myF –V UNIT-V

tpdh tq;fp /QUESTIONBANK

Scientific Tamil & Tamil Computing

gFjp -m/ Part – A (2-mark Question)

1. What are the functions of Scientific Tamil magazines?

 The magazine, Kalaikathir, has led to the growth of Scientific Tamil for more than a

quarter of a Century.

 The Coimbatore College of Home Science promotes the growth of Scientific Tamil by

publishing a magazine called 'Vinjnanach Sudar'.

2. What is Natural Language Processing?

It is a branch of computer science. Specifically the branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It

gives computers the ability to understand the text and spoken words.

3. What is Unicode?

The universal code was created by the Unicode Consortium in 1991. The software development

companies came together to set up a coding system needed to handle multiple languages at the

same time.

4. What is a keyboard? What is it used for?

A keyboard is a peripheral device. It enables the user to enter the text into a computer or any

other electronic machine.

5. What are the file types of Tamil e-books?

The files of Tamil e-texts are divided into following categories and used accordingly. They

are i) pdf ii) HTML iii) e-Pub iv) Flip Book

6. Write any two advantages of e-books.

 Anywhere in the world, at any time, we can easily search and use the required parts with

the help of search engines on the internet.

 The necessary e-books can be purchased and used through e-commerce.

7. What is the function of encoding?

Determining which key to press and which letter should appear is encoding. It is the multiple

information processing of converting data into the format which are essential for the requirements.

8. What is bilingual code?

Bilingual code is developed to use the same fonts for both Tamil and English languages.

9. Where is the Tamil Virtual Academy located? In which year it was started?

 Tamil Internet Education Institute is located in Anna University Campus, Chennai.

 It was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu on 18th May 2000.

10. What are the three levels of the Tamil Internet Education Corporation?

i) e-learning programs

ii) e-library

iii) Development of computerized Tamil

11. Write any two advantages of Tamil e-library.

i) Digitalization enables multiple users to access the same information simultaneously

ii) An e-library user does not have to go there directly. Information can be accessed from

any part of the world through internet connection.

iii) Even from wikipedia, blogs, etc., information can be obtained.

12. Write any two disadvantages (or) problems of Tamil e-library.

(i) Technology is changing from time to time. Accordingly, e-library should also improve

its technology.

(ii) Migration from stateless data, storage to a more stable system, programming language or

operating system.

13. Define dictionary.

A book that compiles all the words in a language in alphabetical order and explains the

meanings is called Agaramuthali. It is also called a dictionary.

14. Mention any two purposes of dictionary.

i) It can be used to find long and short words (or) related terms for a specific term.

ii) It can be used for referencing books (or) documents that contain the words or documents.
15..Name some online Tamil dictionaries.

 Digital Dictionaries of South Asia

 Tamil virtual academy

 Maduram Online Dictionary

 Tamil Wiktionary

 Tamillexicon

16. What is Sorkuvai (Word Corpus) Project?

The Sorkuvai (Word Corpus) Project is a project to collate all Tamil words, alphabetize them,

convert them into proper words, arrange them into meaningful words and try to preserve and

develop the language.

17. State three objectives of Sorkuvai Project.

i) Conservation of vocabulary in Tamil language.

ii) Enlarging the vocabulary of Tamil language.

iii) Helping to avoid foreign language intrusion in Tamil language.

18. Write any two uses of Sorkuvai (Word Corpus) scheme.

(i) The website sorkuvai.com launched under this scheme has been made to clarify the

doubts regarding terminology.

(ii) Doubts related to Tamil vocabulary can also be resolved through the toll-free phone

which will be launched soon.

பகுதி - ஆ / Part – B (16-Mark Question)

1. Write in detail about the development of scientific Tamil?

Development of Scientific Tamil

Scientific development slowly took root and expanded at the end of the twentieth century.

Science has no language restrictions. Language has functioned only as a tool rather than a

hindrance to its infinite achievements.

In this revolution of knowledge, the language also gets involved and enriched and gets the ability

to compete with other countries.

Scientific Tamil

 Sangam poets are not scientists. But many scientific facts are enshrined in grammar and

literature. Later, the credit of bringing science into Tamil goes to the later poets and orators.

