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Communication Lab Experiment 6

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41 views5 pages

Communication Lab Experiment 6

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legendking9113
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No: 6

Pulse Sampling, Flat Top Sampling and Reconstruction

Aim-To Design and Test Pulse Sampling, Flat Top Sampling and Reconstruction

Apparatus Required:

Sl No Components Quantity
1 Op-Amp µA741 02
2 Transistors NPN SL100/CL100 01
3 Transistors PNP SK100/CK100 01
4 Capacitor 0.1uF 02
5 Resistor 10Kohm 02
5 Resistor 1Kohm 01
6 Spring Board , Connecting wire -
7 DSO, Signal generator(1MHz), DC supply(12V) 01

Circuit Diagram
Pin Diagram

Theory
The sampling theorem can be defined as the conversion of an analog signal into a discrete form by taking
the sampling frequency as twice the input analog signal frequency (fs>=2fm). Input signal frequency
denoted by Fm and sampling signal frequency denoted by Fs. If the sampling frequency (Es) equals twice
the input signal frequency (fm), then such a condition is called the Nyquist criteria (fs>=2fm). Sampling
has to satisfy two conditions
1.Sampled Signal should represent the original signal faithfully
2.We should be able to reconstruct the original signal from its sampled version
During transmission of Signal, noise is introduced at top of the transmission, pulse which can be easily
removed if the pulse is in the form of flat top and the top of samples are flat, they have constant amplitude.
Hence it is called as Sampling ox flat lop practical sampling flat top Sampling makes use of sample and
hold Circuit.
Design

Procedure
a) Verify the circuit components as per the design and circuit Diagram and do the connections
b) Using the signal generator, apply the carrier signal c(t) [square wave] of amplitude 10vp-p and frequency
(fm)10KHz
c) Similarly, apply message signal m(t) [sine wave] of amplitude 2 vp-p and frequency (fs) 1KHZ.
d) Observed the output wave form in CRO across the emitter terminal of SK100 transistor to CRO channel
e) Apply the obtained output Sampled Signal s(t) signal across emitter as input to the Low Pass Filter to get
back the message signal
f) The reconstruction of message signal is obtained by observing the output at output across the filter.
g) Thus, the output waveforms are obtained.
Waveform of PWM and PPM

Result: The pulse, Flat top Sampling and reconstruction was tested and verified to regenerate
the message Signal.
VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What is Sampling?
2. Which are the types of Signals in Sampling?
3. Define
a) Sample
b) Sampling Rate/Sampling Frequency
c) Nyquist Rate
d) Nyquist Interval
e) Quantization
4. Why is Sampling Required?
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling
6. What is Flat Top Sampling?
7. What is Aperture Effect In Flat Top Sampling?
8. What is the Formula for Flat Top Sampling?
9. Why is Flat Top Sampling Better?

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