SUST

Collage of Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
4th Class – 7th semester – 2014

Structural Analysis II
Slope-Deflection Method

Tutorial No. (1)

Continuous Beams
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 2
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

Example 1
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the following beam using the Slope-Deflection
Method taking the Elastic Modulus (E) as constant along the beam.

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐷 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐷 = 0

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹
𝑃𝐿 20×4 𝑀 −10
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =− =− = −10 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 10 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝜔𝐿2 4×52 𝑀𝐹 −8.33
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −8.33 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 8.33 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹
𝑀 0
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐷𝐶 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ]=[0]
𝑀𝐷𝐶

3) Calculate the Stiffness:

𝐸𝐼 𝐸×(6000×10−8 )
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = = = (64)(10−5 𝐸) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (10−5 𝐸) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = (64)𝑘 = 1.5𝑘
𝐿 4
𝐸×(5000×10−8 )
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 5
= (55)(10−5 𝐸) = 𝑘
𝐸×(4000×10−8 )
→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 7
= (47)(10−5 𝐸) = 0.57𝑘

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 𝜃𝐴 𝑀𝐹 𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −10
→ [ ] = 𝐾𝐴𝐵 [ ] [ ] + [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] ⇛ [ ] = 1.5𝑘 [ ][ ]+ [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝜃𝐵 𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝜃𝐵 10
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝜃𝐵 −8.33
→ [ ] = 𝑘[ ][ ]+ [ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝜃𝐶 8.33
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 𝜃𝐶 0
→ [ ] = 0.57𝑘 [ ][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 0 0

5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
 3
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0 ⇛ [1.5𝑘(0 + 4𝜃𝐵 ) + 10] + [𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 ) − 8.33] = 0
10𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −1.67 ___ (1)
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0 ⇛ [𝑘(2𝜃𝐵 + 4𝜃𝐶 ) + 8.33] + [0.57𝑘(4𝜃𝐶 + 0) + 0] = 0
2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 6.28𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −8.33 ___ (2)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 0.105) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −1.360)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −10 −9.685
→ [ ] = 1.5 [ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 0.105 10 10.63
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 0.105 −8.33 −10.63
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −1.36 8.33 3.10
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 −1.36 0 −3.10
→ [ ] = 0.57 [ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 0 0 −1.55

8) Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 4
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

Example 2
Using the Slope-Deflection Method draw the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the
following beam. [𝐸 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ? & 𝜃𝐷 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐷 = 0

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹 𝑃𝑎𝑏2 15×2×32 30×3.5×1.52
𝑀𝐴𝐵 =− 𝐿2 = − [ 5 2 + 52
] = −20.25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐹 −20.25
→ 𝑃𝑎 2 𝑏 15×22 ×3 30×3.52 ×1.5
⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 29.25 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = [ 52 + ] = 29.25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐿2 52

𝜔𝐿2 10×62 𝑀𝐹 −30

𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −30 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 30 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝑃𝐿 40×4 𝑀𝐹 −20
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐷𝐶 =− =− = −20 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [ 20 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐷𝐸 = −20 × 2 = −40 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

3) Calculate the Stiffness:

𝐸𝐼 𝐸×(𝐼)
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿
= 5
= (15)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = (45)(𝐸𝐼
4
) = (45)𝑘 = 0.8𝑘
𝐸×(1.5𝐼)
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 6
= (14)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/4) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘
𝐸×(𝐼)
→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 4
= (14)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝑘

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −20.25
→ [ ] = 0.8 [ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐵 29.25
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐵 −30
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐶 30
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐶 −20
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐷 20