 Kanakathikaram, Asthana Kolakalam, Koladeepikai, Buloka Vilasam, Koovanool, Asuva

Shastra etc. published in Tamil are not available at present. But many scientific texts

mentioned in literary and grammatical texts are documents of ancient Tamil's scientific

(technical) thought.

 We are amazed at the knowledge and consciousness among the Tamils that had no trace of

today's Menatu scientific thought.

 Tholkappiyar classified life into six categories.

 The world and the body are situated in the sum of the Five Elements. Paripadal explains

the message that Tamils knew about this fundamental unity between the cosmos and the

physical.; (Pari. 3 - 4) Tholkappiyam also (Tol. Marabiyal. 644) says that the world is made

up of five

 Thiruvalluvar, who talks about medicine, says that the elements of medicine are to

investigate the disease, to investigate the cause of the disease, to investigate the types of

ways to cure the disease, and to act carefully to cure the disease. It is these methods that

the medical world accepts and admires.

 Water is non-shrinkable. It was Pascal who scientifically discovered the viscous nature of

water. As proof of this Pascal's Law, the song of Avvai says, “Ala Amukki Mukkakinum

Allkadal Neer Nazhi Mogavadu”. Here he also highlights another fact that pressure

increases with depth.

 Physicist Newton's second law states that “Momentum is proportional to the force acting

on an object and is in the direction of the force”. This is the Puranauru (puram. 192: 8-10)

A stream passing through a river receives only the force of the water and moves in the

direction it is going. There is no other key involved. Similarly, it is said that life should go

smoothly.
 Along with the above science and technology, Tamils excelled in many fields such as

agricultural science, hydrology, astronomy, mathematics, metrology, chronology,

prediction, chemistry, shipbuilding, weaving, building, musical instruments, jewelery and

technology. These can be known through literary, grammatical and epigraphical evidence.

The need for scientific Tamil

 Studying science and technology in Tamil leads to a different understanding and a different

way of thinking.

 Guides to explore things in new dimensions and different contexts.

 It helps to develop understanding of Tamil society.

 Majority of people in Tamil Nadu get basic education in Tamil. If these students want to

know about science, technology and medicine, the information related to that field should

be in Tamil language.

Scientific Tamil development

(i) Scientific Tamil in broadcasting

 Shivapadha Sundaram developed scientific Tamil in the field of broadcasting through

radio.

 Apart from him, B.P.Thirugnanasampandhar of Presidency College, B.K Srinivasan, K.

Arangasamy Iyengar of Annamalai University.

 P. Saravanan, R. Ramasamy, S. Sampath, K. Shanmuga Sundaram, Kaliyaperumal of

Presidency College have also contributed.

(ii) Work of Journals in Scientific Tamil

 Kalaikadir magazine led the development of scientific Tamil for more than a quarter of a

century.

 The Coimbatore College of Agriculture promotes the development of scientific Tamil by

publishing a magazine called 'Vinjnanach Sudar'.

iii) ScientificTamil in Agriculture

 S.K Ganapathi Iyer, V.P Subbiah Mudaliar, Kathiresan, Kanaka Kumari, Balaramaiah,
Gurusironmani and Utthamarayan wrote and published scientific articles related to

agriculture in Tamil.

 Apart from them, K.Rajaram wrote and published the books Ocean, Fish, Rain, Goodwater,

Firestones, Ariyabhatta and Kattru Veliyinile.

 S.Subramanian wrote and published science books in Tamil such as Endless Journey, Surya

Nila, Nakshatras, Vaanathin Kathaigal.

 They have also done translations in Tamil and made it suitable for children.

iv) ScientificTamil in Economics

 J.S. Ponnaiah, C. Velayutham, K. S. Sonasalam, R. Sevasalam, J. C. Kumarappa (Gandhian

Economics), R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar have written deeply about economics in Tamil.

 Desini, P.B.Natarasan, IT.Chidambaram (Rural Economics) have written economic news

in Tamil.

v) Political Science Tamil

 Rajaji, M.B.Sivagnanam, Anna, Nedunchezhiyan, Dinamani Sivaraman, S. S. Marisamy,

V. Saminatha Sharma, J. Ramachandran, Principal of State College, College (Political

Organisations) has written books on politics in Tamil.

