SSRN Id3735378

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 7

AIUE Proceedings of the 18th Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Conference 2020

A Comprehensive Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) Modelling


Nganyang Paul Bayendang*1, M.T.E. Kahn1, V. Balyan1, I. Draganov2 and S. Pasupathi3

Abstract:
Faced with the ongoing energy and electricity crises in South Africa and by extension Africa, this paper
presents a comprehensive model of Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC), in a bid to devise an innovative
renewable energy cooler to serve as an efficient heat pump, in which a low DC power source can be
applied to it to generate cold, thereby decreasing the total power consumption. The novelty brought
forward is an original simulated TEC model in MatLab / Simulink that can easily be configured with
respect to a given DC source and thermal load, to determine a TEC optimal operational parameters to
increase its heat absorption (cooling power Qc) capacity and as well its coefficient of performance (CoP).

Keywords:
Alternative Energy, Cooler, Heat Pump, Renewable Energy, TEC/TEG, Thermoelectricity

*Corresponding Author Email: bayendangn@cput.ac.za

I. INTRODUCTION Several scholarly publications have been done on


thermoelectricity, though most absconded to extensively
According to [1], energy and electricity crises are express the mathematics governing the physics models.
becoming serious problems in South Africa and in general The aim of this article is to reasonably articulate the
Africa. Diverse alternative electrical energy sources are mathematics that embody various thermoelectricity key
being commissioned with interests on renewable energy parameters with focus on TEC and how they’re applied to
sources which include but not limited to solar energy, bio- comprehensively model TEC(s) using MatLab/Simulink.
energy, wind energy, wave energy, fuel cells, geothermal The rationale is to establish a realistic TEC model, which
energy and waste heat [2]. However, these alternative can be used to understand, develop, simulate and design a
energy sources are good for light duty applications, hence practical TEC system that is innovative and efficient.
necessitates a cooling device (e.g. heat pump, refrigerator, Proceeding the introduction is the TEC mathematical
air conditioner etc) that is energy efficient. Cold energy is analysis, followed by the TEC modelling after which the
simply the absence of heat or thermal energy. Cold can be results are analysed and finally concluding remarks are
generated using various means or devices, some of which drawn preceded by the research scientific contributions.
include passive, absorption, compressor, magnetic, laser
and thermoelectric coolers (TEC) [3]. However, the latter
in [4] is becoming trendy because of its size, flexibility II. TEC MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
(can generate cold, heat and power) and environmentally There are numerous technical parameters that enable a
friendly. Thus, this paper focuses on generating cold from thermoelectric (TE) device to generate cold / heat when
electrical power based-on thermoelectricity using TEC. subjected to a power source. The main thermoelectricity
Thermoelectricity as covered in detail in [5][6], is simply parameters are highlighted with emphasis on the crucial
a Seebeck-Peltier reversible triple display of the same parameters that determine the performance of TECs. The
thermo-electrical process, in which power is converted to mathematics is detailed in [7]–[13], from which evaluated
cold and or heat depending on the supply current direction systematically below are what is relevant to the research.
(i.e. voltage polarity) by using TEC or by using Thermo-
Electric Generator (TEG), heat is converted to electricity. i. Thermo-electric conductivities
The Wiedemann-Franz law connects the electrical and
This study has been supported by CPUT, HySA Systems UWC and
TU-Sofia. thermal conductivities as:
kE = σTLo (W/mK) (1)
1
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), P O Box 1906,
Bellville 7535, Cape Town. where kE is the thermal conductivity electrons charge
2
Technical University of Sofia, 8 KL. Ohridski, Blvd, Sofia 1000, carrier contribution (W/mK), σ is the electrical
Bulgaria. conductivity (Siemens/m), T is the absolute temperature
3
HySA Systems at University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17,
Bellville 7535, Cape Town. in Kelvin (273.15K) or (0°Celsius) and Lo is a constant
known as the Lorenz number (~2.45x10-8 V2K-2).

