -
ANS-reverse power protection

A-32.12.6.3 When the output of two or more inverters are connected in parallel to one another
and to no other AC power source, the output neutrals shall be grounded at each inverter or at
the main ___________. - ANS-AC grounding/neutral bus

A-32.12.7 __________ - ANS-Shore Power Converters

A-32.12.7.1 Provisions shall be made to prevent______ of any source that is not intended to be
energized or is inadvertently disconnected. - ANS-backfeeding

A-32.12.7.2 Provisions shall be made to ___________the output of paralleled shore power

converters. - ANS-load share

E-30 _____________ - ANS-ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS

E-30.1 PURPOSE This standard is a guide for the design, construction, and installation of
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats for the purpose of
propulsion. NOTES: 1. _____________ has promulgated mandatory requirements for electrical
systems in Title 33, CFR 183 Subpart I. Refer to the CFR for current federal requirements. -
ANS-The United States Coast Guard

E-30.1 PURPOSE This standard is a guide for the design, construction, and installation of
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats for the purpose of
propulsion. NOTES: 2. ABYC E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats outlines information
for voltages less than ___VAC and __VDC. - ANS-300, 60

E-30.1 PURPOSE This standard is a guide for the design, construction, and installation of
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats for the purpose of
propulsion. NOTES: 3. Three phase power systems pose different and significant risks from
those encountered with single phase systems and should only be installed and maintained by
properly trained technicians under appropriate engineering supervision, and in accordance with
specifications detailed in any of the various recognized standards including____, ABS, Det
Norske Veritas, etc. - ANS-IEEE
E-30.1 PURPOSE This standard is a guide for the design, construction, and installation of
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats for the purpose of
propulsion. NOTES: 3. Three phase power systems pose different and significant risks from
those encountered with single phase systems and should only be installed and maintained by
properly trained technicians under appropriate engineering supervision, and in accordance with
specifications detailed in any of the various recognized standards including IEEE,____, Det
Norske Veritas, etc. - ANS-ABS

E-30.1 PURPOSE This standard is a guide for the design, construction, and installation of
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems on boats for the purpose of
propulsion. NOTES: 3. Three phase power systems pose different and significant risks from
those encountered with single phase systems and should only be installed and maintained by
properly trained technicians under appropriate engineering supervision, and in accordance with
specifications detailed in any of the various recognized standards including IEEE, ABS,
___________, etc. - ANS-Det Norske Veritas

E-30.2.1 alternating current (AC) systems on boats operating at more than ___VAC, but less
than 1000VAC and - ANS-300

E-30.2.1 alternating current (AC) systems on boats operating at more than 300VAC, but less
than _____VAC and - ANS-1000

E-30.2.2 direct current (DC) systems on boats operating at more than __VDC nominal but less
than 1000VDC, including battery banks, motors, and controllers for the purpose of propulsion.
NOTES: The electric propulsion system can include several components including but not
limited to: 1. Generators, 2. Inverters, 3. Battery chargers, 4. Batteries, 5. Electric propulsion
motors, 6. Transformers, 7. AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC converters, 8. Motor control devices
- ANS-60

E-30.2.2 direct current (DC) systems on boats operating at more than 60VDC nominal but less
than _____VDC, including battery banks, motors, and controllers for the purpose of propulsion.
NOTES: The electric propulsion system can include several components including but not
limited to: 1. Generators, 2. Inverters, 3. Battery chargers, 4. Batteries, 5. Electric propulsion
motors, 6. Transformers, 7. AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC converters, 8. Motor control devices
- ANS-1000

E-30.4.1 AC_____ Conductor - a current-carrying conductor that is intentionally maintained at

___________. NOTE: This may be referred to as the neutral (white) conductor in AC electrical
systems. - ANS-Grounded

E-30.4.2 AC ______ Conductor (green or green with a yellow stripe) - a conductor, not normally
carrying current, used to connect the metallic non-current carrying parts of AC electrical
equipment to the AC grounding bus, engine negative terminal or its bus, and to the source
ground. - ANS-Grounding
E-30.4.3 ___________ - a mechanical assembly comprised of battery cells and restraining
frames or trays and possibly components for battery management. - ANS-Battery Pack

E-30.4.4 __________- a mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying, and breaking
currents under normal load conditions, and also making, carrying for a specified time, and
breaking currents under specified abnormal conditions such as those of a short circuit. -
ANS-Circuit Breaker

E-30.4.5 ____________- an area where moisture is intermittently present ( e.g., bilge, head,
galley). - ANS-Damp Area

E-30.4.6 ___________ - a mechanical switching device which, in the open position, complies
with requirements specified for the isolating function. - ANS-Disconnect Device

E-30.4.7 ___________ - the electrical resistance between a voltage source and any conductive
structure. A value greater than or equal to 500 ohms per volt for DC systems and 1000 ohms
per volt for AC systems is defined as "isolated:' Isolation is measured from all current carrying
conductors of power relative to any conductive structure. - ANS-Electrical Isolation

E-30.4.8______ - a device which by melting opens the circuit in which it is inserted, breaking the
current flow when it exceeds a given value for sufficient time. - ANS-Fuse

E-30.4.9 __________ - enclosed space that is surrounded by permanent boat structure and is
intended to remain dry under normal use. - ANS-Interior Space

E-30.4.10 ___________ - a space that contains engine(s) and/or motors(s) for mechanical or
electrical power or propulsion. - ANS-Machinery Space

E-30.4.11 __________ - an assembly of devices, such as circuit breakers, fuses, switches,

instruments, and indicators, for the purpose of controlling and/or distributing electrical power. -
ANS-Panelboard (switchboard)

E-30.4.12 _____________ - voltage levels that can harm humans through electric shock (see
UL 2231, Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: General
Requirements and UL 2202, Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Equipment). DC voltages
over 60 V and all AC voltages are considered potentially hazardous. - ANS-Potentially
Hazardous Voltage

E-30.4.13 __________- a device whose maximum output is restricted to a specified value by its
magnetic or electrical characteristics. - ANS-Self-limiting

E-30.4.14 __________ - All exterior areas exposed to weather and not fully enclosed by
permanent boat structures. - ANS-Wet Area
E-30.5.1 The electrical wiring, connections, and installation shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ________, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats except when otherwise
noted. - ANS-ABYC E-11

E-30.5.2 Optional equipment at or below 60 VDC or 300 VAC, dependent and connected to this
system such as low voltage AC and/or DC appliances (e.g. ,galley stoves, HVAC, water
heaters,), shall be powered by isolated sources, such as __________ DC to DC converters,
galvanically isolated DC to AC inverters, or AC safety/isolation transformers. - ANS-galvanically
isolated

E-30.5.3 The ________________________ shall be considered when choosing cable size,

30°C (86 °F), 50°C (122°F) and 60°C (140°F) degree ambients are represented in TABLE I. The
ambient environment design temperature of machinery spaces shall be considered to be 122°F
(50°C). - ANS-ambient environment design temperature

E-30.5.4 The ________ shall be designed for the environment in which it is intended to be used.
Where necessary, consideration shall also be given to ambient raw water-cooling temperature. -
ANS-propulsion system

E-30.5.5 The equipment shall be designed and tested for the________ where it is intended to
be used (e.g., shock, vibration, humidity, salt-spray). - ANS-environment

E-30.5.6 Distribution systems shall be fully insulated, ungrounded and: - ANS-ungrounded

E-30.5.6 Distribution systems shall be fully insulated, ungrounded and: E-30.5.6.1 DC systems
shall be a _________ system. - ANS-two-wire