Science should be done for the development of Tamil

 Publication of scientific research journals,

 Publication of entertaining science picture story books to create science awareness among

students,

 Conducting Science Annual Festival,

 Establishment of scientific forums,

 Dissemination of scientific ideas through sound and light plays.

 Certain journals such as Health Thulir, Vijnanachudar, Kalaikadhir, Kaalnadaikadhir and

Growing Agriculture are continuously engaged in the effort of science dissemination.

Universities should come forward to publish other scientific journals like these as a service.

 Bharathidasan University has been translating and publishing abstracts of research papers
in specific scientific fields.

 Similarly, it is essential to establish a separate system to keep the students informed of the

news happening in all the scientific fields and to preserve the news.

 In many developed countries including Japan, all research papers published in English are

translated into the mother tongue and given to the researchers. This eliminates the

possibility of study stagnation.

 This can also be done in Tamil. Difficulties may arise in the translation of terminology in

the beginning. A separate committee should be appointed for each branch of science to

examine the terms in use and newly coined terms, accept the appropriate ones and prescribe

them for use by all.

The government should document the implementation of Tamil as the language of instruction and

training in all scientific disciplines including medicine and engineering.

2. Write an essay on Tamil Computing development.

Tamil Computing Development.

 Tamil Computing is the unparalleled Tamil gift of the 20th Century.

 Computing is the basic necessity in today's scientific world. Computers are used in various

service centres like business centres, banks, hospitals, transport stations, research centers

and houses.

 Computer education is taught as primary education in the education sector nowadays.

 Even if Tamil is included in the computer, only if all the Tamils work together in this work,

proper development can be achieved in a few years.

Computerized development work

 It was only in the twentieth century that Computerized Tamil emerged. Till now it is

traveling on various development paths.

 Various experimental attempts have been made using the web on the computer.

 Individuals, groups and the government are taking various efforts for its development.

 Today, Tamil Internet University is implementing various projects in the development of

computer science. Taking this into consideration, Tamil activists are standing by.

Tamil on Windows

 In 1985, Microsoft released the Windows Operating System based on DOS. Again after

the release of Windows 3.0 in 1990, even those without the basic computer knowledge

became interested in using computers. People of the world also created fonts for their.

native languages.

 During this period, many foreign and Tamil Nadu organizations also started creating and

using a large number of fonts.

(i) 7-bit fonts

 It consists of 128 characters. These often resemble the design of Tamil typefaces.

 No special keyboard drivers are required to handle these.

(ii) Method of 8-bit character (Extended ASCII)

 In the next stage of development, 8-bit character system was developed by the Europeans,

which could use 256 characters.

 In Tamil vowels, consonants and mixture of vowels and consonants could be entered and

printed better through computer as per the old offset printing standard.

Tamil fonts

 Typing is a major contributor to digitization. Even though Tamil has been converted to

ComputingTamil, the font has not yet become universally accepted.

 English keyboard is globally uniform. But in Tamil, there are many electronic Tamil fonts.

 In an effort to unify (Unicode) to create unified fonts; Madurai Internet feedback project is

working well.

 Fonts available are Alaghi, Mylaithamil, Murasu, Anjal, Aaraamthinai, Thiruvalluvar,

Ezhilnilai, Tamilan, Kaniyan, Senthamil, Orunguri, Latha, Bamini, Kural, Kampan.

 Studies should be done to integrate all these into one font. Only if you do that, you will

realize that it is easy to browse Tamil as a mathematical equivalent to English language.

Development of Tamil on the Internet

 The internet of computers has shrunk the world into a small village.

 Internet is like a library. A website is a book.

 We can surf the internet and get the required information

 The main function of internet is to know and exchange information.

 Information can be sent anywhere through email page.

 In the 1990s, graphics-based programming became a part of the Internet. The arrival of

Windows 95 in 1995 brought Tamil to a peak on the Internet.

 Madurai Tamil Literature E-Anthology Project is an online group that brings Tamil

literature (http://tamil.net/projectmadurai/) to the Internet.

