Questions

EXT 1: Functions (Ext1), F2 Polynomials (Y11)

1. Functions, EXT1 F2 2016 HSC 2 MC
Remainder and Factor Theorems (Ext1)
Sum, Products and Multiplicity of Roots (Ext1) What is the remainder when is divided by ?
(A)
Teacher: Debbie Simmons (B)
Exam Equivalent Time: 147 minutes (based on HSC allocation of 1.5 minutes approx.
(C)
per mark)
(D)

2. Functions, EXT1 F2 2013 HSC 1 MC

The polynomial has a factor .
What is the value of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTION
Polynomials in the new Ext1 course is primarily taken from the old Ext1 course, 3. Functions, EXT1 F2 2017 HSC 1 MC
although some content from the old Ext2 course is also included.
Which polynomial is a factor of ?
This topic has been split into two categories for analysis purposes which are: 1- A.
Remainder and Factor Theorems (2.1%) and 2-Sum, Products and Multiplicity of Roots
B.
(1.4%).
C.
This analysis looks at Sum, Products and Multiplicity of Roots.
D.
HSC ANALYSIS - What to expect and common pitfalls
Sum, Products and Multiplicity of Roots (1.4%) has been examined 6 times in the last 9 4. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2015 HSC 4 MC
Ext1 exams, primarily via multiple choice questions. The polynomial has a double root at
The removal of Polynomials from the new Ext2 syllabus create the possibility that What is the value of
Sum, Products and Multiplicity of Roots could be examined to a greater degree of
difficulty than in the past, in our view. (A)

The 2020 exam tested this topic area via a multiple choice question and a very (B)
challenging cross-topic question with trigonometry (see 2020 Adv 14b).
(C)
Numerous Ext2 past questions that are now examinable within the new Ext1 course
are included in the database - a number focus on the multiplicity of roots which we (D)
regard as an important revision area.
5. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 MET2-N 3 MC 9. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2017 HSC 5 MC

If is a factor of , where , then the value of is The polynomial has roots , and .
A. 7 What is the value of ?
B. 4 A.
C. 1 B.
D. –2 C.
D.
6. Functions, EXT1 F2 2015 HSC 1 MC

What is the remainder when is divided by ? 10. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2018 HSC 3 MC
(A) The cubic equation has roots, , and .
(B)
Which cubic equation has roots ?
(C)

(D) A.

B.
7. Functions, EXT1 F2 2012 HSC 3 MC C.
A polynomial equation has roots , , where D.
, , .

Which polynomial equation has the roots , , and ? 11. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2019 HSC 4 MC
(A) The polynomial has roots 1 and – 3, with one of them being a double root.
(B) What is a possible value of ?
(C) A. – 10

(D) B. –5
C. 5

8. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2012 HSC 5 MC D. 10

The equation has roots , and .

What is the value of ?

(A)

(B)

(C)
(D)
12. Functions, EXT1 F2 2020 HSC 5 MC 14. Functions, EXT1 F2 2013 HSC 4 MC
A monic polynomial of degree 4 has one repeated zero of multiplicity 2 and is divisible by Which diagram best represents the graph ?
.
Which of the following could be the graph of ?

A. B.

C. D.

13. Functions, EXT1 F2 2012 HSC 8 MC

When the polynomial is divided by , the remainder is .
What is the remainder when is divided by ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
15. Functions, EXT1 F2 2014 HSC 5 MC
Which group of three numbers could be the roots of the polynomial equation
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
16. Functions, EXT1 F2 2014 HSC 9 MC 18. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 HSC 7 MC

The remainder when the polynomial is divided by is Let where and are constants, . One of the zeros of
. is .
What is the value of ? Given that is a zero of , which of the following is also a zero?
(A)
A.
(B)
(C) B.
(D)
C.
17. Functions, EXT1 F2 2016 HSC 10 MC
D.
Consider the polynomial with and positive.

Which graph could represent ?

19. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2016 HSC 2 MC
Which polynomial has a multiple root at

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

20. Functions, EXT1 F2 2018 HSC 11a

Consider the polynomial .

i. Show that is a zero of . (1 mark)

ii. Find the other zeros. (2 marks)

21. Functions, EXT1 F2 2020 HSC 11a

Let .

i. Show that . (1 mark)

ii. Hence, factor the polynomial as , where is a quadratic polynomial. (2

marks)

22. Functions, EXT1 F2 2015 HSC 11f

Consider the polynomials and .

i. Given that is divisible by , show that . (1 mark)

ii. Find all the zeros of when . (2 marks)

23. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 HSC 11d 31. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2018 HSC 11b

Find the polynomial that satisfies . (2 marks) The polynomial has a zero at and a double zero at 4.
Find the values of , and . (3 marks)

24. Functions, EXT1 F2 2007 HSC 2c

32. Functions, EXT1 F2 2008 HSC 2c
The polynomial has a zero at . When is divided by ,
the remainder is .
The polynomial is given by , where and are
Find the values of and . (3 marks) constants.
The three zeros of are , and .
25. Functions, EXT1 F2 2009 HSC 2a Find the value of . (3 marks)

The polynomial has a remainder of when divided by and a

remainder of when divided by . 33. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2017 HSC 12d
Find the values of and . (3 marks) Let be a polynomial.

i. Given that is a factor of , show that

26. Functions, EXT1 F2 2011 HSC 2a
. (2 marks)
Let be a polynomial, where is a real number.
When is divided by the remainder is .
ii. Given that the polynomial has a factor , find the value
Find the remainder when is divided by . (3 marks) of . (2 marks)

27. Functions, EXT1 F2 2008 HSC 1a 34. Functions, EXT1 F2 SM-Bank 2

The polynomial is divided by . Calculate the remainder. (2 marks) The polynomial has roots .
i. Find the value of . (1 mark)

28. Functions, EXT1 F2 2013 HSC 11a ii. Find the value of . (1 mark)

The polynomial equation has roots , and . iii. It is known that two of the roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.

Find . (1 mark)
Find the third root and hence find the value of . (2 marks)

29. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2014 HSC 14a 35. Functions, EXT1 F2 2004 HSC 3b
Let . Let , where is a polynomial and and
are real numbers.
Show that is a root of of multiplicity three. (2 marks)
When is divided by the remainder is .

30. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2017 HSC 13b When is divided by the remainder is .
i. What is the value of ? (1 mark)
Let and be real numbers. Suppose that has roots
ii. What is the remainder when is divided by ? (2 marks)
where .

Prove that . (2 marks)

36. Functions, EXT1 F2 2010 HSC 2c 39. Functions, EXT1 F2 SM-Bank 1
Let , The equation has 2 roots which are reciprocals of each other.
where is a polynomial and and are real numbers. Find the value of . (2 marks)

The polynomial has a factor of .

When is divided by the remainder is . 40. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2007 HSC 3b

i. Find the values of and . (2 marks) The zeros of are and
ii. Find the remainder when is divided by . (1 mark) Find a cubic polynomial with integer coefficients whose zeros are and (2 marks)

37. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2013 HSC 15b 41. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2009 HSC 3c
The polynomial has remainder when divided by . Let , where and are real numbers.
The polynomial has a double root at
Find the values of and given that is a factor of (3 marks)

i. Show that (2 marks)

ii. Hence, or otherwise, find the slope of the tangent to the graph when (1 mark)
42. Functions, EXT1 F2 SM-Bank 5
The polynomial has real roots , and .
38. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 HSC 14b i. Explain why . (1 mark)

ii. Show that . (1 mark)

The diagram shows the graph of , where is a positive real number.
iii. Show that . (2 marks)

43. Functions, EXT1 F2 2006 HSC 4a

The cubic polynomial . where and are real numbers, has
three real zeros, and
i. Find the value of (1 mark)

ii. Find the value of (2 marks)

44. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2016 HSC 13d

Suppose with and real,

i. Deduce that if then cuts the -axis only once. (2 marks)

ii. If , what is the multiplicity of the root (2

marks)
By considering the graphs of and , explain why the function

has exactly one real zero. (2 marks)

45. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2019 HSC 16ai Worked Solutions
Consider the equation , where and are real numbers and .
1. Functions, EXT1 F2 2016 HSC 2 MC
Let and .

Show that is a root of .

You may use the result . (Do NOT prove this.) (2 marks)

2. Functions, EXT1 F2 2013 HSC 1 MC

46. Trigonometry, EXT1 T3 2020 HSC 14b

i. Show that . (2 marks)

ii. By letting in the cubic equation .

Show that . (2 marks)

iii. Prove that . (3 marks)

3. Functions, EXT1 F2 2017 HSC 1 MC

Copyright © 2004-20 The State of New South Wales (Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW)

4. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2015 HSC 4 MC

5. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 MET2-N 3 MC 8. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2012 HSC 5 MC

6. Functions, EXT1 F2 2015 HSC 1 MC 9. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2017 HSC 5 MC

7. Functions, EXT1 F2 2012 HSC 3 MC

10. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2018 HSC 3 MC 11. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2019 HSC 4 MC
12. Functions, EXT1 F2 2020 HSC 5 MC 15. Functions, EXT1 F2 2014 HSC 5 MC

16. Functions, EXT1 F2 2014 HSC 9 MC

13. Functions, EXT1 F2 2012 HSC 8 MC

14. Functions, EXT1 F2 2013 HSC 4 MC

17. Functions, EXT1 F2 2016 HSC 10 MC 19. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2016 HSC 2 MC

20. Functions, EXT1 F2 2018 HSC 11a

i.

ii.

18. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 HSC 7 MC

Mean mark 51%.

21. Functions, EXT1 F2 2020 HSC 11a 23. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 HSC 11d

i.

ii.

22. Functions, EXT1 F2 2015 HSC 11f 24. Functions, EXT1 F2 2007 HSC 2c

i.

ii.
25. Functions, EXT1 F2 2009 HSC 2a 27. Functions, EXT1 F2 2008 HSC 1a

MARKER'S COMMENT: "Grave

concern" that many who found
stated the
remainder was 27.

28. Functions, EXT1 F2 2013 HSC 11a

29. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2014 HSC 14a

26. Functions, EXT1 F2 2011 HSC 2a

30. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2017 HSC 13b 32. Functions, EXT1 F2 2008 HSC 2c

31. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2018 HSC 11b

MARKER'S COMMENT: Many

students displayed
significant inefficiencies in solving
simultaneous equations.
33. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2017 HSC 12d 34. Functions, EXT1 F2 SM-Bank 2

i. i.

ii.

iii.

ii.

35. Functions, EXT1 F2 2004 HSC 3b

i.

(ii)
36. Functions, EXT1 F2 2010 HSC 2c 37. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2013 HSC 15b
i. i.

ii.

COMMENT: This question requires

a fundamental understanding of
the remainder theorem. Ensure ii.
you are comfortable with this
solution.
38. Functions, EXT1 F2 2019 HSC 14b 39. Functions, EXT1 F2 SM-Bank 1

COMMENT: Substituting
into the equation
solves this question efficiently.

`
40. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2007 HSC 3b 41. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2009 HSC 3c

42. Functions, EXT1 F2 SM-Bank 5

i.

ii.

iii.
43. Functions, EXT1 F2 2006 HSC 4a 44. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2016 HSC 13d

i. i.

ii.

ii.

♦♦ Mean mark 32%.

45. Functions, EXT1′ F2 2019 HSC 16ai 46. Trigonometry, EXT1 T3 2020 HSC 14b

i.
♦ Mean mark 49%.

ii.

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (iii) 21%.

iii.
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