E-30.5.6.2 AC systems shall be either, or a combination of: E-30.5.6.2.1 _____________ that

are: - ANS-single phase systems

E-30.5.6.2 AC systems shall be either, or a combination of: E-30.5.6.2.1 single phase systems
that are: E-30.5.6.2.1.1 ___________, - ANS-single phase 2 wire

E-30.5.6.2 AC systems shall be either, or a combination of: E-30.5.6.2.1 single phase systems
that are: E-30.5.6.2.1.2 single phase 3 wire with ______, or - ANS-neutral

E-30.5.6.2.2 three phase systems that are: E-30.5.6.2.2.1 _____, - ANS-3 wire

E-30.5.6.2.2 three phase systems that are: E-30.5.6.2.2.2 _______ with neutral. - ANS-4 wire

E-30.5.7 There shall be a means of emergency stop which disables the propulsion system, and
which can be reached quickly and safely for effective use without the use of tools while
maintaining other systems under operation. The emergency stops shall be installed at all
___________. - ANS-helm stations

E-30.5.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Electrical Transients - all electrical

assemblies which may affect safe operation of the vessel shall be __________________ of the
electromagnetic environment within the vessel. This includes fluctuating voltage and load
conditions which will occur during normal operation of the vessel. - ANS-functionally tolerant

E-30.5.9 Electrical transients resulting from normal operation of the vessel shall not cause
___________ of the vessel or its operating systems (see ABYC P-27, Electric/Electronic
Steering Systems and ABYC P-24, Electric/Electronic Propulsion Control Systems for commonly
used EMI/EMC testing criteria). - ANS-false shutdowns

E-30.5.10 All electrical equipment located in the same compartment or space as a battery or
battery pack that has the possibility of admitting flammable gas or substances shall be
_____________ according to ABYC E-11 AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. -
ANS-ignition-protected

E-30.5.11 All conductors for 60VDC and over shall indicate the correct polarity and be orange in
color or otherwise______ as exceeding 60 VDC.AII conductors for systems operating at a
voltage greater than 300VAC shall be _______ as such. - ANS-identified

E-30.5.12 Battery bank installations shall be provided with: E-30.5.12.1 a _______ that is
capable of disconnecting the battery source when under rated load and - ANS-switch

E-30.5.12 Battery bank installations shall be provided with: E-30.5.12.2 a disconnector with a
means of being_______ in the open position for maintenance operations. - ANS-locked

E-30.5.13 Areas and equipment that are not designed for passenger contact (e.g., battery
compartments and electrical assemblies) shall be: E-30.5.13.1 accessible only with use of
______ and - ANS-tools

E-30.5.13 Areas and equipment that are not designed for passenger contact (e.g., battery
compartments and electrical assemblies) shall be: E-30.5.13.2________ appropriate to the
hazard present. - ANS-labeled

E-30.5.14 On systems of 60 VDC and over as well as on all AC systems, the system________
shall provide documentation and installation requirements for proper procedures to isolate and
lock power sources to prevent unintended or accidental contact with energized components. -
ANS-manufacturer

E-30.7 ___________ - ANS-MONITORING

E-30.7.1 _________- a monitoring system shall be installed to provide warning of the
impedance of less than 500 ohms per volt for DC systems and 1000 ohms per volt for AC
systems, between the source of voltage and any conductive surface. - ANS-Ground Fault
Monitor

E-30.7.2 The vessel operator shall be _____ to the existence of a system fault or failure that
could lead to further damage to the electrical system, if allowed to persist uncorrected. -
ANS-alerted

E-30.7.3 Warning by means of a warning light or alarm visible and/or audible from each helm
station and any system monitoring location shall be given in the event of a failure. NOTES:
Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to: 1 . _____________ - ANS-Loss of
battery system isolation,

E-30.7.3 Warning by means of a warning light or alarm visible and/or audible from each helm
station and any system monitoring location shall be given in the event of a failure. NOTES:
Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to: 2. _________ - ANS-Low state of
charge

E-30.7.3 Warning by means of a warning light or alarm visible and/or audible from each helm
station and any system monitoring location shall be given in the event of a failure. NOTES:
Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to: 3. ___________ - ANS-Over
temperature

E-30.7.3 Warning by means of a warning light or alarm visible and/or audible from each helm
station and any system monitoring location shall be given in the event of a failure. NOTES:
Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to: 4. ________ - ANS-Potentially
hazardous voltage

E-30.7.3 Warning by means of a warning light or alarm visible and/or audible from each helm
station and any system monitoring location shall be given in the event of a failure. NOTES:
Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to: 5. _______ - ANS-Ground faults

E-30.7.3 Warning by means of a warning light or alarm visible and/or audible from each helm
station and any system monitoring location shall be given in the event of a failure. NOTES:
Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to: 6. _________ - ANS-Self-limited
overcurrent conditions

E-30.7.4 A monitoring system shall be provided to inform the vessel operator of: E-30.7.4.1
running modes for systems using a_____ of combustion and electric propulsion, -
ANS-combination

E-30.7.4 A monitoring system shall be provided to inform the vessel operator of: E-30.7.4.2
________ (i.e., energized and available or if a fault exists), - ANS-system status
E-30.7.4 A monitoring system shall be provided to inform the vessel operator of:
E-30.7.4.___________________is active (i.e., forward, reverse, generator mode - this may be
by orientation of shift and/ or throttle levers), - ANS-3 propulsion drive system

E-30.7.4 A monitoring system shall be provided to inform the vessel operator of: E-30.7.4.4
notification of the _________ of systems fault (e.g., insulation breakdown), - ANS-type

E-30.7.4 A monitoring system shall be provided to inform the vessel operator of: E-30.7.4.5 a
_________ monitor (i.e., fuel gauge or battery state of charge indicator, percent remaining for
the sources of stored energy at all times), and - ANS-capacity

E-30.7.4 A monitoring system shall be provided to inform the vessel operator of: E-30.7.4.6
approximate _______________ or distance at the current rate of discharge shall be made
available to operator. - ANS-remaining time

E-30.8.1 The boat's ______________ system (e.g., batteries, generators, inverters) shall
remain isolated from the boat's grounding system. - ANS-propulsion electrical

E-30.8.1 The boat's propulsion electrical system (e.g., batteries, generators, inverters) shall
remain isolated from the boat's__________ system. - ANS-grounding

E-30.8.2 Exposed, ________________parts of the propulsion system (e.g., motor case) shall
be connected to the boat's grounding system per ABYC E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on
Boats. - ANS-non-current carrying conductive

E-30.8.3 A ground fault monitoring system that can detect the loss of insulation between the line
conductors and earth ground shall be installed to provide warning of resistance of less than ___
ohms/VDC or 1000 ohms/VAC) between the source of voltage and any conductive surface. The
insulation monitoring device shall alarm at the first occurrence of a ground fault and shall
disconnect the electrical system if the fault is not cleared within 30 sec. - ANS-500

E-30.8.3 A ground fault monitoring system that can detect the loss of insulation between the line
conductors and earth ground shall be installed to provide warning of resistance of less than 500
ohms/VDC or ____ ohms/VAC) between the source of voltage and any conductive surface. The
insulation monitoring device shall alarm at the first occurrence of a ground fault and shall
disconnect the electrical system if the fault is not cleared within 30 sec. - ANS-1000

E-30.8.3 A ground fault monitoring system that can detect the loss of insulation between the line
conductors and earth ground shall be installed to provide warning of resistance of less than 500
ohms/VDC or 1000 ohms/VAC) between the source of voltage and any conductive surface. The
insulation monitoring device shall alarm at the first occurrence of a ground fault and shall
disconnect the electrical system if the fault is not cleared within__ sec. - ANS-30
E-30.9.1 Disconnectors (for safety isolation) shall be rated for the design current, voltage, and
potential ______________ current. - ANS-short-circuit fault