 Tamil Books Tamil books are also made electronic on the Chennai Library website

(www.chennailibrary.com).

 Internet forums like Comment, Tamil Center etc. are very helpful for exchange of ideas.

 Various dailies, monthly magazines and daily newspapers published in Tamil Nadu are

available in online.

Tamil Websites

 There are hundreds of websites. It is an achievement that so many sites have been launched

within a few years of the emergence of Internet Tamil.

 The first computer in Tamil was Thiruvalluvar in 1983. It was produced by Data Books, a

Singapore-based company.

 A computer program (programmer) developed by Captain Govindarajan and Thanikasalam

in 1987 is called pioneer program.

 Websites such as Tamil Network, Internet Knitting, Tamil Desiyam, Amai, Knitting, Tamil

Palakai, Tamil Ulagam, Chennai Library, Madurai University Library, etc., are performing

well.

Tasks to be done for the development of mathematics

 The development of Tamil on the web is rampant.

 To introduce the website to all the college students like Arts Science, Engineering,
Medicine, Technology and encourage them to write in Tamil.

 Conducting seminars and web competitions on web development.

 Conducting Tamil literature competitions and sending them to all the colleges to register

them on the website and creating awareness etc.

 Digitization of rare books with text (nubaivainiyavazhe), digitization and publication of all

nationalized books, ancient periodicals.

 Development of e-Dictionaries,

 Implementation of learning and teaching methods for the growing generation,

 Recording comments in Tamil through Facebook, Bhalanam,

 Identification of Tamil literature by starting a separate website,

 Starting a separate website to register and identify emerging studies,

 Developing Tamil by starting weekly, monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, annual magazines

on the Internet,

 Starting with a separate website for poetry writing and short story writing, you can create

several sites giving importance.

Online Magazines

Web magazines are those magazines that project their personality only on the internet. In this way,

1. Thinnai (http://www.thinnai.com)

2. Pathivugal (http://www.pathivugal.com)

3. . Athisha (http://www.athishaonline.com)

4.Vaarpu (http://www.vaarpu.com) (kavithai Thamizh)

5. Nillasaral (http://www.nillasaral.com)

6. Varalaru (http://www.varalaru.com)

Thamizh Thinnai, Muthukkamalam are also included in this.

These online magazines are great for reaching readers without spending much. Another feature is

that you can search by date and teacher

Tamil news sites

 yahoo.com

 msn.webdania.com/Tamil/index.htm

 news.google.com

All the above have Tamil news sites. It shows the importance given to Tamil language news.

 inneram.com

 www.adhikalai.com

They also provide news in Tamil on the Internet.

3. Compile and write comments on Tamil e-library.

TAMIL DIGITAL LIBRARY (OR) TAMIL ELECTRONIC LIBRARY

Tamil e-library is a collection of Tamil digital materials such as e-books, magazines, audio

recordings, video recordings and other electronically accessible documents.

Many e-libraries have been established with lakhs of e-libraries. They are doing the work of

bringing many good Tamil books to thousands of Tamils who live in places where print books

cannot reach throughthe internet.

Tamil Virtual Academy e-library

 The Government of Tamil Nadu has established a digital library in Tamil, which serves

Tamils and researchers worldwide. It houses an extensive collection of valuable books,

magazines, and publications spanning various fields.

 This digital library is a collaborative effort between the Tamil Virtual Academy

 To date, it has successfully digitized 53,27,879 pages from 24,656 significant books.

 Additionally, collaboration with over 90 research organizations has facilitated the

digitization of books and rare manuscripts from more than 16 institutions.

 The website http://tamildigitallibrary.in hosts a comprehensive collection of 11,283 books

and journals, encompassing various publications and periodicals.

Five Concepts of Electronic Library System

1. Digital
An electronic library contains not only text data but also audio, graphics and motion videos in

digital data forms. Since all data are digitalized, different types of data can be easily combined and

high- level retrieval and other processing can be done.

2. Networking

When these types of electronic libraries appear in multiple locations and are inter-connected

through a network, a large virtual library is constructed over the network. It is a 'World Library'.

