WVNS 221 Memo

WVNS 22
TEST 1
Government should contribute to the funding of public universities
Die regering behoort by te dra tot die befondsing van openbare universiteite
True
False
Answer Key: True
The functions of public universities are to do research, to do community service and to teach
Die funksie van openbare universiteite is om navorsing te doen, gemeenskapsdiens te verrig sowel
as om studente op te lei
True
False
Answer Key: True
An academic’s status is mainly determined by how well he/she presents classes
'n Akademikus se status word veral bepaal deur hoe goed daardie persoon kan klasgee
True
False
Answer Key: False
The SA government’s strategy to fund research at universities in natural sciences and engineering
excludes partnerships with the private sector
Daar is geen samewerking tussen die regering en die privaatsektor in SA rakende befondsing van
navorsing in natuurwetenskap en ingenieurswese nie
True
False
Answer Key: False
Funding of research by the SA government is increasing
Befondsing van navorsing aan SA universiteite deur die staat word elke jaar meer
True
False
Answer Key: False
An NRF rating is valid for 5 years
;n NRF-gradering is slegs geldig vir 5 jaar
True
False
Answer Key: True
An NRF rating takes into account the quality of your research and how well you can present classes
'n NRF gradering hang af van die kwaliteit van jou navorsing sowel as hoe goed jy kan klasgee
True
False
Answer Key: False
Protests against apartheid led to a centralistic research policy in SA during the 1960’s, 1970’s and
1980’s
Pprotes teen apartheid in die 1960's tot die 1980's het gelei tot 'n sentralistiese navorsingsbeleid in
SA gedurende daardie tyd
True
False
Answer Key: True
Science, Technology and Society is the field of study that involves the study of ______? . Wetenskap,
tegnologie en samelewing bestudeer_______?
a) The influence of science on the society / die invloed van wetenskap op die samelewing
b) The influence of technology on the society / die invloed van tegnologie op die samelewing
c) The influence of science on technology / die invloed van wetenskap op tegnologie
d) The influence of the society on technology / die invloed van die samelewing op tegnologie
e) The influence of the society on science / die invloed van die samelewing op wetenskap
f) The influence of technology on science / die invloed van tegnologie op wetenskap
A. The correct answers are (a) and (b) / Die korrekte antwoorde is (a) en (b)
B.The correct answers are (d) and (e) / Die korrekte antwoorde is (d) en (e)
C. The correct answers are (a), (c), (e) and (f) / Die korrekte antwoorde is (a), (c), (e), en (f)
D. The correct answers are (a), (b), (d) and (e) / Die korrekte antwoorde is (a), (b), (d) en (e)
E.The answers are all correct / Almal is korrek
Answer Key: E
Currently the vision of research favoured by the government is: Die huidige navorsingsvisie van die
SA regering is:
A. University patronage / Universiteits-patronaatskap
B. Endless frontiers / eindelose grense
C. Centralism / Sentralisme
D. Strategic science / Strategiese wetenskap
E. Commercialist / Kommersialisme
Answer key: E
How many chapters does the Reader for this module have? Hoeveel hoofstukke het die Diktaat vir
hierdie module?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 6
D. 5
Answer Key: A
How many assignments do you have to submit in this module? Hoeveel werksopdragte moet jy
indien vir hierdie module?
A. 7
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Answer Key: B
How will your final mark be calculated in this module? Hoe word jou finale punt bepaal in hierdie
module?
A. Not one of the above / Nie een van bogenoemde nie
B. Efundi tests (25%), assignments (25%), a semester test (25%) and an exam paper (25%) / Efundi
toetse(25%), werksopdrage (25%), 'n semester toets (25%) en 'n eksamenvraestel (25%)
C. Continual assessment comprising of online Efundi tests and assignments / Deurlopende