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


1
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378


ii. Peltier Coefficient (Π) viii. TE Device P-N Thermocouple Conductance (K)

In honor of the TEC discoverer Jean Peltier, Π defines the TEC internal p-n junction thermocouple combined
product between the Seebeck coefficient S and the thermal conductance (K) in (W/K) is computed as:
absolute temperature T in Kelvin or the ratio between the
thermal current (Qt) and the TEC electrical current (Ie) 𝑘𝐴 𝑘𝜌 𝑆2
𝐾= 𝐿
= 𝑟
= 𝑍𝑟 (W/K) (8)
expressed as:
𝑄𝑡
𝛱 = 𝑆𝑇 = (V) (2) NB: take special note of the difference between the
𝐼𝑒
various notations of K, K and k where used in this paper.
iii. Thermoelectricity Figure of Merits (Z and z)
ix. TEC Module Unit Resistance (R)
The TE device and material figure of merits are
respectively denoted as (Z) and (z) and expressed as: TEC module resistance (R) in (Ω) is construed as:
R = nr (Ω) (9)
𝑆2𝜎 𝑆2
𝑍= 𝑧= = -1
(K ) (3) where n (which varies) is the total quantity of p-n
𝑘 𝜌𝑘
thermocouples used during the TEC manufacturing.
where S2σ is the TEC electrical power factor and k is
the TEC thermal conductivity (W/mK) and ρ is the TEC x. TEC Temperature Difference (∆T)
electrical resistivity (ρ = σ-1) in Ω m.
TEC ∆T is the temperature difference between the TEC
iv. TE Dimensionless Figure of Merits (ZT and zT) hot and cold sides temperature, calculated as:

The TE device and material dimensionless figure of ∆T = Th – Tc (°C) or (K) (10)


merits are respectively denoted as (ZT) and (zT) and where Th and Tc are respectively the TEC hot and
expressed as: cold sides temperature in K or °C.
𝑆 2 𝜎𝑇 𝑆2 𝑆2𝑇
𝑍𝑇 = 𝑧𝑇 = 𝑘
=𝐿 = 𝜌𝑘
(4)
0 xi. TEC Module Input Voltage (Vin)

v. TE Average Dimensionless Figure of Merits (Z𝑇̅, z𝑇̅) A TEC module input voltage in Volt is given as:

The TE device and material average dimensionless figure Vin = n[S (Th – Tc)] + IR (V) (11)
of merits are respectively denoted as (Z𝑇̅) and (z𝑇̅) and
expressed as: where I is the input current to the TEC.
𝑆 2 𝜎𝑇̅ 𝑆 2 𝑇̅
𝑍𝑇̅ = 𝑧𝑇̅ = 𝑘
= 𝜌𝑘
(5)
xii. TEC Module Input Current (I)

where the average temperature 𝑇̅ = 0.5 (Th + Tc) in K. A TEC module input current in Amps is defined as:

𝑛𝑆∆𝑇
vi. TE Device P-N Thermocouple Unit Resistance (r) 𝐼=𝑅 (A) (12)
𝑠− 𝑅

The TEC internal p-n junction thermocouples combined where Rs is the source resistance connected to the TEC.
(r = rp+rn) resistance (r) in Ohms is calculated using: The flow of I causes the internal Ohmic or Joule heating.

𝜌𝐿 xiii. Heat Absorbed on TEC Module Cold-side (Qc)


𝑟= (Ω) (6)
𝐴
For TEC to generate cold, TEC cold-side must be at
where L is the TEC p-n junction thermocouple temperature Tc to create a stable cooling power (Qc) in W.
combined length in meter (m) and A is the TEC p-n
junction thermocouple combined area (A= Ap+An) in m2. Qc = n [(SITc) – (K∆T)] – 0.5I2R (W) (13)

vii. TE Device P-N Thermocouple Resistivity (ρ) xiv. Heat Emitted on TEC Module Hot-side (Qh)

TEC internal p-n junction thermocouple combined For TEC to generate cold, TEC hot-side must be at a
electrical resistivity (ρ) in Ohms meter (Ωm) is given by: higher temperature Th to dissipate the heat Qh in Watts.
𝑟𝐴 Qh = n [(SITh) – (K∆T)] + 0.5I2R (W) (14)
𝜌= (Ωm) (7)
𝐿

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


2
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378


xv. TEC Module Input Power (Pin) xxvii. TEC Normalized Input Current (In)
TEC input power is the difference between Qh and Qc. TEC In is the ratio of Icop and Imax.