5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
𝐹
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑀𝐷𝐸 =0
 5
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0 ⇛ [0.8(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 ) + 29.25] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) − 30] = 0
7.2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 0.75 ___ (1)
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0 ⇛ [(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) + 30] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐷 ) − 20] = 0
2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 8𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −10 ___ (2)
𝐹 [(2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐷 ) + 20] + [−40] = 0
→ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑀𝐷𝐸 =0 ⇛
2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐷 = 20 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 0.975) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −3.136) & (𝑘𝜃𝐷 = 6.568)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −20.25 −18.69
→ [ ] = 0.8 [ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 0.975 29.25 32.37
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 0.975 −30 −32.37
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −3.136 30 19.41
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 −3.136 −20 −19.41
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 6.568 20 40

8) Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 6
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

Example 3
Using the Slope-Deflection Method sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown below. 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 [𝐸𝐼 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ? & 𝜃𝐷 = ?
→ ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐷 = 0

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹 12×1.52
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 2
= 13.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝜔𝐿2 12×52 𝑀𝐹 −25

𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 25 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝜔𝐿2 𝑃𝐿 12×52 60×5 𝑀𝐹 −62.5
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐷𝐶 = −[ + ] = −[ + ] = −62.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [ 62.5 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 8 12 8 𝑀𝐷𝐶

3) Calculate the Stiffness:

𝐸𝐼
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 5
⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/5) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘
𝐸𝐼
→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝑘
5

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐵 −25
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐶 25
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐶 −62.5
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐷 62.5

5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:

𝐹
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

𝐹 [13.5] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) − 25] = 0
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0 ⇛
4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 11.5 ___ (1)
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0 ⇛ [(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) + 25] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐷 ) − 62.5] = 0

2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 8𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐷 = 37.5 ___ (2)
 7
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

→ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0 ⇛ [(2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐷 ) + 62.5] = 0

2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −62.5 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = −2.375) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 10.500) & (𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −20.875)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 −2.375 −25 −13.50
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 10.5 25 62.25
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 10.5 −62.5 −62.25
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −20.875 62.5 0

8) The bending moment diagram:

Example 4
Use the Slope-deflection Method to calculate the moments at support for the beam shown below.
[𝐸𝐼 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 8
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ? & 𝜃𝐷 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐷 = 0

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹 40×3×22
𝑀𝐴𝐵 =− = −19.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝐹
52 𝑀 −19.20
→ 𝐹 40×2×32 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 28.80 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = 28.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐵𝐴
52

20×4 𝑀𝐹 −10
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− = −10 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 10 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹
10×32 𝑀 −7.5
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐷𝐶 =− = −7.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [ 7.5 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 𝑀𝐷𝐶

𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐷𝐸 = −10 × 2 = −20 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

3) Stiffness:
𝐸𝐼
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 5
⟹𝑘

𝐸𝐼 5 5 𝐸𝐼
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 4
×5 = 4×(5) ⟹ 1.25𝑘

𝐸𝐼 5 5 𝐸𝐼
→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 3
×5 = 3×(5) ⟹ 1.67𝑘

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −19.20
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐵 28.80
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐵 −10
→ [ ] = 1.25 [ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐶 10
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐶 −7.5
→ [ ] = 1.67 [ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐷 7.5

5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 50 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 50
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
𝐹
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑀𝐷𝐸 =0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 50 ⇛ [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 ) + 28.80] + [1.25(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) − 10] = 50
9𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2.5𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 31.2 ___ (1)
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0 ⇛ [1.25(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) + 10] + [1.67(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐷 ) − 7.5] = 0

2.5𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 11.68𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 3.34𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −2.5 ___ (2)
 9
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

𝐹 [1.67(2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐷 ) + 7.5] + [−20] = 0

→ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑀𝐷𝐸 =0 ⇛
3.34𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 6.68𝑘𝜃𝐷 = 12.5 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 3.986) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −1.870) & (𝑘𝜃𝐷 = 2.806)

7) Final End Moments: (Moments at supports)

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −19.20 −11.23
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 3.986 28.80 44.74
𝑀 4 2 3.986 −10 5.26
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 1.25 [ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −1.870 10 10.62
𝑀 4 2 −1.870 −7.5 −10.62
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = 1.67 [ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 2.806 7.5 20

Example 5 (Support Settlement)

Calculate the reactions and draw the bending moment diagram, if the support (B) sinks by (10 𝑚𝑚)
using the Slope-Deflection Method, taking the Bending Rigidity (𝐸𝐼 = 4000 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 ).