It crosses national boundaries regardless of the distance between actual electronic libraries.

3. Interactive

Electronic library system provides latest functions. It also allows books to be displayed on screen

like printed books. Computer makes progress in retrieving books and papers. This system helps

the user to display multiple books on the same screen, passing on from a link describing the same

idea in another book. It enables the user to link unknown words, notes and tags at various levels

in the book, translate the original text and output the text as voice data and refer to dictionaries and

thesauruses at the same time.

4. Multimedia

A user of an electronic library system can use data in various formats such as text, sound, graphics

and motion video. These multimedia data are much more comprehensible than conventional books

containing only text, graphs and tables.

5. Measurable

In the electronic library system, the available hardware, software and data sources are used to

create electronic libraries of varying sizes. An electronic library can be like a national library or as

small as a personal library.

Advantages of Tamil e-Library

1. e-libraries are now a favourite sector of businesses and governments as they provide easy access

to books, documents and various audio and visual information.

2. A limited amount of information can be stored in traditional libraries. As minimum space is

enough to set up an e-library, it is possible to store much more information.

3. Texts, documents, sound and light notes can be easily accessed with simple inputs.

4. Even from wikipedia, blogs, etc., information can be obtained.

5. Digitalization enables multiple users to access the same information simultaneously.

6. An e-library user does not have to go there directly. Information can be accessed from any part

of the world through internet connection.

7. It is great that users can use the digital library anytime day or night.

8. The same information can be received simultaneously by different parties.

9. Users can get the information they need from all the content by entering any word, name, title.

10. Images, sound, light information can be enhanced. By refining and storing the available

information, it is possible to protect it from destruction.

Problems of Tamil e-library (or) Disadvantages

1. Technology is changing from time to time. Accordingly,e-library should also improve its

technology.

2. Migration from stateless data, storage to a more stable system,programming language (or)

operating system.

3. While migrating the data to a new operating system (or) programming language, data loss also

occurs.

4. Data migration is becoming increasingly expensive as technology evolves. Thus, its security

becomes very complicated.

Sites where e-libraries are Available & e-Library Sites and Web Addresses

1. Tamil Nadu State School Textbooks and Secondary Teacher Training Textbooks for classes 1

to 10. http://www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in

2. Tamil Nadu Internet University e-library libindex.htm(Formerly known as Tamil Nadu Internet

University http://www.tamilvu.org/library/

3. Connemara e-libraryhttp://connemarapubliclibrarychennai. com/vettukku-oru-noolagam/

index.htm

4. Tamil Internet e-libraryhttp://tamildigitallibrary.in

5. Chennai Libraryhttp://www.chennailibrary.com

6. Thamizhagamhttp://www.thamizhagam.net/parithi/parithi.htm

7. Madurai Tamil Literaturee-synthesis Projecthttp://www.projectmadurai.org/pmworld.htm

8. Ancient books and Manuscriptshttp://www.thamilheritage.org/oldtext ebook/ebook.htm

9. Libraryhttp://www.noolaham.org/wiki/index.php

10. Anna Centenary Library http://www.annacentenarylibrary.org

4. Explain the functions and uses of Tamil dictionaries on the Internet?

Online Tamil Dictionaries

 A book that compiles all the words in a language in alphabetical order and explains the

meaning is called 'Agaramuthali'. It is also called a dictionary.

 Dictionaries, terminologies are a growing field that adapts to the development of a

language and the nature of the language in the respective period.

 A Tamil dictionary is commonly created by means of getting the required data through a

computer connected to the internet. The internet dictionary is called online Dictionary in

English.

Functions of Tamil Dictionaries on the Internet

 Online dictionaries can be used for a wide range of purposes and provide a lot of benefits

to people. Some of them are

i). Easy Access

 The popularity of online dictionaries has grown high. People don't have to tirelessly flip

through pages when they want to refer to a word. It is enough just to type in the search box

and click search.

 Therefore, the efficiency offered by online dictionaries allows people to have free time to

read additional materials.

ii). Readable

 Compared to print dictionaries, the font size of online dictionaries is much clearer.