Pin = Qh – Qc = n [(SI∆T)] + I2R (W) (15)


In = Icop / Imax (28)
Or Pin = IVin (W) (16)
xxviii. TEC Normalized Input Voltage (Vinn)
xvi. TEC Carnot Efficiency (ɳc) TEC Vin is the ratio of Vin and Vinmax.
∆𝑇 𝑇ℎ −𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑐 Vinn = Vin / Vinmax (29)
ɳc = = = 1− (17)
𝑇ℎ 𝑇ℎ 𝑇ℎ
xxix. TEC Normalized Cooling Power (Qcn)
xvii. TEC Coefficient of Performance (CoP)
CoP is the TEC cooling power and input power ratio. TEC Qcn is the ratio of Qc and Qcmax.
CoP = Qc / Pin (18) Qcn = Qc / Qcmax (30)

xviii. TEC CoP Expression (CoPe) xxx. TEC Normalized CoP (CoPn)
CoPe is the same as CoP. It is simply the final raw
expression when Pin and Qc equations are used in (18). TEC CoPn is the ratio of CoP and CoPmax.
CoPn = CoP / CoPmax (31)
[(𝑆𝐼𝑇𝑐 )−(𝐾∆𝑇)−(0.5𝐼 2 𝑅/𝑛)]
CoPe = (19)
[(𝑆𝐼∆𝑇)+(𝐼 2 𝑅/𝑛)] xxxi. TEC Effective Seebeck Coefficient (Se)

xix. TEC Current to Yield CoP (Icop) Se = 2Qcmax / nImax (Th + ∆Tmax) (V/K) (32)
𝑛𝑆∆𝑇
Icop = (A) (20) xxxii. TEC Effective Electrical Resistivity (ρe)
𝑅[(√1+𝑍𝑇̅ )−1]
ρe = ASe (Th – ∆Tmax) / LImax (Ω m) (33)
xx. TEC Maximum CoP (CoPmax)
𝑇 xxxiii. TEC Effective Figure of Merit (Ze)
[𝑇𝑐 /∆𝑇]((√1+𝑍𝑇̅ ) − ℎ )
𝑇𝑐
CoPmax = (21) Ze = 2∆Tmax / (Th – ∆Tmax)2 (K-1) (34)
((√1+𝑍𝑇̅ )+1)

xxi. TEC Maximum Cooling Power Current (Icpmax) xxxiv. TEC Effective Thermal Conductivity (ke)

Icpmax = nSTc / R (A) (22) ke = Se2 /ρe Ze (W/mK) (35)

xxii. TEC Icop Maximum Cooling Power (Qcpmax) The effective parameters enable system designers bridge
the gap between theoretical and measured specs, by using
Qcpmax= n[(SIcopTc) – (K∆T)] – 0.5Icop2R (W) (23) maximum TEC parameters to factor in system losses.
xxiii. TEC Maximum Temperature Difference (∆Tmax)
xxxv. TEC Midpoint Current (Imid)
TEC ∆Tmax occurs when Qc = 0W and I is at maximum.
Imid = 0.5 (Imp + Icop) (A) (36)
1 1 2 2
∆Tmax = (𝑇ℎ + ) − √(𝑇ℎ + ) − 𝑇ℎ (K) (24) xxxvi. TEC Midpoint Cooling Power (QCmid)
𝑍 𝑍

xxiv. TEC Maximum Input Current (Imax) QCmid = n [(SImidTc) – (K∆T)] – 0.5Imid2R (W) (37)
TEC maximum input current occurs when Qc = 0W.
xxxvii. TEC Midpoint Input Power (Pinmid)
Imax = nS(Th – ∆Tmax) / R = nS∆T / R (A) (25)
Pinmid = n [(SImid∆T)] + Imid2R (W) (38)
xxv. TEC Maximum Input Voltage (Vinmax)
xxxviii. TEC Midpoint CoP (CoPmid)
Vinmax yields maximum ∆Tmax when I = Imax.
CoPmid = QCmid / Pinmid (39)
Vinmax = nSTh (V) (26)
TEC midpoint parameters ensure a safe optimal design.
xxvi. TEC Maximum Cooling Power (Qcmax)
xxxix. TEC Cold Flux Density (CFD)
Qcmax is the max thermal load at ∆T = 0°C and I = Imax.
Qcmax = (n S) 2(Th2 – ∆Tmax2) / 2R (W) (27) CFD = Qc / TEC Surface Area (W/m2) (40)

