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26 views7 pages

L1t 1.1 Functions,+Domain+and+Range

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Papia Sultana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

1 Functions, Domain, and Range - Lesson


MCR3U
Jensen

Section 1: Relation vs. Function

Definitions

Relation – an identified pattern between two variables that may be represented as a table of
values, a graph, or an equation.

Functions – a relation in which each of value of the independent variable (x), corresponds to
exactly one value of the dependent variable (y)

Note: All functions are relations but not all relations are functions. For a relation to be a
function, there must be only one 'y' value that corresponds to a given 'x' value.

Function or Relation Investigation

1) Complete the following tables of values for each relation:

𝑦 = 𝑥! 𝑥 = 𝑦!

𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
−3 −3
−2 −2
−1 −1
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
2) Graph both relations

𝑦 = 𝑥! 𝑥 = 𝑦!

3) Draw the vertical lines 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, and 𝑥 = 2 on the graphs above.

4) Compare how the lines drawn in step 3 intersect each of the relations. Which relation is a function?
Explain why.

For y = x2 , none of the vertical lines drawn intersect the graph at more than one point. That means that for
each value of x, there is only 1 corresponding value of y. This means it is a function.

For x = y2 , some of the vertical lines drawn intersect the graph at more than one point. That means that some
x-values correspond to more than one y-value. This means it is NOT a function.
Section 2: Vertical Line Test

Vertical line test: a method for determining if a relation is a function or not. If every possible vertical line
intersects the graph of the relation at only one point, then the relation is a function.

Example 1: Use the vertical line test to determine whether each relation is a function or not.

a) b)

Not a function
Function
When x = 6, y = 0 and 4

c) d)

Function
Not a function
When x = 1, y = -5 and 3
Section 3: Domain and Range

For any relation, the set of values of the independent variable (often the x-values) is called the
_____________________ of the relation. The set of the corresponding values of the dependent variable (often
the y-values) is called the ________________ of the relation.

Note: For a function, for each given element of the domain there must be exactly one element in the range.

Domain: values x may take

Range: values y may take

General Notation

Real number: a number in the set of all integers, terminating decimals, repeating decimals, non-
terminating decimals, and non repeating decimals. Represented by the symbol ℝ

Example 2: Determine the domain and range of each relation from the data given.

a) { (-3, 4), (5, -6), (-2, 7), (5, 3), (6, -8) }
b)
𝑨𝒈𝒆 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓
4 8
5 12
6 5
7 22
8 14
9 9
10 11

Are each of these relations functions?


part a) is NOT a function. There are multiple y-values that correspond to an x-value of 5

part b) is a function. Each value for x has exactly one value for y.

Example 3: Determine the domain and range of each relation. Graph the relation first.

a) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5
b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)! + 3

c) 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 1 + 3

d) 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 36
"
e) 𝑦 = #$%

Asymptotes

Asymptote:

𝟏
The function 𝒚 = has two asymptotes:
𝒙$𝟑

Vertical Asymptote: Division by zero is undefined. Therefore the expression in the denominator of the
function can not be zero. Therefore x ≠ -3. This is why the vertical line x = -3 is an asymptote for this
function.

Horizontal Asymptote: For the range, there can never be a situation where the result of the division is
zero. Therefore the line y = 0 is a horizontal asymptote. For all functions where the denominator is a
higher degree than the numerator, there will by a horizontal asymptote at y = 0.

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