E-30.9.2 Contacts of the disconnector shall be located as close to the battery output terminals
as possible and within __ in (1.8m) measured along the conductor. - ANS-72

E-30.9.3 A disconnecter can function as a switch, if _______ for switching under load. -
ANS-rated

E-30.9.4 Switches shall not require tools to operate and shall be accessible from_______ the
battery box or enclosure. Remotely operated switches, if used, shall also permit safe manual
operation. - ANS-outside

E-30.9.5 Disconnectors shall______________ disconnect the positive and negative terminals of

the battery. - ANS-simultaneously

E-30.9.6 Automatic disconnect devices shall be manually reset either by remote or local means.
The reset procedures shall not expose the operator to hazardous voltages or the risk of
potential injury caused by arcing. NOTE: See __________ , Standard for Electrical Safety in the
Workplace for more information on arc flash protection boundaries. - ANS-NFPA 70E

E-30.9.7 The system manufacturer shall provide_____________ and installation requirements

for proper procedures to isolate and lock out power sources to prevent unintended contact with
energized components. - ANS-documentation

E-30.10.1 Control systems shall limit energy flow to prevent damage between the battery or
power sources and propulsion machinery in either direction. Special precautions shall be taken
in the case of permanently excited propulsion motors to prevent the generation of hazardous
system voltages under these circumstances. NOTES: 1. This requirement is in addition to
proper overcurrent protection as provided by _______, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats.
- ANS-ABYC E-11

E-30.10.1 Control systems shall limit energy flow to prevent damage between the battery or
power sources and propulsion machinery in either direction. Special precautions shall be taken
in the case of permanently excited propulsion motors to prevent the generation of hazardous
system voltages under these circumstances. NOTES: 2.The _______ may continue to rotate
when a vessel is under way caused by inertia of the rotating equipment or movement through
the water. - ANS-propeller(s)

E-30.10.2 The terminals on batteries that have a total voltage of __VDC or greater shall be at
least IP 2X when connected or disconnected. - ANS-60

E-30.10.2 The terminals on batteries that have a total voltage of 60VDC or greater shall be at
least _____ when connected or disconnected. - ANS-IP 2X
E-30.10.3 For batteries with terminals not protected against a direct contact, battery banks shall
be_______ into groups of less than 60 VDC. - ANS-broken

E-30.10.4 For self-contained battery packs of 60 VDC or more, there shall be readily accessible
disconnect means within _____ of the battery enclosure(s). - ANS-sight

E-30.1 0.5 Battery banks in excess of 60VDC shall be of the touch safe type or shall have
protection that requires the use of_____ for removal to protect against accidental contact. -
ANS-tools

E-30.11.1 All conductors shall be provided with overcurrent protection in accordance with ABYC
E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. EXCEPTION: Self-limiting devices. NOTE: E-11
-compliant breakers and fuses may not have adequate AIC ratings for circuits ____ 60 VDC and
300VAC (e.g., voltage, AIC rating and frequency). - ANS-over

E-30.11.2 Each battery or battery bank shall be protected by an overcurrent protection device
with a fault current rating according to the battery manufacturer's instructions or, if no
recommendation is available, at ___ times the amp hour rating of the battery or battery bank.
The overcurrent protection shall be located as close as practical to the battery terminals and
shall comply with the requirements of ABYC E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. -
ANS-100

E-30.12.1 Battery_________ shall meet the requirements of ABYC E-10, Storage Batteries. -
ANS-installations

E-30.12.2 Battery voltage and temperature monitoring shall be provided on battery banks per
each battery element and shall be _____ during discharge and charging operations. -
ANS-active

E-30.12.3 A warning shall be provided if any of the parameters exceed battery_____

specifications. - ANS-manufacturer's

E-30.13.1 All power cables shall be_____ against chafe and physical damage by installation in
conduit, dedicated cable trays, or by cable clamps or other secure methods which meet the
requirements of ABYC E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. - ANS-protected

E-30.13.2 High current conductors for the propulsion system shall not be______ in the same
wiring system as the vessel's AC or DC circuits, unless one of the following methods of
separation is used: - ANS-contained

E-30.13.2 High current conductors for the propulsion system shall not be contained in the same
wiring system as the vessel's AC or DC circuits, unless one of the following methods of
separation is used: E-30.13.2.1 installed in a physically________ conduit or cable tray or, -
ANS-separate

E-30.13.2 High current conductors for the propulsion system shall not be contained in the same
wiring system as the vessel's AC or DC circuits, unless one of the following methods of
separation is used: E-30.13.2.2 installed on a tray or ladder where physical separation is
provided by a________, or - ANS-partition

E-30.13.2 High current conductors for the propulsion system shall not be contained in the same
wiring system as the vessel's AC or DC circuits, unless one of the following methods of
separation is used: E-30.13.2.3 fixed directly to the surface and separated by at least _ inches
(100mm). - ANS-4

E-30.13.3 Dedicated motor inverter/controller power conductors, between the inverter/controller

and motor shall be designed and installed to minimize conducted or radiated
electromagnetic______. - ANS-emissions

E-30.13.4 All connections, other than to batteries and circuits under 60 VDC, shall be made in
__________ enclosures or the connections themselves shall be fire resistant. -
ANS-self-extinguishing

E-30.13.5 Self-limited power supplies shall be________ with a maximum current output
available. For power supplies not so labeled, see ABYC E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on
Boats for required circuit protection requirements. - ANS-labeled

E-30.13.6 Conductors should be permanently identified within at least _ inches (152.5 mm) of
the end of the conductor as to voltage and purpose (see ABYC E-11.) - ANS-6

E-30.13.7 All panelboards and switchboards should be protected as follows: LOCATION IP

ENCLOSURE RATING, Interior __ - ANS-N/A

E-30.13.7 All panelboards and switchboards should be protected as follows: LOCATION IP

ENCLOSURE RATING, Machinery___ - ANS-IP55

E-30.13.7 All panelboards and switchboards should be protected as follows: LOCATION IP

ENCLOSURE RATING, Wet____ - ANS-IP56

E-30.13.7 All panelboards and switchboards should be protected as follows: LOCATION IP

ENCLOSURE RATING, Damp____ - ANS-IP44

E-30.13.8 All conductors shall meet the requirements of: E-30.13.8.1 _____, National Electric
Code, or - ANS-NFPA 70
E-30.13.8 All conductors shall meet the requirements of: E-30.I3.8.2_______, High Voltage
Primary Cable, or - ANS-SAE J 1654

E-30.13.8 All conductors shall meet the requirements of: E-30.13.8.3 ________, Electrical
Installations in Ships - Part 353: Power cables for rated voltages 1 kV and 3 kV, or - ANS-IEC
60092.353

E-30.13.8 All conductors shall meet the requirements of: E-30.13.8.4 I________,
Recommended Practice for Electric Installations on Shipboard. - ANS-EEE 45

E-30.13.9 Conductor sizes shall be selected from TABLE 1, or according to the equipment
___________ specifications. - ANS-manufacturer's

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.1 _______ data including: - ANS-Battery group

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.1.1 _________ - ANS-battery technology/type

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.1.2 prospective ___________ in amperes - ANS-short circuit current

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.1.3 ________ and temperature requirements - ANS-ventilation

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.1.3 ventilation and _______ requirements - ANS-temperature

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.1.4 ________ - ANS-amp hours

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.2 ________ data including: - ANS-Generator

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.2 Generator data including: E-30.14.1.2.1 ________, power factor,
and frequency - ANS-power output