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


3
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378


III. TEC(S) MODELLING

TEC has been sparsely modelled in the literature; as a These input parameters are use to simulate the actual TEC
result, there is little or inadequate research publications on performance before practically designing it. The only
TEC models, especially using MatLab / Simulink, let input values the user can optimize here are the Th, Tc, Ts
alone accompanied by the relevant mathematics to and Tp parameters and to some extent Vin; the rest input
supplement the TEC implemented models. TEC models parameters are intrinsic in the TEC and can only be
that are common are in readymade packages based-on changed during manufacturing. However, all the input
computational fluid dynamics such as Ansys Fluent, values can be changed in the simulation to have a
COMSOL Multiphysics and also Mathcad as well others practical feel of how the TEC would have performed, if it
including Simscape in MatLab which is even very basic. was manufactured based on the chosen input values. The
TEC models in these modelling and simulation packages, output operational, commercial, performance and
especially when published, do not expand on the various maximum parameters are those sometimes indicated in a
parameters and the maths governing them and some of TEC manufacturer’s datasheets or technical information.
these models are basic, rigid, vague and also lack certain Colour coding was utilised to reasonably group and
parameters and features to heuristically simulate TECs. differentiate all the various TEC parameters accordingly.
Therefore to bridge this gap between thermoelectricity
with focus on the TEC maths and the implemented TEC What is mostly unique and advanced in Fig. 1 are the
models, MatLab / Simulink were employed to model and following implemented TEC parameters and novelties:
simulate TEC(s) from first principle, to institute an easy
original TEC simulator as portrayed in Fig. 1. The • The mathematical analysis in Section II is modelled.
mathematical equations were modelled using MatLab, • Multiple TEC modules can be furthermore simulated.
from which they were later ported to Simulink using • Vin can be changed while the simulation is running.
Embedded MatLab Function, followed by designing the • Various TECs characteristics curves are generated.
user interface further in Simulink. The layout is simple, in • More TEC parameters can be easily added / tested.
which parameters of interests are entered and shown and • The practical limitations of TEC(s) are noticeable.
the results displayed accordingly. The inputs values can
• Friendly user interface – simple and informational.
be changed while the simulation is in progress. The input
• A better and bigger TEC(s) module can be simulated.
parameters are manufacturers and TEC modules specific.

Fig. 1. TEC original model based on MatLab / Simulink

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


4
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378


IV. TEC(S) MODELLING RESULTS AND ANALYSES

The modelled TEC was simulated using realistic data and


specifications from TEC(s) manufacturers datasheets,
research articles and scholarly publications in [7] – [13].

Fig. 4. TEC Qc (W) vs ∆T °C @ I = 11.53, 8.53 and 5.53A

Fig. 5 demonstrates how CoP like Qc; increases with


decreasing ∆T and with increasing I up to 2A @ ∆T =
20°C and starts to decrease as I increases henceforth until
Qc hits 0W. The optimal result is highlighted in red. The
reason is akin to Figs. 2 and 4 – that is, because of Ohmic
heating and as well the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Fig. 2. TEC cooling power (W) vs ∆T (°C) vs input current (A)

Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate that Qc is inversely proportional


to ∆T but directly proportional to I up to 11A, after which
Qc drops. In Figs. 2 and 3, the reason is due to Joule
heating and also the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
The Qc, ∆T and I optimal result point is highlighted in red. Fig. 5. TEC CoP vs I (A) @ ∆T = 20, 30 and 40°C

Figs. 3 – 5 are respectively compared with Figs. 6a – 6c


to validate the TEC modelling and both results correlated.

Fig. 3. TEC Qc (W) vs I (A) @ ∆T = 10, 25 and 50°C

Figs. 2 and 4 depict that Qc is inversely proportional to ∆T


at various values of input current I. As can be seen, the
cooling power or heat absorbed on TEC cold side Qc, is Fig. 6. Mathcad TEC results a) Qc / CoP vs I; b) Qc vs ∆T and c)
max at 81.1W when ∆T is min @ 5°C and at max I of CoP vs I (adapted from [8]) used to validate MatLab TEC
11.53A. Qc increases with I up to optimally at ~11.53A.
In summary, to get maximum cooling power (Qc) and
Akin to Figs. 2 and 3, the reason is also due to Joule maximum CoP from a TEC, ∆T must be minimum and I
heating and as well the Second Law of Thermodynamics. should be increased until it has no positive effect on Qc
The Qc and ∆T optimal results point is highlighted in red. and the CoP. Figs. 1 and 2 are the research innovations.

