NKT/KS/17/5539

Master of Science (M.Sc.) (Mathematics) Semester—III (C.B.S.) Examination

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Compulsory Paper—2
Time : Three Hours] [Maximum Marks : 100

N.B. :—Solve FIVE questions, choosing ONE from each Unit. Question No. 9 is compulsory.
UNIT—I
1. (a) Prove that n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn is complete with the norm :
12
 n 2
∑
||x|| =  ξi 
 i=1 
, for x = (ξ1 , ....ξn ) ∈ Rn. 6

(b) In l∞, prove that a set Y of all sequences with finitely many non-zero terms is a subspace of l∞ but not
closed. 3+3
(c) Show that for a linear operator T : D(T) →Y, D(T) ⊆ X, X and Y are normal spaces, continuity and
boundedness of T are equivalent. 8
2. (a) Show that Co , the space of all sequences of scalars converging to zero is a closed sub-space of Banach
space l∞. 3+3
(b) Let X be a vector space and let p be a seminorm on X, then prove that p is a norm on quotient space
X/N, where N is null-space of p. 8
(c) Let T be a bounded linear operator from a normed space X onto a normed space Y. If there is a +ve
real number b such that :
|| Tx || ≥ b || x ||, for all x ∈ X,
–1
then prove that T : Y → X exists and bounded. 6
UNIT—II
3. (a) Prove that a dual space X' of a normed space X is complete. 8
(b) Prove that l P -space, p ≠ 2, is not inner product space. 4
(c) If a Hilbert space H contains an orthonormal sequence which is total in H, then prove that H is
separable. 8
4. (a) Prove that the dual space l1' of l1 is isomorphic to l∞-space. 10

(b) Prove that an orthonormal set M in a Hilbert space H is total in H if and only if ∑ |< x, ek >| =|| x ||
2 2
,
K

for all x ∈ H. 10

NXO—12014 1 (Contd.)
 UNIT—III
5. (a) Let Z be a fixed element in an inner product space X and let f be a functional on X given by
f(x) = < x, z >, x ∈X, then prove that f is bounded Linear with a norm || f || = || z ||. 6
(b) If T is bounded self-adjoint linear operator on a Hilbert space H, then prove that Tn , n ∈ Z+ , is bounded
linear and self-adjoint operator. 8
(c) Define : Hahn-Banach Theorems for real vector space, for complex vector space and for normed
space. 6
6. (a) Let T be a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space H. Show that its Hilbert adjoint operator
T* exists, is unique and a bounded linear operator with || T* || = || T ||. 8

(b) Show that an isometric linear operator T : H → H which is not unitary maps the Hilbert space H onto
a proper closed subspace of it. 7
(c) Let p be a function defined on a vector space X satisfies p(x + y) ≤ p(x) + p(y) and p(α x) = |α|p(x),
for all x, y ∈ X and scalar_ α . Let xo ∈X, then prove that there exists a linear functional f̄ on X such
that f̄ (xo ) = p(xo ) and |f (x)| ≤ p(x), for all x ∈ X. 5
UNIT—IV
7. (a) State and prove Baire’s category theorem. 2+12
(b) Define weak Cauchy sequence and prove that it is bounded. 6
8. (a) Let X and Y be Banach spaces and T : X → Y, an injective bounded linear operator. Prove that
T–1 : R(T) → X is bounded if and only if R(T) is closed in Y. 10
(b) Let X and Y be normed spaces and let T : X → Y be a closed linear operator. Prove that the image
of compact subset of X is closed in Y and inverse image of a compact subset of Y is closed in X.
10
(Compulsory)
9. (a) Let T be linear operator on a vector space X. If dim D(T) = n < ∞, then prove that dim R(T) ≤ n.
5
(b) If a set {x1 , x2 , ......xn } is an orthonormal set in an inner product space X, then prove that it is L.I. and
2
n

∑x
i =1
i =n. 5

(c) Define Hilbert adjoint operator T* of a bounded Linear operator T on a Hilbert space H and prove
T *T = TT * = T .
2
that 1+4

(d) If (xn) is a sequence in a Banach space X such that (f(xn )) is bounded for all f ∈ X', then show that
( ||xn || ) is bounded. 5

NXO—12014 2 NKT/KS/17/5539