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.2 Generator data including: E-30.14.1.2.1 power output, _______,
and frequency - ANS-power factor
E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.2 Generator data including: E-30.14.1.2.1 power output, power factor,
and________ - ANS-frequency

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.2 Generator data including: E-30.14.1.2.2 maximum
operating_________ - ANS-temperature

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 __________ data including: - ANS-Propulsion motor

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 Propulsion motor data including: E-30.14.1.3.1 __________, power
factor, and frequency - ANS-power rating

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 Propulsion motor data including: E-30.14.1.3.1 power rating,
_____________, and frequency - ANS-power factor

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 Propulsion motor data including: E-30.14.1.3.1 power rating, power
factor, and __________ - ANS-frequency

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 Propulsion motor data including: E-30.14.1.3.2__________
performance - ANS-regeneration

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 Propulsion motor data including: E-30.14.1.3.3________ data -
ANS-braking

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.3 Propulsion motor data including: E-30.14.1.3.4 maximum operating
___________ - ANS-temperature

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.4 Charger data including: E-30.14.1.4.1 input and output
power,_______, and frequency - ANS-power factor

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.4 Charger data including: E-30.14.1.4.1 input and output_______,
power factor, and frequency - ANS-power
E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.4 Charger data including: E-30.14.1.4.1 input and output power,
power factor, and______ - ANS-frequency

E-30.14.1 The following minimum data shall be included in the system installation
documentation: E-30.14.1.4 Charger data including: E-30.14.1.4.3 maximum
operating________ - ANS-temperature

A-28.1 SCOPE This standard applies to the qualification and installation of galvanic isolators
used on boats equipped with alternating current (AC) shore power systems operating at
frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz, and less than 600V, wired in accordance with ABYC E-11, AC & DC
Electrical Systems on Boats and ABYC TEI-2, Three Phase AC Electrical Systems on Boats.
NOTE: Boats with_______ in contact with water are subject to galvanic corrosion when
connected to shore power as a result of connection to the common AC grounding conductor.
This connection will affect the vessel's cathodic protection system. The use of a galvanic isolator
may reduce these effects. - ANS-metal

A-28.4.1 ___________ (green or green with yellow stripe) -A protective conductor, which does
not normally carry current, used to connect the metallic, non-current carrying parts of electrical
equipment to the AC grounding system, engine negative terminal, or its bus, and to the shore
AC grounding conductor through the shore power cable AC grounding conductor. - ANS-AC
Grounding Conductor

A-28.4.2 ________-Fault Current Path -An intentionally constructed, permanent, low impedance
electrically conductive path designed and intended to carry current under ground-fault
conditions from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system to the electrical supply source and
that facilitates the operation of the overcurrent protection device. - ANS-Effective Ground

A-28.4.3 ________________-An isolator that, if after meeting all other criteria of this standard,
meets the requirements of an effective ground-fault current path when subjected to the test
conditions in Table 1. NOTE: The device will continue to provide grounding continuity but will not
provide galvanic isolation in the event of a failure. - ANS-Fail Safe Galvanic Isolator

A-28.4.4 ________________- The corrosion that occurs at the anode of a galvanic cell caused
by the flow of ions from the anode to the cathode through an electrolyte. - ANS-Galvanic
Corrosion

A-28.4.5 _____________ -An electrochemical cell consisting of two or more metals having
different corrosion potentials, electrically connected and in contact with a common body of
electrolyte. - ANS-Galvanic Cell

A-28.4.6 __________ The electric current that flows between metals or conductive non-metals
in a galvanic cell. - ANS-Galvanic Current
A-28.4.7 ____________ -A device installed in series with the shore power cable AC grounding
(green or green with yellow stripe) conductor to block low voltage DC galvanic current flow, but
permit the passage of alternating current normally associated with the shore power cable AC
grounding (green or green with yellow stripe) conductor. - ANS-Galvanic Isolator

A-28.4.8 Independent Laboratory-A laboratory that: A-28.4.8.1 is _______ as a regular part of

its business, in performing periodic inspections and tests that are the same as, or similar to, the
inspections and qualification tests required for the equipment or material being evaluated, -
ANS-engaged,

A-28.4.8 Independent Laboratory-A laboratory that: A-28.4.8.2 has, or has___________ to, the
apparatus, facilities, personnel, and calibrated instruments that are necessary to inspect and
test the equipment or material being evaluated, and - ANS-access

A-28.4.8.3 is not owned or controlled by: A-28.4.8.3.1 the______ of the equipment or material to
be inspected or tested or any similar equipment or material; - ANS-manufacturer

A-28.4.8.3 is not owned or controlled by: A-28.4.8.3.2 a_______ of the equipment or material to
be inspected or tested or a vendor of similar equipment or materials; or - ANS-vendor

A-28.4.8.3 is not owned or controlled by: A-28.4.8.3.3 a______ of materials to the manufacturer.
- ANS-supplier

A-28.4.9 ________ -An integral or external device that provides an indication of the inability of
the galvanic isolator to conduct AC current. - ANS-Status Monitor

A-28.5.1 Galvanic isolators shall be______ by an independent laboratory to establish

compliance with this standard. - ANS-tested

A-28.5.2 Galvanic isolators and their status monitors shall be provided with______ covering
installation requirements, including a complete set of electrical instructions with diagrams, and -
ANS-instructions

A-28.5.2 Galvanic isolators and their status monitors shall be provided with instructions covering
installation requirements, including a complete set of electrical instructions with diagrams, and
A-28.5.2.1 operation and in-service______ requirements, and - ANS-testing

A-28.5.2 Galvanic isolators and their status monitors shall be provided with instructions covering
installation requirements, including a complete set of electrical instructions with diagrams, and
A-28.5.2.2 for galvanic isolators providing studs or nuts for connection, the proper _________ of
the stud or nut. - ANS-tightening torque

A-28.5.3 All exposed materials used in galvanic isolators and mounting hardware shall
be______ resistant. - ANS-corrosion
A-28.5.4 Galvanic isolators using diodes shall use a _______ capacitor(s), or equivalent method
of meeting the requirements of A-28.12.4. - ANS-non-polarized

A-28.5.5 Galvanic isolator components shall be electrically isolated from the external housing so
that galvanic isolators can be mounted directly on a ___________. - ANS-conductive surface

A-28.5.6 For all electrical tests, all galvanic isolator components shall be tested to the
_________ criteria found in TABLE I. - ANS-fail safe

A-28.6.1 The galvanic isolator shall be connected in series with the shore power cable AC
grounding conductor (green or green with yellow stripe) in a manner that no other ground
conductor will bypass the isolator back to the shore power ground (see A-28 Figure I). NOTE: In
some__________ systems, there is a possibility of bypassing the galvanic isolator through
connection of additional ______ equipment (e.g., amplifier splitters, computer equipment, etc.).
Additional isolation may be required on shielded connections. - ANS-Community Antenna TV
(CATV)

A-28.6.2 All AC power inlets and all telecommunication inlets (e.g., cable, phone, etc.) shall be
________from hull and deck, if conductive, and wired so that no part of the grounding system
bypasses the isolator. - ANS-electrically isolated

A-28.6.3 The current rating of the galvanic isolator shall not be less than the rating of the
____________ disconnect circuit breaker as installed per ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical
Systems on Boats. - ANS-main shore power

A-28.6.4 The galvanic isolator shall be installed in a ventilated, dry and accessible location not
to exceed the ________ rating of the unit. - ANS-temperature

A-28.6.5 If installed, status monitor indicator(s) for the galvanic isolator shall be in an accessible
_________ and visible when operating the AC system. - ANS-location