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


5
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378


V. RESEARCH SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS REFERENCES

The research is abridged here and its importance in [1] D. Bessarabov, G. Human, A.J. Kruger, S. Chiuta, P.M. Modisha,
addition to the findings portrayed in Section III are herein S.P. Du Preez, S.P. Oelofse, I. Vincent, J. Van Der Merwe, H.W.
Langmi, J. Ren and N.M. Musyoka, “South African Hydrogen
highlighted and advanced as the scientific contributions: Infrastructure (HySA Infrastructure) for Fuel Cells and Energy
Storage: Overview of a Project’s Portfolio”, International Journal
• A comprehensive/extensive TEC maths is showcased. of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, pp. 13568 – 13588, 2017.
[2] S. Abolhosseini, A. Heshmati and J. Altmann, A Review of
• A clear comprehensive TEC(s) model is established. Renewable Energy Supply and Energy Efficiency Technologies,
• The TEC simulator is unique based on first principle. 2014, http://ftp.iza.org/dp8145.pdf.
J.S. Brown and P.A. Domanski, “Review of alternative cooling
• Multiple TECs can be simulated in various patterns. [3]
technologies”, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 64, issue 1 – 2,
• An efficient practical TEC(s) system can be devised. pp. 252 – 262, 2014, DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.12.014.
[4] D. Zhao and G. Tan, “A review of thermoelectric cooling:
However, the researched TEC model and mathematics Materials, modelling and applications”, Applied Thermal
Engineering, volume 66, issues 1 – 2, pages 15-24, 2014,
have the following limitations: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.074.
[5] N.P. Bayendang, M.T. Kahn and V. Balyan, “A structural review
• Practical realities were not factored-in, as the model of thermoelectricity for fuel cells CCHP applications”, Journal of
Energy Volume 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2760140.
focused only on theoretical TEC at unit and module [6] N.P. Bayendang, M.T. Kahn, V. Balyan and I. Draganov, “CCHP
levels and not at system level where other coupling Systems Analysis with Emphasis on Fuel Cells, Thermoelectricity
factors exist. Some of these practicalities include and Power Converters”, 5th International Conference on Smart and
Sustainable Technologies 2020, In Press, Article ID: 1570651628.
thermal / contact resistance heat losses when TECs [7] H. Goldsmid, Conversion Efficiency and Figure-of-merit, CRC
are used with heat exchangers such as heat-sinks Handbook of Thermoelectrics, pp. 19 – 25, 1995.
/pipes, since TECs require thermal management to [8] H. Lee, Thermoelectrics: Design and Materials, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., Wiley, New Jersey, USA, 2016.
maintain ∆T to ensure proper and reliable operations. [9] S. Twaha, J. Zhu, Y. Yan and B. Li, “A Comprehensive Review of
• The researched simulated model has to be practically Thermoelectric Technology: Materials, Applications, Modeling
tested to correlate the maths and simulated analyses. and Performance Improvement”, Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, volume 65, pages 698 – 726, November 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.034.
VI. CONCLUSION [10] T.M. Tritt, “Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Structure,
Properties, and Applications”, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science
This study began by briefly introducing the ongoing and Technology (Second Edition) 2002, pages 1 – 11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043152-6/01822-2.
electricity crisis in South Africa followed by the diverse [11] I. Terasaki, “Thermal Conductivity and Thermoelectric Power of
renewable energy / power sources being commissioned as Semiconductors”, Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and
potential solutions. However, some of these energy/power Technology, volume 1, pages 326 – 358, 2011,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.00771-2.
sources are not apt for heavy loads, one of which is heat [12] J. Meseguer, I. Pérez-Grande and A. Sanz-Andrés,
pumps – it is therefore prudent to devise energy efficient “Thermoelectric cooling”, Spacecraft Thermal Control 2012,
coolers and of interest is TEC – a thermoelectric device pages 263–273, https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096081.263.
[13] P.I. Mani, “Design, Modelling and Simulation of a Thermoelectric
that converts power to cold based-on Peltier effect. This Cooling System (TEC)”, Master's Thesis, Western Michigan
low power DC load makes its many cooling applications University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA, 2016.
suitable for use with renewable power. The mathematical
analysis of thermoelectricity with emphasis on TEC(s)
was investigated, developed and extensively expressed to AUTHORS BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT
determine how much heat absorption (Qc) and CoP can be
Author: Nganyang Paul Bayendang
produced and from what optimal TEC parameters. A
novel TEC model in MatLab / Simulink was implemented Began his electrical engineering studies at
incorporating these advancements and the original TEC CPUT inception in 2005. He obtained his
implementation was simulated by using practical TEC ND, BTech and MTech in 2007, 2010 and
specifications from various TECs manufacturers and the 2015 respectively and also MSc in 2015 on
space engineering at FSATI / ESIEE Paris.
generated results affirmed that, to get max cooling power
He worked at Peralex Electronics from
(Qc) and CoP from TECs, ∆T must be lowest and I should 2006 - 2011 as production / QA technician.
be increased until it has no affirmative effect on Qc. These
results were analysed in consistency with information From 2012 to 2019, he has been involved in various advance
research projects across five different CPUT research facilities –
published in diverse scholarly TECs articles, books and
CPUT TTO, CPUT FSATI, CPUT AMTL, CPUT CDPES and
datasheets. Highlights of the study were asserted as the CPUT FPRC. He started his doctorate study in 2019 at CPUT
scientific contributions to conclude the research. The and in 2020 did 6+months mobility at TU-Sofia, Bulgaria. His
recommendation is to practically implement the research DEng research focuses on renewable energy and it is titled:
findings to correlate the TEC simulated and mathematical “Model-based Domestic and Commercial CCHP / Fuel Cell /
analyses, whereby the TEC(s) shall be used with fuel cells Battery / Ultra-capacitor / Thermo-Electric Hybrid Power
to innovatively generate cold from DC power in a larger Energy Conversion and Energy Storage Management System: A
Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) system. Software-Firmware-Hardware Approach”.