assessering bestaande uit aanlyn-Efundi-toetse sowel as werksopdragte
D. Participation mark calculated from class tests and semester test (50%), and a exam paper
(50%) / Deelnamepunt wat bereken word vanuit die klastoetse en die semestertoets (50%), en 'n
eksamenvraestel (50%)
Answer Key: C
Test 2
Part 1 of 1 - / 16.0 Points
Question 1 of 17 1.0 Points
Patenting the “Cotton-gin” in the USA led to a reduction in the number of slaves
True
False
Answer Key: False
Bruno Latour, Karl Popper en Thomas Kuhn were ______.
A. Essentialists
B. Modernists
C. Epistemologic anargists
D. Traditionalists
Answer Key: A
“Falsification” was proposed by?
A. Kuhn
B. Latour
C. Popper
D. Feyerabend
Answer Key: C
Falsification implies that…..
A. Science is false
B. Science is true
C. All scientific knowledge is provisional
D. Only some facts can be proven
Answer Key: C
Kuhn is well known for ….?
A. Constructionism
B. Deductions
C. Axioms
D. Paradigm shifts
Answer Key: D
STS studies science and engineering from a _____perspective:
A. Social constructivist
B. Post modern
C. Factual
D. Paradigmatic
Answer Key: D
Which answer is NOT an example of theorems that were conceived within conflicting, concurrent
paradigms (making them practically irreconcilable)?
A. Heliocentrism
B. Quantum mechanics
C. Newtonian physics
D. Organic chemistry
Answer Key: D
The question “ Why does a cellphone look like it looks, and could it have looked differently?” is
typical of ____?
A. Social studies
B. Technological studies
C. Studies of science
D. Philosophy
Answer Key: B
The origin of Technology assessment relates to the Club of _____?
A. Konstantinopel
B. Budapest
C. Rome
D. Washington
Answer Key: C
The current appearance and functionality of cellphones are mainly the result of ____?
A. Innovation studies
B. SCOT
C. Technology assessment
D. Technological determinism
Answer Key: B
The prominence of (and obsession with) the Banting diet is a classic example of ______ in science.
A. Falsification
B. Paradigm shift
C. Constructionist science progress
D. All the above
Answer Key: D
Karl Popper said that:
A. "One should try to prove scientific theories FALSE, not prove them true (Falsification)."
B. "That science doesn't work according to Falsification."
C. "Understanding science must not be isolated by or limited to a specific view, but that it must in
a pragmatic way rather take cognisance of the context in which science is practised."
D. "You can understand scientific development only by studying its historical development."
Answer Key: A
An example of a scientific theory that was falsified, is:
A. The sun is a ball of fire
B. The earth rotates around the sun
C. The earth rotates around its own axis
D. All living organisms have common building blocks
Answer Key: A
A paradigm is _________. Which one of the following is TRUE:
A. ...The view that understanding science must not be isolated by or limited to a specific view.
B. ...The social impact and influences on technology.
C. ... A specific set of convictions or assumptions about a scientific problem in a specific period and
forms the frame of thought within which scientists practice their science in the relevant field.
D. ...A mobilisable and active entity that participates in science or technology.
Answer Key: C