A-28.6.6 If the status monitor is installed in a location where it will be subjected to rain or spray
the enclosure shall have a rating of__________ Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures
(IP Code) IP64 or NEMA 250 Type 4X. - ANS-IEC 60529

A-28.6.6 If the status monitor is installed in a location where it will be subjected to rain or spray
the enclosure shall have a rating of IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures
(IP Code)_____ or NEMA 250 Type 4X. - ANS-IP64

A-28.6.6 If the status monitor is installed in a location where it will be subjected to rain or spray
the enclosure shall have a rating of IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures
(IP Code) IP64 or ________. - ANS-NEMA 250 Type 4X
A-28.6.7 Conductor(s) shall be supported and/or clamped to relieve strain within _ inches of the
isolator case. - ANS-6

A-28.7.1 In dual shore power cord applications using a single isolator; the current rating of the
galvanic isolator shall not be less than the___ of the ratings of the main shore power disconnect
circuit breakers as per ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats. - ANS-sum

A-28.7.1.1 A grounding conductor shall be installed from each______ hull inlet to the AC shore
grounding connection on the galvanic isolator. - ANS-individual

A-28. 7.1.2 The ampacity of the grounding conductor from the point of connection on the
galvanic isolator to the boat's AC grounding system shall not be less than the sum of the ratings
of the __________ disconnect circuit breakers. - ANS-main shore power

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its ____________ shall be marked with the following
information: - ANS-status monitor

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.1 the ___________, and - ANS-manufacturer's identification

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.2 the product identification or __________, and - ANS-model number

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.3 the AC electrical system rating in __________ (e.g., I 20VAC, 60 Hz,
etc.), and - ANS-volts and hertz

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.4 the _____________ at 30°C (86 °F) if so rated, or at S0°C ( I 22°F) if so
rated, and - ANS-maximum current rating

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.5 the maximum __________ operating temperature (see A-28.11 ), and -
ANS-ambient

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.6 ___________ marking as follows: - ANS-ignition protection

A-28.8.1.6 ignition protection marking as follows: A-28.8.1.6.1 "Ignition Protected," if applicable,

identified by a marking such as "__________ Marine," or "ABYC C- 1500 Ignition Protected," or
"Ignition Protected," or - ANS-SAE J1171
A-28.8.1.6 ignition protection marking as follows: A-28.8.1.6.1 "Ignition Protected," if applicable,
identified by a marking such as "SAE JI 171 Marine," or "____________ Ignition Protected," or
"Ignition Protected," or - ANS-ABYC C- 1500

A-28.8.1.6 ignition protection marking as follows: A-28.8.1.6.2 "Not Ignition Protected," if

___________. Refer to ABYC E-1 I ,AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats, for more
information, and - ANS-applicable

A-28.8.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be marked with the following
information: A-28.8.1.7 "_________ per ABYC A-28" if applicable, and - ANS-Fail-Safe

A-28.8.1.7 "Fail-Safe per ABYC A-28" if applicable, and A-28.8.1.8 the identification of the
________________ that tested the device and the applicable standard. - ANS-independent
laboratory

A-28.8.2.1 Fail Safe Isolators shall be labeled indicating possible loss of galvanic isolation due
to a____________. NOTE: An example of such a label follows: - ANS-lightning strike

A-28.9.1 Galvanic isolators and their status monitors located in spaces requiring __________
protection per ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats shall be rated and marked
as_________ protected. - ANS-ignition

A-28.9.2 Galvanic isolators and their status monitors that are_______ as "Ignition Protected"
shall meet the requirements of ABYC C-1500 Ignition Protected Test for Marine Products, or
SAE J1171, External Ignition Protection of Marine Electrical Devices. - ANS-marked

A-28.10.1 The galvanic isolator shall be provided with wiring terminals or wire leads for
connection of conductors, having an ampacity that is ____% of its nominal rating (e.g., 30 amps
x 1.35 = 41 amps). - ANS-135

A-28.10.1.1 All _______________ shall be in accordance with ABYC E-11, AC and DC

Electrical Systems on Boats - ANS-external conductors

A-28.10.1.2 Quick-connect terminals shall___ be used on the AC grounding conductors. -

ANS-not

A-28.10.1.3 If provided, the AC ______ pigtails shall be green or green with a yellow stripe. -
ANS-grounding conductor

A-28.10.2 The galvanic isolator and its __________ shall be installed in accordance with ABYC
E-11, AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. - ANS-status monitor

A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on_______ other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: - ANS-pigtails
A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on pigtails other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: A-28.1 0.3.1 the circuit is rated not more than __ amperes or - ANS-20

A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on pigtails other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: A-28.10.3.2 the manufacturers rating for a terminal meets the requirements of _______
Electrical Quick Connect Terminals, or UL1059, Terminal Blocks, and - ANS-UL310

A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on pigtails other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: A-28.10.3.2 the manufacturers rating for a terminal meets the requirements of UL310
Electrical Quick Connect Terminals, or ________, Terminal Blocks, and - ANS-UL1059

A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on pigtails other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: A-28.10.3.3 the voltage drop from terminal to terminal does not exceed __mVDC for a
20 ADC current flow, and - ANS-50

A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on pigtails other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: A-28.10.3.3 the voltage drop from terminal to terminal does not exceed 50mVDC for a
__ADC current flow, and - ANS-20

A-28.10.3 Friction type connectors on pigtails other than the AC grounding conductors may be
used if: A-28.10.3.4 the connection does not separate if subjected for one minute to a _ pound
(27 Newton) tensile force along the axial direction of the connector on the first withdrawal.
NOTE: Circuits used in parallel are considered as the sum of the circuits not the value of the
individual components. - ANS-6

A-28.10.4 For isolators using studs or terminals for the connection of conductors, the tightening
torque of the bolt or stud connection shall be included in the _______________. -
ANS-installation instructions

A-28.10.5.1 Strain relief shall be provided for all wiring ________ through the galvanic isolator
case or its status monitor case to relieve strain on terminals, splices or internal wiring. NOTE:
For testing requirements see A-28.12.10.3.1. - ANS-passing

A-28.10.5.2 _________ shall not be the only means of connection for any isolator wiring
included in the current carrying components in the ground path. - ANS-Solder

A-28.10.5.3 Stud type and terminal block connectors for all isolator wiring shall be the
____________ types. - ANS-ring or captive spade

A-28.11.1 Galvanic Isolators and their status monitors shall have a minimum rating of
_________ when: - ANS-50° C (122° F)
A-28.11.1 Galvanic Isolators and their status monitors shall have a minimum rating of 50° C
(122° F) when: A-28.11.1.1 _________, and so marked, or - ANS-ignition protected

A-28.11.1 Galvanic Isolators and their status monitors shall have a minimum rating of 50° C
(122° F) when: A-28.11.1.2 intended for installation in_______ spaces. - ANS-machinery

A-28.11.2 Galvanic Isolators and their status monitors shall have a minimum rating of ________
when: - ANS-30° C (86 ° F)

A-28.11.2 Galvanic Isolators and their status monitors shall have a minimum rating of 30° C (86
° F) when: A-28.11.2.1 _________, or - ANS-not ignition protected

A-28.11.2 Galvanic Isolators and their status monitors shall have a minimum rating of 30° C (86
° F) when: A-28.11.2.2 not intended for installation in machinery spaces, and so________.
NOTE: For the purposes of rating galvanic isolators and status monitors, the ambient
temperature of machinery spaces is considered to be 50°C (122°F), and of all other spaces is
considered to be 30°C (86°F). - ANS-marked

A-28.12.1 The galvanic isolator shall be__________ in the sequence outlined in A-28 Figure 2,
Figure 10-1. - ANS-tested

A-28.12.2.1 The galvanic isolator shall be tested at ____% of rated voltage and current, for five
minutes using the test procedures outlined in A-28 APPENDIX I. - ANS-100

A-28.12.2.2 The galvanic isolator shall not introduce a voltage drop greater than ___volts at
100% of the galvanic isolators rated ampacity. - ANS-2.5

A-28.12.3. 1 The galvanic isolator shall be tested for galvanic _________ using the test
procedures outlined in A-28 APPENDIX 2. - ANS-current blocking

A-28.12.3.2 When a DC voltage of ___ volts is applied across the leads of a galvanic isolator,
the resultant current shall not exceed 0.030 amperes at an ambient temperature of 25°C (77
°F). - ANS-1

A-28.12.3.2 When a DC voltage of 1.0 volts is applied across the leads of a galvanic isolator,
the resultant current shall not exceed _____ amperes at an ambient temperature of 25°C (77
°F). - ANS-0.03

A-28.12.3.3 The test shall be repeated with the DC voltage applied with the________ polarity.
The resultant current shall not exceed 0.030 amperes. - ANS-opposite

A-28.12.4.1 The device shall be tested for galvanic current blocking with ___________ as
follows: - ANS-AC superimposed
A-28.12.4.1 The device shall be tested for galvanic current blocking with AC superimposed as
follows: A-28.12.4.1.1 the galvanic isolator shall be tested for its ability to block galvanic current
in the presence of an AC voltage________ on a DC voltage using the test procedure outlined in
A-28 APPENDIX 3; and - ANS-superimposed

A-28.12.4.1 The device shall be tested for galvanic current blocking with AC superimposed as
follows: A-28.12.4.1.2 when three amps RMS AC current is superimposed on a DC voltage
source of 0.5 volts across the terminals of the isolator, the resultant current shall be no more
than ______ amperes DC (see A-28 APPENDIX 3). - ANS-0.005

A-28.12.4.1.3 The test procedure, detailed in A-28.12.4.1.2, shall be______ with the opposite
polarity. - ANS-repeated

A-28.12.5.1 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be mounted on a test fixture in
such a manner as to simulate a normal ________. - ANS-installation

A-28.12.5.2 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be subjected to a variable
frequency vibration in each of the _ rectilinear axes (horizontal, lateral and vertical) for 4 hours
in each orientation, and at a peak to peak amplitude of 0.5 mm +/- 0.025 mm (0.020 inches +/-
0.001 inches). The frequency of vibration shall be varied continuously at a uniform rate, from 10
to 60 to 10 Hz every 4 minutes. - ANS-3

A-28.12.5.2 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be subjected to a variable
frequency vibration in each of the 3 rectilinear axes (horizontal, lateral and vertical) for _ hours
in each orientation, and at a peak to peak amplitude of 0.5 mm +/- 0.025 mm (0.020 inches +/-
0.001 inches). The frequency of vibration shall be varied continuously at a uniform rate, from 10
to 60 to 10 Hz every 4 minutes. - ANS-4

A-28.12.5.2 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be subjected to a variable
frequency vibration in each of the 3 rectilinear axes (horizontal, lateral and vertical) for 4 hours
in each orientation, and at a peak to peak amplitude of _________________. The frequency of
vibration shall be varied continuously at a uniform rate, from 10 to 60 to 10 Hz every 4 minutes.
- ANS-0.5 mm +/- 0.025 mm (0.020 inches +/- 0.001 inches)

A-28.12.5.2 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be subjected to a variable
frequency vibration in each of the 3 rectilinear axes (horizontal, lateral and vertical) for 4 hours
in each orientation, and at a peak to peak amplitude of 0.5 mm +/- 0.025 mm (0.020 inches +/-
0.001 inches). The frequency of vibration shall be varied continuously at a uniform rate, from
__Hz to 60Hz to __ Hz every 4 minutes. - ANS-10

A-28.12.5.2 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be subjected to a variable
frequency vibration in each of the 3 rectilinear axes (horizontal, lateral and vertical) for 4 hours
in each orientation, and at a peak to peak amplitude of 0.5 mm +/- 0.025 mm (0.020 inches +/-
0.001 inches). The frequency of vibration shall be varied continuously at a uniform rate, from
10Hz to __ Hz to 10 Hz every 4 minutes. - ANS-60

A-28.12.5.2 The galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be subjected to a variable
frequency vibration in each of the 3 rectilinear axes (horizontal, lateral and vertical) for 4 hours
in each orientation, and at a peak to peak amplitude of 0.5 mm +/- 0.025 mm (0.020 inches +/-
0.001 inches). The frequency of vibration shall be varied continuously at a uniform rate, from
10Hz to 60Hz to 10 Hz every 4 minutes. - ANS-4

A-28.12.5.3 On completion of the_________ test, the galvanic isolator and its status monitor
shall be examined for structural damage and loose components or terminations that may result
in a loss of electrical integrity. - ANS-vibration

A-28.12.5.4 The same test article shall then be subjected to the______ test in A-28.12.6. -
ANS-shock

A-28.12.6.1 The same galvanic isolator and its status monitor, as subjected to the vibration test,
shall be mounted on a test fixture in such a manner as to simulate the_________ recommended
installation. - ANS-manufacturers

A-28.12.6.1.1 The test fixture shall be mounted on a shock machine and subjected to
_________ vertical impacts of 10g acceleration (98.2 m/sec2), half sine with a duration of 16-20
milliseconds. - ANS-5,000

A-28.12.6.1.1 The test fixture shall be mounted on a shock machine and subjected to 5,000
vertical impacts of ___________________, half sine with a duration of 16-20 milliseconds. -
ANS-10g acceleration (98.2 m/sec2)

A-28.12.6.1.1 The test fixture shall be mounted on a shock machine and subjected to 5,000
vertical impacts of 10g acceleration (98.2 m/sec2), half sine with a duration of ________
milliseconds. - ANS-16-20

A-28.12.6.2 On completion of the shock test, the galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall be
examined for structural damage and loose components or terminations that may result in a ____
of electrical integrity. - ANS-loss

A-28.12.6.3 The same test article shall then be subjected to the _______ in A-28.12.7. -
ANS-temperature test

A-28.12.7.1 Galvanic isolators shall be tested at___% of their rated current until the temperature
is stabilized (see A-28 APPENDIX4) . - ANS-135

A-28.12.7.1.2 The status monitor shall be tested at its designed voltage________ with the
isolator. - ANS-concurrently
A-28.12.7.1.3 Galvanic isolators rated for__ amperes or less shall be tested for one hour at
135% of their rated current once temperature stabilization has been determined. Temperature
stabilization is defined as temperatures that do not vary more then +/- 5°C over a 30 minute
interval. - ANS-50

A-28.12.7.1.3 Galvanic isolators rated for 50 amperes or less shall be tested for one hour at
___% of their rated current once temperature stabilization has been determined. Temperature
stabilization is defined as temperatures that do not vary more then +/- 5°C over a 30 minute
interval. - ANS-135

A-28.12.7.1.3 Galvanic isolators rated for 50 amperes or less shall be tested for one hour at
135% of their rated current once temperature stabilization has been determined. Temperature
stabilization is defined as temperatures that do not vary more then +/- _°C over a 30 minute
interval. - ANS-5

A-28.12.7.1.3 Galvanic isolators rated for 50 amperes or less shall be tested for one hour at
135% of their rated current once temperature stabilization has been determined. Temperature
stabilization is defined as temperatures that do not vary more then +/- 5°C over a __ minute
interval. - ANS-30

A-28.12.7.2 The exterior surface temperature of the galvanic isolator and its status monitor shall
not exceed _____. - ANS-90°C ( 194°F)

A-28.12.7.3 Internal components of galvanic isolators and their status monitors shall not exceed
their individual _______. - ANS-temperature rating

A-28.12.7.4 The same test article shall then be subjected to the short circuit test in A-28.12.8.
NOTE: A second modified test article may be added to this test sequence for __________
purposes. - ANS-data acquisition

A-28.12.8.1 The galvanic isolator shall be tested for its ability to withstand the application of
power from a short circuit test source capable of delivering ___________ symmetrically through
the isolator as specified in TABLE I (TABLE 10-1). - ANS-AC current (RMS)

A-28.12.8.2 Three applications of short circuit current shall be applied to the galvanic isolator
being tested. The duration of each short circuit test shall be at least one full cycle. Each short
circuit test shall be applied immediately after the test equipment has been reset to the ________
from the previous test. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the isolator shall be
unchanged. - ANS-operational mode

A-28.12.9.1 A galvanic isolator is considered fail-safe if, after meeting all other criteria of this
standard, it meets the requirements of an effective _____ path when subject to the test
conditions in TABLE I (TABLE I 0-2). - ANS-ground-fault current
A-28.12.9.2 In addition to the unit that has completed the A-28 qualification testing, an additional
_ test articles will be subjected to this test and the short circuit test in A-28.12.8. - ANS-4

A-28.12.10.1 Galvanic isolators that provide wiring terminals or studs for connection of
conductors shall be tested for tightening torque. The manufacturer shall assign a value of
_________ considered appropriate for the design of the connector and according to the
requirements for the products in which the connector is intended to be used. Test samples are
to be prepared using this value of torque. - ANS-tightening torque

A-28.12.10.2 Upon completion of Shock and Vibration tests torque shall be checked and shall
be within +/- __% of the manufacturer's recommended tightening torque. - ANS-10

A-28.12.10.3 Galvanic isolators that provide pigtail conductors for connections of the
______________ must meet the strain relief test. - ANS-AC grounding conductor(s)

A-28.12.10.3.1 The strain relief means provided on the AC grounding conductor(s) shall
withstand for one minute without displacement a direct pull of ______________ applied to the
conductor(s), with the connections within the galvanic isolator disconnected. The strain relief is
not acceptable if, at the point of disconnection of the conductors, there is such movement of the
conductor(s) as to indicate that stress on the connections would have resulted. - ANS-35
pounds ( 155 Newtons)

A-28.12.10.4 The same test article shall then _______ the tests in A-28.12.2, A-28.12.3 and
A-28.12.4. - ANS-repeat

A-28-APPENDIX 1-AC CONDUCTIVITY TEST The galvanic isolator shall be tested at ___% of
rated voltage and current, for 5 minutes, in series, connected to a resistive load. The galvanic
isolator shall not introduce a voltage drop greater than 2.5 volts at ___% of the galvanic isolator
ampacity rating. The ammeter shall have a resolution of at least +/- 1mA. (See A-28.12.2.1, and
A-28.12.2.2). - ANS-100

A-28-APPENDIX 1-AC CONDUCTIVITY TEST The galvanic isolator shall be tested at 100% of
rated voltage and current, for 5 minutes, in series, connected to a resistive load. The galvanic
isolator shall not introduce a voltage drop greater than ___ volts at 100% of the galvanic isolator
ampacity rating. The ammeter shall have a resolution of at least +/- 1mA. (See A-28.12.2.1, and
A-28.12.2.2). - ANS-2.5

A-28-APPENDIX 1-AC CONDUCTIVITY TEST The galvanic isolator shall be tested at 100% of
rated voltage and current, for _ minutes, in series, connected to a resistive load. The galvanic
isolator shall not introduce a voltage drop greater than 2.5 volts at 100% of the galvanic isolator
ampacity rating. The ammeter shall have a resolution of at least +/- 1mA. (See A-28.12.2.1, and
A-28.12.2.2). - ANS-5
A-28-APPENDIX 1-AC CONDUCTIVITY TEST The galvanic isolator shall be tested at 100% of
rated voltage and current, for 5 minutes, in series, connected to a resistive load. The galvanic
isolator shall not introduce a voltage drop greater than 2.5 volts at 100% of the galvanic isolator
ampacity rating. The ammeter shall have a resolution of at least +/- _mA. (See A-28.12.2.1, and
A-28.12.2.2). - ANS-1

A-28 -APPENDIX 2 -ELECTRICAL TEST PROCEDURES FOR GALVANIC CURRENT

BLOCKING The galvanic isolator shall be connected in series with a variable DC power supply
as shown below. The supply shall be capable of adjusting the voltage output in fine increments
in establishing the exact barrier voltage or intrinsic junction voltage. Once the device is biased
into conduction, measurements shall be taken of the resultant current. The ammeter shall have
a resolution of at least+/- _milliampere. The voltmeter shall have a resolution of at least +/-1
millivolt. The connection diagram is shown below (see A-28.12.3.1 through A-28.12.3.3). -
ANS-1

A-28-APPENDIX 3 - GALVANIC CURRENT BLOCKING WITH AC SUPERIMPOSED The

purpose of this test is to confirm that a small AC voltage, which can exist dockside when
superimposed on a DC voltage created by galvanic potential between _ metals, can bias the
device to a higher level of conduction, thereby increasing galvanic corrosion. (See A-28.12.4.1
through A-28.11.4.1.3). The circuit consists of a variac, step down isolation transformer, 25,000
μf bypass capacitor, DC power supply, load resistor and galvanic isolator. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least+/- 1mA and the voltmeter shall have a resolution of at least +/-
1mV. The AC voltage should be increased until an AC current (RMS) of three amps is measured
through the isolator. The DC supply is adjusted so that a DC potential of 0.50 volts is measured
across the terminals of the isolator. The resultant DC current through the isolator shall not be in
excess of - ANS-2

A-28-APPENDIX 3 - GALVANIC CURRENT BLOCKING WITH AC SUPERIMPOSED The

purpose of this test is to confirm that a small AC voltage, which can exist dockside when
superimposed on a DC voltage created by galvanic potential between two metals, can bias the
device to a higher level of conduction, thereby increasing galvanic corrosion. (See A-28.12.4.1
through A-28.11.4.1.3). The circuit consists of a variac, step down isolation transformer,
________μf bypass capacitor, DC power supply, load resistor and galvanic isolator. The
ammeter shall have a resolution of at least+/- 1mA and the voltmeter shall have a resolution of
at least +/- 1mV. The AC voltage should be increased until an AC current (RMS) of three amps
is measured through the isolator. The DC supply is adjusted so that a DC potential of 0.50 volts
is measured across the terminals of the isolator. The resultant DC current through the isolator
shall not be in excess - ANS-25,000

A-28-APPENDIX 3 - GALVANIC CURRENT BLOCKING WITH AC SUPERIMPOSED The

purpose of this test is to confirm that a small AC voltage, which can exist dockside when
superimposed on a DC voltage created by galvanic potential between two metals, can bias the
device to a higher level of conduction, thereby increasing galvanic corrosion. (See A-28.12.4.1
through A-28.11.4.1.3). The circuit consists of a variac, step down isolation transformer, 25,000
μf bypass capacitor, DC power supply, load resistor and galvanic isolator. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least+/- _mA and the voltmeter shall have a resolution of at least +/-
_mV. The AC voltage should be increased until an AC current (RMS) of three amps is measured
through the isolator. The DC supply is adjusted so that a DC potential of 0.50 volts is measured
across the terminals of the isolator. The resultant DC current through the isolator shall not be in
excess o - ANS-1