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


6
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378


Co-author: Prof Mohamed T. Kahn Siva obtained his PhD from the University of Pisa, Italy in the
field of fuel cells and has worked in renowned laboratories
He holds a doctoral degree in electrical
globally, including SAIAMC since 2005. Siva is driving the
engineering from the Cape Peninsula
development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies at HySA
University of Technology (CPUT). He’s
Systems with a focus on the commercialization of the products
currently CPUT Energy Research Chair,
emanating from the RDI, having demonstrated various
CPUT Energy Institute Director, Head
prototypes in this area. He is managing ~R30M per year funding
of CPUT CDPES and Head of CPUT
from the DSI (formerly DST) and has raised significant funding
Centre for Research in Power Systems.
from private and government. One of his activities is to protect
Professor Kahn research interests include optics, MEMS, green the intellectual property of HySA Systems in line with
energy technology, energy efficiency, distributed generation, UWC/TTO; including patents, trade secrets, copy rights and
automation and power electronics technology. trademarks. He has organized various conferences / workshops /
seminars including a National South African Hydrogen and Fuel
Cell Supply Chain Workshop with the participation of over 30
companies and SMMEs. He chaired and organised the first
Co-author: Dr Vipin Balyan
international conference on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in South
He received B.E degree in Electronics & Africa (CARISMA2014), with participation from leading
Communication with honors in 2003, researchers and businesses globally. He has published over 150
M.Tech degree in Electronics & publications including papers in peer-reviewed international
Networking from Latrobe University, journals and conference proceedings and an inventor of 12
Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia in patents and counting. He was an invited speaker at several
2006. He received PhD degree in 2013 conferences, including the Zing Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
with his research focusing on Efficient Conference (July 2013) and plenary speaker at the 2nd
Single Code Assignment in OVSF based International Symposium on Electrochemistry (July 2012).
WCDMA Wireless Networks.
He worked as an Assistant Professor Senior Grade for 7 years in
Jaypee Education system. He is currently working as a Senior
Lecturer in Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Presenting author: The paper will be presented by Nganyang
Engineering of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Paul Bayendang.
Bellville Campus, Cape Town, RSA. His research area includes
CDMA, OFDM, VSF-OFCDM, GFDM and Renewable Energy.

Co-author: Prof Ivo Draganov


Received BEng, MEng and PhD
degrees in 2003, 2005 and 2009
respectively from the Technical
University of Sofia (TU-Sofia),
Bulgaria. Currently, he is an Associate
Professor in the Faculty of
Telecommunications at TU-Sofia.
The main subjects of his teaching activity are Digital Devices,
Multimedia Systems, Digital Video Broadcasting and
Multimedia Retrieval. His scientific interests include pattern
recognition, digital image and video processing, neural
networks, multimedia creation and renewable energy. He has
co-authored more than 80 research papers.

Co-author: Dr Sivakumar Pasupathi


Siva is the Director for HySA systems
competence centre, one of three centres
under Hydrogen South Africa (HySA)
national frontier programme launched in
2008. He has 20 years experience in
hydrogen and fuel cells technology
covering from component development
up to system integration.

AIUE CONGRESS 2020: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON USE OF ENERGY


7
ELECTRONIC COPY AVAILABLE AT: https://ssrn.com/

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735378

You might also like