The development of the iPad is an example of:
A. Falsification
B. Technology Assessment
C. Actors
D. Innovation
Answer Key: D
Which one of the following is FALSE?
A. STS studies are not concerned with the way in which science and technology have developed.
B. In STS studies, science practice is regarded as ‘n social practice.
C. STS studies open the eyes of scientists in the exact sciences for the nature of their science
practice.
D. None of the above
Answer Key: D
In the development of South Africa’s nuclear arsenal, in the 1980s, the then South African
government was a_______.
A. An actor
B. An aktant
C. A policy maker
D. A & C
Answer Key: D
Test 3
Many systems that function in society can be considered as:
A. Well-defined technological products (like the examination system of the NWU)
B. Universal technological systems (like the credit card system of a commercial bank)
C. Dependent on advanced technologies (like the radar system for the global air traffic)
D. All of the above
Answer Key: D
According to Kramer and De Smit (1997:6) there are two reasons why it is important to understand
systems namely:
A. To develop a subject language and to work out a methodology.
B. To analyse a subject field and to develop a methodology from it.
C. To analyse a subject field and to integrate it with other subject fields.
D. To develop a methodology and to define a new subject field.
Answer Key: A
Jackson (2000:128) mentions that operational research (OR) strives to reduce complex problems in
organisations by means of a systems process with a view to responsible decision-making. Which one
of the following phases does NOT form part of an OR-project?
A. Formulating the solution
B. Constructing a mathematical model to represent the system that will be studied
C. Developing a solution to the problem
D. Evaluating the model and the solution derived from it
E. Defining control mechanisms for the solution
Answer Key: A
The biggest difference between critical and soft systems thinking is that critical systems thinkers:
A. Accept the society as a non-harmonious environment, where mutual conflict exists between
actors.
B. Accept the society as a harmonious environment where mutual conflict do not exist between
actors.
C. Accept the society as a harmonious environment, where mutual conflict exists between actors.
D. None of the above.
Answer Key: A
Reductionist thinking:
A. Synthesize
B. Analyse
C. Predict
D. Is creative
Answer Key: B
Systems thinking
A. Is confined to a single discipline
B. Analyse
C. Is creative synthesis
D. Is not holistic
Answer Key: C
Interaction between a system and the environment is only possible in a __________ system?
A. Closed
B. Hard
C. Soft
D. Open
Answer Key: D
“What should be done?” is a question that typically forms part of a ____ system
A. Hard
B. Soft
C. Critical
D. Closed
Answer Key: C
The assumption that consensus is not always the best solution, is found by ____systems?
A. Soft
B. Critical
C. Hard
D. Open
Answer Key: B
Which research activity is used in basic research, applied research as well as in a systems approach?
A. Using regularities as point of departure
B. Using assumptions as point of departure
C. Using the experimental method
D. Observations and measurements
Answer Key: D
Test 4
The following is an example of propositional knowledge...
A. A mercury thermometer gives a reading of 32°C
B. A Hydrogen Fuel Cell is stripped to determine how it operates
C. Springbok captain Siya Kolisi uniquely sidesteps his opponent and scores a try in the Rugby
World Cup Final
Answer Key: D
The following is an example of knowledge by acquaintance...

A. A mercury thermometer gives a reading of 32°C
B. A Hydrogen Fuel Cell produces 6kWh electricity with 450g Hydrogen
C. The Springbok captain Siya Kolisi checks the time on his watch to determine when the final
whistle will blow during the World Cup Final
Answer Key: C
The NWU aims to establish a new research centre in Kenya by forming a new partnership with one of
the local Kenyan Universities. This is an example of:
A. Knowledge by acquaintance
B. Obvious knowledge
C. Both A and B
Answer Key: D
The following is an example of nomic science:
A. A Hydrogen Fuel Cell’s ability to generate electricity is directly proportional to the Hydrogen
supply
B. If you are a Christian you have to be married before you have children
C. Muslims are prohibited from eating any pork products
D. All of the above
Answer Key: C
Which of the following is interdisciplinary?
A. The Springbok team’s support personnel
B. FNB’s financial planning division
C. Center for Human Metabonomics
D. All of above
Answer Key: D
What kind of knowledge is involved when a person says: "I cannot ride a bicycle, but I know how fix
it."
A. Propositional knowledge
B. Procedural knowledge
C. Knowledge by acquaintance
D. Religious knowledge
Answer Key: B
What kind of knowledge is involved when a person says: " It should hail later today based on how
the weather looks now"
Answer Key: C
What kind of knowledge is involved when a person says: "I know Pres. Ramaphosa because I
regularly see him on TV."
Answer Key: C
Which one of the following statements is always true?
A. When an athlete excels in more than one sport, then he is called an interdisciplinary sportsman
B. Universities with more than one faculty are considered interdisciplinary universities
C. Work is interdisciplinary when two or more disciplines are combined to solve a problem
D. Someone who does an in-depth study of a field does interdisciplinary research
Answer Key: C
Which statement is true?
A. Cause-and-effect plays an important role in engineering
B. Engineering is a descriptive science
C. Engineering is limited to the modality of logic
D. Engineering is limited to the method of logic
Answer Key: A
Test 5
Which of the following does NOT describe a society?
A. Is upheld by birth and upbringing of children within that culture
B. A system of unstructured social relationships
C. Its own territory
D. Has an internal organisation
E. A relative independent and self-sufficient population
Answer Key: B
The Hostel sub-culture represents a _____ view of culture
A. Essentialism
B. Social constructivism
C. Neo-conservatism
D. A modal viewpoint
Answer Key: B
Your culture must be questioned continuously to ensure it is as it should be in your socio-historical

context. This is a _________ view.
A. Essentialist
B. Social constructivist
C. Neo-conservatist
D. Modal
Answer Key: C
Which of the following is a weakness of the essentialist vision?
A. Romanticised paternalism that "your own culture / tradition is the best"
B. Culture can be manipulated to achieve power
C. Culture can make a big impact on people who do not realise it
D. New cultures can be created artificially
E. Some people feel that the system excludes them (marginalisation)
Answer Key: A
What is normative multiculturalism?
A. The proclamation of equal respect for different cultures in within a society
B. A society with multiple cultures in connection with each other and which influence each other
C. Different values and practices
D. The culture with strongest support survives
E. Insight into culture development is always guided and directed by rational knowledge or
religious motives
Answer Key: A
The following question is NOT asked in social constructivism:
A. What kind of knowledge is produced specifically as a result of the interaction between science
and society?
B. What controversial opinions are found in science and how do scientists deal with it?
C. Which factors make it difficult for scientists to denounce current, accepted scientific paradigms?
D. What theory is more scientific – geocentrism of heliocentrism?
Answer Key: D
One of the following developments was the result of both social as well as scientific motives. Which
of the alternatives doesn’t fit?
A. Cosmological models
B. Solar energy and solar panels
C. Cancer research
D. Cellphone software
Answer Key: A
The San people who still want to live like their ancestors, have a dominant vision of:
A. Essentialism
B. Social constructionism
C. Neo-conservatism
D. None of the mentioned alternatives
Answer Key: A
The Hippie culture’s dominant vision is...
A. Essentialism
C. Neo-conservatism
D. None
Answer Key: B

Universal and indigenous knowledge should be in conjunction in order to empower people. This is a
_________ view.
A. Essentialism
C. Neo-conservatism
D. None of the other alternatives
Answer Key: B
If you had to propose a paradigm to seek for solutions to South Africa’s problems, which vision of
culture would probably be the most successful?
A. Essentialism
B. Social constructivism
C. Neo-conservatism
D. A modal viewpoint
Answer Key: C
Culture is a concept that is separate and independent of the people who practice it. Therefore
science and engineering is independent of culture.
A. True
B. False
C. I don't know
D. I don't care
Answer Key: B
Test 6
Sustainable development is...
A. Defined as the wise use of sustainable resources.

B. When the needs of the present is reached without compromising the ability of future
generations to fulfil their needs.
C. The research in which technology directly relates to society.
D. None of the above.
Answer Key: B
Load shedding is an example of which strategy?
A. End-of-pipe strategy
B. Precautionary prevention of damages strategy
C. Preventative maintenance strategy
Answer Key: A
A disadvantage of EIA ( Environmental Impact Assessment ) required by governments to embark

large projects can be that an EIS ( Environmental Impact Study ) report can be manipulated in such a
way the outcomes are clearly in favour of the development.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Which of the following systems can effectively be utilized in the search for environmental
sustainability?
A. Democracy
B. Social justice
C. Humanistic system
D. Environmentally friendly system
Answer Key: D

Own interest must be minimised for the success of sustainable development. Which one is not a
solution?
A. Regulating
B. Convincing
C. Environmental solution
D. Socialising
Answer Key: D
Government is planning to build a big water treatment plant to treat the acid mine drainage of the
Witwatersrand before it flows into rivers. This is an example of a _____ strategy:
A. Pro-active
B. Prevention of damage
C. End-of-pipe
D. Generic
Answer Key: C
The most effective way to address the reluctance to transfer to more expensive, more energy-
efficient motor vehicles is____?
A. Laws
B. Environmental Impact Assessment
C. Convincing
D. Scenario analyses
Answer Key: C
An example of a Persuasion technique in Environmental Management is:
A. Life cycle assessment
B. Environmental Impact Assessment
C. Environmental Management Systems
D. Technology assessment
Answer Key: C
To be effective in your strive towards sustainability, _____ must be applied.
A. Holistic systems thinking
B. Own interest
C. Group interest
D. Democracy
Answer Key: A
If all people want living standard similar to the average American, the earth will be able to sustain
_____billion people.
A. 50
B. 100
C. 200
D. 2
Answer KEY:
Test 7
Which one of the following statements is false?
A. Norms are derived from principles
B. Principles are derived from norms
C. The terms “principle” and “founding principle” are synonymous
D. The terms “principle” and “founding principle” are synonymous
Answer Key: B
Choose the statement that is an example of a normative law
A. Gravitational force causes objects to fall downwards to the earth

B. Mental terrorism can cause insanity
C. A religious law that prohibits adultery
D. The hormone insulin is a protein
Answer Key: C
Choose the odd statement on norms:
A. Grounded in ethics
B. Based on beliefs
C. Cannot be transgressed
D. Can change
Answer Key: C
Which one of the following statements with regard to the characteristics of a profession, is false?
A. A degree is the minimum qualification for most professions
B. Professional experts have an exceptionally high level of autonomy in practising the profession
C. A profession may not have a monopoly on the provision of professional services
D. There is no universal answer to the question on what the distinctive characteristics of a

profession are
Answer Key: C
A professional code:
A. Provides standards for professional conduct
B. Can be changed by professional associations
C. Is a mutual agreement between the professional experts and between them and society
D. All of the above
Answer Key: D

The amount of frequent traffic violations in South Africa is a sign of dire...
A. Norms
B. Principals
C. Ethics
D. Laws
Answer Key: B
Which of these are not classified as a change in norms?
A. Demolishment of the slave trade
B. Ending of apartheid
C. Abandonment of colonialism
D. Decline in loyalty towards employers
Answer Key: D
Which is not a challenge in the grounding of norms?
A. Cultural pluralism
B. Equalising life views
C. Limitations for grounding
D. Theonomous norms
Answer Key: A
Choose the example that indicates a breach of ethical principals
A. To use research funds for buying a computer screen for your home
B. Taking petty cash for personal use
C. Excepting a car to ensure that procurement goes to a specific tender
D. All of the above
Answer Key: D
Indicate which of the following punishments you may endure when you breach a professional body’s
code of conduct.
A. Financial fine payable to the body
B. Temporarily suspended from the body
C. All the legal costs accumulated because of the trial
D. All of the above
Answer Key: D

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WVNS 22

Government should contribute to the funding of public universities

Answer Key: True

Answer Key: True

An academic’s status is mainly determined by how well he/she presents classes

Answer Key: False

Answer Key: False

Funding of research by the SA government is increasing

Answer Key: False

An NRF rating is valid for 5 years

;n NRF-gradering is slegs geldig vir 5 jaar

Answer Key: True

Answer Key: False

Answer Key: True

c) The influence of science on technology / die invloed van wetenskap op tegnologie

f) The influence of technology on science / die invloed van tegnologie op wetenskap

E.The answers are all correct / Almal is korrek

A. University patronage / Universiteits-patronaatskap

B. Endless frontiers / eindelose grense

D. Strategic science / Strategiese wetenskap

C. Continual assessment comprising of online Efundi tests and assignments / Deurlopende

Part 1 of 1 - / 16.0 Points

Question 1 of 17 1.0 Points

Answer Key: False

Question 2 of 17 1.0 Points

Bruno Latour, Karl Popper en Thomas Kuhn were ______.

Question 3 of 17 1.0 Points

“Falsification” was proposed by?

Falsification implies that…..

C. All scientific knowledge is provisional

D. Only some facts can be proven

Question 5 of 17 1.0 Points

Kuhn is well known for ….?

Question 6 of 17 1.0 Points

STS studies science and engineering from a _____perspective:

Question 7 of 17 0.0 Points

Question 8 of 17 1.0 Points

Question 9 of 17 1.0 Points

The origin of Technology assessment relates to the Club of _____?

Question 10 of 17 1.0 Points

Question 11 of 17 1.0 Points

C. Constructionist science progress

D. All the above

Question 12 of 17 1.0 Points

Karl Popper said that:

B. "That science doesn't work according to Falsification."

Question 13 of 17 1.0 Points

An example of a scientific theory that was falsified, is:

A. The sun is a ball of fire

B. The earth rotates around the sun

C. The earth rotates around its own axis

D. All living organisms have common building blocks

Question 14 of 17 1.0 Points

A paradigm is _________. Which one of the following is TRUE:

B. ...The social impact and influences on technology.

D. ...A mobilisable and active entity that participates in science or technology.

Question 15 of 17 1.0 Points

Question 16 of 17 1.0 Points

Which one of the following is FALSE?