 People don't have to strain their eyes when looking up a word in an online dictionary.
iii). Multi-Functional

 Print dictionaries have limited space. Hence, it is not possible to go into more details about

each word.

 On the other hand, online dictionaries can provide a lot of information related to the word,

i.e., the synonyms, antonyms, slang words and sentences. This information is found very

useful.

iv). As a Learning Tool

 Online dictionaries remain a great tool for the people who have thirst for knowledge.

 This means that they are not used by people only to refer to the meanings of words but also

for a higher level purpose. In fact, online dictionaries are used as a small tool for

entertainment and also for gaining knowledge. They can be used for perfecting the styleof

writing and speaking and to know different words.

 Moreover, these dictionaries provide translation features too. The users can know the

translation of words in different languages like Korean, Italian, Turkish, Chinese, English,

German, Spanish, Japanese, etc.,

 Translations are just a click away.

Advantages of Online Tamil Dictionaries/ Uses of Internet Dictionary

Researchers, linguists and linguists are greatly benefited by the availability of e-dictionaries on the

Internet.

1.The printed dictionaries should be searched and bought. But, online dictionaries are easy to refer.

2. Time is saved. There is no waste of time.

3. No need to look up the meaning of the word with a dictionary. In E-dictionary you can see and

feel multilingual dictionaries in Tamil and other languages.

4. Tamils throughout the world are benefited greatly by Tamil online dictionaries.

5. In the e-dictionary, words have been compiled and published department wise. It's easy for word

searchers.

6. It has found good reception for Tamil language in World E-Dictionary.

7. Definitions in multiple languages for one word is obtained in one place.

8. All of us can upload the case word, vernacular we know to the e-dictionary in the internet

specific e-dictionary (Tamil Wiktionary) and make it useful for the language and others.

9. E-dictionary increases global university connectivity and enhances the interest in learning a

another language

10. Many online dictionaries are available for free. Online dictionaries can be used for a wide

range of purposes and provide many benefits to people.

Want to work for the development of Tamil E-Dictionary

 Many new e-dictionaries should be created by Tamilnadu government or by us to add new

words. Only then will the superiority of Tamil be known to the world.

 It is enough for universities and colleges to compile the words in their area and post them

on their institutional websites with the meaning explanation. It will be a good journey for

the development of e-dictionary. It will also be a relief for Tamil.

 Tamil e-dictionaries should be launched on the Internet providing definitions of words in

more than ten foreign languages simultaneously.

Some Major Internet Dictionaries

 Tamil language enthusiasts, including language researchers and librarians, have taken the

initiative to create a digital Tamil dictionary.

 Currently, there are 75 electronic dictionaries dedicated to the Tamil language available

in the digital realm.

1. Online dictionary or e-dictionary

2. Tamil Virtual Academy E-Dictionary

3. Technical E-Dictionary

4. Digital Dictionaries of South Asia

5. Dictionary of Tamil language

6. Maduram E-Dictionary

7. Tamil Wiktionary
8. Google Tamil English E-Dictionary

9. Tamil Dictionary

10. Balsu dictionary

11.Tamil - Tamil - English Dictionary

1.Online dictionary or e-dictionary

A online dictionary or e-dictionary is usually a dictionary created to access data through a

computer connected to the Internet. Internet Dictionary is in English It can be interpreted as Online

Dictionary.

2.Tamil Virtual Academy

Terminology e-dictionary developed by Tamil Virtual Academy Sociology, Medicine, Veterinary

Medicine, Biotechnology, Arts and Anthropology, Information Technology, Agricultural

Engineering, Science, Law, Land Engineering, Tamil Virtual Academy has divided each

department into areas wise.

3. Technical E-Dictionary

Technology E-Dictionary Tamil Electrical, Electronics, Computer Science Vocabulary provides

best many terms. Computer, electrical, electronics etc. terms are featured in this e-dictionary.

4. Dictionary of Tamil language

South Asian E-Tamil Dictionary holds the top spot. There are five volumes namely Pepriyasu

Dictionary, Kathiraiver Pillai Dictionary, Alpin Dictionary, Madras University Dictionary,

Vinsulo Dictionary. This e-dictionary will be very useful for researchers, students.