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐶 = 0 & ∆𝐵 = 10 𝑚𝑚
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐴𝐵); ∆𝐴𝐵 = +10 𝑚𝑚 = +0.01 𝑚
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); ∆𝐵𝐶 = −10 𝑚𝑚 = −0.01 𝑚

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 𝜔𝐿2 20×82 𝑀𝐴𝐵 −106.67
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =− =− = −106.67 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ] = [ 106.67 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 𝑃𝐿 60×4 𝑀𝐵𝐶 −30
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −30 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ] = [ 30 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐶𝐵

3) Calculate the Stiffness:

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 4000
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿
= 8
= 4
= 4
= 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘
𝐸𝐼 4000
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐿
= 4
= 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 𝑘

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝜃𝐴
𝑀 4 2 −6 𝜃 𝑀𝐹
→ [ 𝐴𝐵 ] = 𝐾𝐴𝐵 [ ] [ 𝐵 ] + [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 𝑀𝐵𝐴
∆/𝐿
 10
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

0 0
𝑀 4 2 −6 −106.67 𝑀 4 2 −6 −106.67
[ 𝐴𝐵 ] = [ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐵 ] + [ ] ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵 ] = [ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐵 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 106.67 𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 106.67
0.01𝑘/8 1.25
𝑘𝜃𝐵 𝑘𝜃𝐵
𝑀 4 2 −6 𝑀𝐵𝐶
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = [ ][ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ] + [−30] ⇛ [ ]=[
4 2 −6
] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ] + [
−30
]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 30 𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 30
−0.01𝑘/4 −2.5

5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 ⇛ [(0 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 6 × 1.25) + 106.67] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 6 × −2.5) − 30] = 0
8𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −84.17 ___ (1)
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 ⇛ [(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 6 × −2.5) + 30] = 0
2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −45 ___ (2)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = −8.810) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −6.845)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 0
4 2 −6 −106.67 −131.79
→ [ ]=[ ] [−8.81] + [ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 106.67 63.93
1.25
𝑀𝐵𝐶 −8.81
4 2 −6 −30 −63.93
→ [ ]=[ ] [−6.845] + [ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 30 0
−2.5

8) The reactions and bending moment diagram:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 11
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

Example 6 (Support Settlement)

Calculate the final end moments if the support (B) sinks by (20 𝑚𝑚) and support (C) by (12 𝑚𝑚) using
the Slope-Deflection Method. [𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐸𝐼 = 5000 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 ]

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ? & 𝜃𝐷 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐷 = 0 & ∆𝐵 = 20 𝑚𝑚 & ∆𝐶 = 12 𝑚𝑚

→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐴𝐵); ∆𝐴𝐵 = +20 𝑚𝑚 = +0.02 𝑚

→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); ∆𝐵𝐶 = −(20 − 12) = −8 𝑚𝑚 = −0.008 𝑚
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐶𝐷); ∆𝐶𝐷 = −12 𝑚𝑚 = −0.012 𝑚

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝑃𝑎𝑏2 30×2×42 30×4×22 𝑀𝐹 −40
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =− = −[ + ] = −40 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 40 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐿2 62 62 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝜔𝐿2 15×52 𝑀𝐹 −31.25
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −31.25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 31.25 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝑃𝐿 50×4 𝑀𝐹 −25
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐷𝐶 =− =− = −25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [ 25 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐷𝐶
3) Calculate the Stiffness:
2𝐸𝐼 2(5000)
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = = = 1.67 × 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 1.67𝑘
𝐿 6
1.5𝐸𝐼 1.5(5000)
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐿
= 5
= 1.5 × 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 1.5𝑘
𝐸𝐼 5000
→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝐿
= 4
= 1.25 × 103 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 1.25𝑘

