Animation Booklet Eng

The
ANIMATION
Booklet
Animation is an art of making pictures come to
life, moving them in a way that tells a story or shares a
message. It uses different styles like traditional cartoon
drawings, computer animation or even playing with clay
figures, to pull us into films, TV shows and computer
games making everything more fun and interesting.
Through animation, the brain connects the strings
between the real and virtual worlds.
Moreover, real-world contexts can be given more
imaginative aspects in order to be retained in the eyes of
the viewers. Extremes are used in animation, everything
is exaggerated. Humour is pushed to its absolute limits.
Although with the incorporation of special effects,
a lot can be attained through a live-action film, the
best exaggerations are those that can only be achieved
through animation and appear unachievable in live-
action. Situations that cannot be seen in daily life can be
easily visualised through animated film.
Cell for National Centre for Literacy (CNCL), is
continuously working towards developing resources
materials in both print and audio/video for Non-literate
learners and Volunteer Teachers. Cell has developed
animated videos on the themes based on Critical Life Skills
e.g. health & hygiene, financial literacy, environmental
awareness, digital literacy etc.
The 12 principles of animation

The 12 principles of animation were introduced
1
by two animators- Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas
at Disney. They highlighted the same in their book-
“The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation” (1981).
The principles were used to create the illusion that
Disney’s characters followed the basic laws of physics.
Principles involved are:
1. Squash and stretch
2. Anticipation
3. Staging
4. Straight ahead and pose to pose
5. Follow through and overlapping action
6. Slow in and slow out
7. Arc
8. Secondary action
9. Timing
10. Exaggeration
11. Solid drawing
12. Appeal
Principles of animation further explained

1. Squash and stretch- The purpose of squash and
stretch is to give weight and flexibility to the objects
being animated.
2. Anticipation- For adding a more realistic approach

to the action, so that the audience is prepared for the
upcoming scene.
2
3. Staging- Staging is used to navigate the audience’s
attention towards the important scene in animation.
4. Straight ahead and pose to pose- Frame by Frame

animated scenes, from start to end approach is straight
ahead whereas pose to pose includes starting to draw
key frames and then filling the interval frames.
5. Follow through and overlapping action- Follow

through is an idea that certain body parts might continue
to move even after a motion is completed. Overlapping
action is the idea that different parts of a body will move
at different rates.
6.Slow in slow out- Slow in and slow out principle refers

to that almost all movements start slow, build speed and
end slowly.
7. Arc- Other than any mechanical action, almost every

action follows a trajectory, with which following this
principle will allow to add greater realism.
3
8. Secondary action- Gestures that support the main
action to add more dimension to the character animation.
9. Timing- The personality and nature of an animation

is greatly affected by the number of frames inserted
between each main action.
10.Exaggeration- Through this principle while animating

a scene, limits can be extended against the laws of
nature such that the action becomes more readable to
the viewers.
11. Solid drawing- This principle is about making sure

that forms feel like they are in 3D space, with volume,
weight and balance.
12. Appeal- Appeal in animation is all about being

dynamic. It doesn’t necessarily mean ‘nice to look at’ but
instead characters being more ‘engaging’.
4
The Production Process
The production process depends upon the type of
animation used, because of which there can be slight
changes in the entire pipeline. 2D animation such as
Clay animation, Stop-motion animation, Frame-by-frame
animation, Cutout animation and Rotoscoping animation
play a unique role in achieving this process whereas 3D
animation has its own, but major pipeline remains the
same.
The Animation Production Pipeline

The animation production pipeline
is an animation industry term which
refers to a detailed production
workflow followed to effectively convert
ideas and concepts into final product.
It also involves people, equipment,
and software used in sequential order,
starting from pre-production to post-
production.
1.The Pre-Production Stage

The pre-production stage of
animation creates the framework for
the entire project and determines how
the finished animation will look in the
pipeline.
A strong pre-production stage

is essential when beginning any
animation project in order to
5
create outstanding animated videos that satisfy the
requirements. Additionally, it will facilitate a smoother
transition between the animation pipeline’s later phases.
Pre-production allows us to plan out the timeline for

each step, have a clear idea of what will be performed,
and devise the best way to carry out the demand. The
steps of pre-production in the animation production
pipeline consist of strategising, story conceptualisation,
scriptwriting, rough sound, art direction, character
design, storyboarding, and animatics.
2.The Production Stage

Eventually, after everything is set out, then animation
may begin. When animating, one can use a variety of
programs and tools, such as Adobe Animate, Adobe
Character Animator, and Adobe After Effects and
Procreate.
6
All of the pre-production work carried out including
the narrative, storyboard, and character designs will
come together at this stage.
This stage consists of key animation, animation

background layout, lighting, final sound design, animation
color correction, and color grading.
3.The Post-Production Stage

Almost everything has been completed by this stage.
This stage consists of compositing and final revisions for
the animated video and then a run-through and render
of the final animated video.
Cell for National Centre for Literacy (CNCL)

Room No. 307, Third Floor, G.B. Pant Block,
National Council of Educational Research and
Training (NCERT)
Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110016
Phone: 011-26592293
Email: [email protected]
For more details, visit our website: https://ncert.nic.in/cncl/
The above mentioned material is available on the following link:
https://diksha.gov.in/adult-education.html.

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The

The 12 principles of animation

Principles of animation further explained

2. Anticipation- For adding a more realistic approach

4. Straight ahead and pose to pose- Frame by Frame

5. Follow through and overlapping action- Follow

6.Slow in slow out- Slow in and slow out principle refers

7. Arc- Other than any mechanical action, almost every

9. Timing- The personality and nature of an animation

10.Exaggeration- Through this principle while animating

11. Solid drawing- This principle is about making sure

12. Appeal- Appeal in animation is all about being

The Animation Production Pipeline

1.The Pre-Production Stage

A strong pre-production stage

Pre-production allows us to plan out the timeline for

2.The Production Stage

This stage consists of key animation, animation

3.The Post-Production Stage

Cell for National Centre for Literacy (CNCL)

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