A-28-APPENDIX 3 - GALVANIC CURRENT BLOCKING WITH AC SUPERIMPOSED The

purpose of this test is to confirm that a small AC voltage, which can exist dockside when
superimposed on a DC voltage created by galvanic potential between two metals, can bias the
device to a higher level of conduction, thereby increasing galvanic corrosion. (See A-28.12.4.1
through A-28.11.4.1.3). The circuit consists of a variac, step down isolation transformer, 25,000
μf bypass capacitor, DC power supply, load resistor and galvanic isolator. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least+/- 1mA and the voltmeter shall have a resolution of at least +/-
1mV. The AC voltage should be increased until an AC current (RMS) of three amps is measured
through the isolator. The DC supply is adjusted so that a DC potential of ___ volts is measured
across the terminals of the isolator. The resultant DC current through the isolator shall not be in
excess of - ANS-0.5

A-28-APPENDIX 3 - GALVANIC CURRENT BLOCKING WITH AC SUPERIMPOSED The

purpose of this test is to confirm that a small AC voltage, which can exist dockside when
superimposed on a DC voltage created by galvanic potential between two metals, can bias the
device to a higher level of conduction, thereby increasing galvanic corrosion. (See A-28.12.4.1
through A-28.11.4.1.3). The circuit consists of a variac, step down isolation transformer, 25,000
μf bypass capacitor, DC power supply, load resistor and galvanic isolator. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least+/- 1mA and the voltmeter shall have a resolution of at least +/-
1mV. The AC voltage should be increased until an AC current (RMS) of three amps is measured
through the isolator. The DC supply is adjusted so that a DC potential of 0.50 volts is measured
across the terminals of the isolator. The resultant DC current through the isolator shall not be in
excess o - ANS-0.005

A-28-APPENDIX 3 - GALVANIC CURRENT BLOCKING WITH AC SUPERIMPOSED The

purpose of this test is to confirm that a small AC voltage, which can exist dockside when
superimposed on a DC voltage created by galvanic potential between two metals, can bias the
device to a higher level of conduction, thereby increasing galvanic corrosion. (See A-28.12.4.1
through A-28.11.4.1.3). The circuit consists of a variac, step down isolation transformer, 25,000
μf bypass capacitor, DC power supply, load resistor and galvanic isolator. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least+/- 1mA and the voltmeter shall have a resolution of at least +/-
1mV. The AC voltage should be increased until an AC current (RMS) of three amps is measured
through the isolator. The DC supply is adjusted so that a DC potential of 0.50 volts is measured
across the terminals of the isolator. The resultant DC current through the isolator shall not be in
excess o - ANS-60
A-28 -APPENDIX 4 - LOADTEST ()))%) vs. TEMPERATURE Thermocouples shall be placed in
critical locations on the isolator body and its internal components. The isolator shall be mounted
as intended on a 1/2-inch piece of plywood. The unit shall be placed in series with an AC power
supply, ammeter, and load resistor.as shown. The power supply shall be adjusted to allow ___%
of rated current to be conducted through the isolator. The current shall be maintained until
temperatures stabilize. The galvanic isolator shall be designed so that no exterior surface
exceeds 90°C (194°F). (See sections A-28.12.7.1 through A-28.12.7.4.) All data shall be
recorded using a digital temperature and computerized data logger. The ammeter shall have a
resolution of at least +/- 1 mA. For galvanic isolators that are not intended for installation in
machinery areas or ignition protected areas, the thermocoupled sample shall be preconditioned
- ANS-135

A-28 -APPENDIX 4 - LOADTEST (135%) vs. TEMPERATURE Thermocouples shall be placed

in critical locations on the isolator body and its internal components. The isolator shall be
mounted as intended on a _-inch piece of plywood. The unit shall be placed in series with an AC
power supply, ammeter, and load resistor.as shown. The power supply shall be adjusted to allow
135% of rated current to be conducted through the isolator. The current shall be maintained until
temperatures stabilize. The galvanic isolator shall be designed so that no exterior surface
exceeds 90°C (194°F). (See sections A-28.12.7.1 through A-28.12.7.4.) All data shall be
recorded using a digital temperature and computerized data logger. The ammeter shall have a
resolution of at least +/- 1 mA. For galvanic isolators that are not intended for installation in
machinery areas or ignition protected areas, the thermocoupled sample shall be preconditioned
fo - ANS-1/2

A-28 -APPENDIX 4 - LOADTEST (135%) vs. TEMPERATURE Thermocouples shall be placed

in critical locations on the isolator body and its internal components. The isolator shall be
mounted as intended on a 1/2-inch piece of plywood. The unit shall be placed in series with an
AC power supply, ammeter, and load resistor.as shown. The power supply shall be adjusted to
allow 135% of rated current to be conducted through the isolator. The current shall be
maintained until temperatures stabilize. The galvanic isolator shall be designed so that no
exterior surface exceeds _____. (See sections A-28.12.7.1 through A-28.12.7.4.) All data shall
be recorded using a digital temperature and computerized data logger. The ammeter shall have
a resolution of at least +/- 1 mA. For galvanic isolators that are not intended for installation in
machinery areas or ignition protected areas, the thermocoupled sample shall be preconditioned
for 2 h - ANS-90°C (194°F)

A-28 -APPENDIX 4 - LOADTEST (135%) vs. TEMPERATURE Thermocouples shall be placed

in critical locations on the isolator body and its internal components. The isolator shall be
mounted as intended on a 1/2-inch piece of plywood. The unit shall be placed in series with an
AC power supply, ammeter, and load resistor.as shown. The power supply shall be adjusted to
allow 135% of rated current to be conducted through the isolator. The current shall be
maintained until temperatures stabilize. The galvanic isolator shall be designed so that no
exterior surface exceeds 90°C (194°F). (See sections A-28.12.7.1 through A-28.12.7.4.) All data
shall be recorded using a digital temperature and computerized data logger. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least +/-_ mA. For galvanic isolators that are not intended for installation
in machinery areas or ignition protected areas, the thermocoupled sample shall be
preconditioned f - ANS-1

A-28 -APPENDIX 4 - LOADTEST (135%) vs. TEMPERATURE Thermocouples shall be placed

in critical locations on the isolator body and its internal components. The isolator shall be
mounted as intended on a 1/2-inch piece of plywood. The unit shall be placed in series with an
AC power supply, ammeter, and load resistor.as shown. The power supply shall be adjusted to
allow 135% of rated current to be conducted through the isolator. The current shall be
maintained until temperatures stabilize. The galvanic isolator shall be designed so that no
exterior surface exceeds 90°C (194°F). (See sections A-28.12.7.1 through A-28.12.7.4.) All data
shall be recorded using a digital temperature and computerized data logger. The ammeter shall
have a resolution of at least +/- 1 mA. For galvanic isolators that are not intended for installation
in machinery areas or ignition protected areas, the thermocoupled sample shall be
preconditioned - ANS-2

A-28 -APPENDIX 5 - SHORT CIRCUITTEST The galvanic isolator shall be tested for its ability
to withstand the application of power from a short circuit test source capable of delivering
_________ symmetrically through the isolator as specified in AP S TABLE I, TABLE I 0-1. (See
sections A-28.12.8.1 through A-28.12.8.l.). Three applications of short circuit current shall be
applied to the galvanic isolator being tested. The duration of each short circuit test shall be at
least one full cycle. Each short circuit test shall be applied immediately after the test equipment
has been reset to the operational mode from the previous test. The electrical and mechanical
characteristics of the isolator shall be unchanged. - ANS-AC current (RMS)