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

0
𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 −6 −40
→ [ ] = 1.67 [ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐵 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 40
0.02𝑘/6
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑘𝜃𝐵
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 −6 −31.25
→ [ ] = 1.5 [ ][ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 31.25
−0.008𝑘/5
 12
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

𝑘𝜃𝐶
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 −6 −25
→ [ ] = 1.25 [ ][ 𝑘𝜃𝐷 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 25
−0.012𝑘/4

𝑀𝐴𝐵 0
4
2 −6 −40
⇛ [ ] = 1.67 [ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐵 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2
4 −6 40
3.33
𝑀 𝑘𝜃𝐵
4 2 −6 −31.25
⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 1.5 [ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 31.25
−1.6
𝑘𝜃𝐶
𝑀 4 2 −6 −25
⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = 1.25 [ ] [𝑘𝜃𝐷 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 25
−3
5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0;
[1.67(0 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 6 × 3.33) + 40] + [1.5(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 6 × −1.6) − 31.25] = 0
12.68𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 3𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 10.22 ___ (1)
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0;
[1.5(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 6 × −1.6) + 31.25] + [1.25(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐷 − 6 × −3) − 25] = 0
3𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 11𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2.5𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −43.15 ___ (2)
→ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0;
[1.25(2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐷 − 6 × −3) + 25] = 0
2.5𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 5𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −47.5 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 1.377) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −2.413) & (𝑘𝜃𝐷 = −8.293)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 0
4
2 −6 −40 −68.77
⇛ [ ] = 1.67 [ ] [1.377] + [ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2
4 −6 3.33 40 15.83

𝑀 1.377
4 2 −6 −31.25 −15.83
⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 1.5 [ ] [−2.413] + [ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 −1.6 31.25 35.3

𝑀 4 2 −6 −2.413 −25 −35.3

⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = 1.25 [ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 −8.293−3 25 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 13
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

Example 7 (Support Settlement)

The settlement of (16 𝑚𝑚) of the support (C) is due to the applied load shown. Calculate the final end
moments and reactions if the Flexural Rigidity (𝐸𝐼 = 200 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 ) along the whole length of the beam.

Solution:

1) Determine the unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = 0 & ∆𝐶 = 16 𝑚𝑚
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐴𝐵); ∆𝐴𝐵 = 0
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); ∆𝐵𝐶 = +16 𝑚𝑚 = +0.016 𝑚

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝑃𝐿 100×8 𝑀𝐹 −100
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =− =− = −100 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 100 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝜔𝐿2 24×82 𝑀𝐹 −128
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −128 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 128 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = −20 × 2 = −40 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

3) Calculate the Stiffness:

𝐸𝐼 200
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿
= 8
= 25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = 25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘
200
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = = 25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 𝑘
8

4) Write the Slope-Deflection Equations:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −100
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐵 100
𝑘𝜃𝐵 𝑘𝜃𝐵
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 −6 𝑀𝐵𝐶
→ [ ]=[ ][ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ] + [−128] ⇛ [ ]=[
4 2 −6
] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ] + [
−128
]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 128 𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 128
0.016𝑘/8 0.05

5) Determine the Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝐹
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 =0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 ⇛ [(0 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 ) + 100] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 6 × 0.05) − 128] = 0
8𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 28.3 ___ (1)
𝐹 [(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 6 × 0.05) + 128] + [−40] = 0
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 ⇛
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −87.7 ___ (2)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 10.307) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −27.079)

 14
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Beams)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −100 −79.39
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 10.307 100 141.23
𝑀 10.307
4 2 −6 −128 −141.23
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = [ ] [−27.079] + [ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 128 40
0.05

8) The reactions:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg