A subprogram that acts on data and often returns a value
▪ Enables reusability and reduces redundancy.
▪ Makes a code modular.
▪ Provides abstraction functionality.
▪ The program becomes easy to understand and manage.
▪ Breaks an extensive program into smaller and simpler
pieces.
▪Built-in functions – eg. print(), len(), int() etc.
▪Functions defined in modules – to use
math.pow(), we need to import math module
▪User-defined functions – Defined by
programmers
▪ Python supports three types of formal arguments/parameters:
Important points to remember about function argument
• Default arguments should follow non-default
arguments
• keyword arguments should follow positional
arguments only.
• The order of keyword arguments is not
important, but All the keyword arguments
passed must match one of the arguments
accepted by the function.
• No argument should receive a value more
than once.
SCOPE OF
VARIABLES
▪ Global variables: are created when the program
begins and are lost when it ends.They are
accessible throughout the entire program, and
inside every function. Global variables are declared
outside of every function.
▪ Local variables: When a variable is defined within a
function's body or a local scope or block, we call
such variables a local variable. These variables are
known to have a local scope. Local scope means that
these variables can be used or accessed within the
function's scope
NAME RESOLUTION
(RESOLVING SCOPE OF A NAME):
▪ The LEGB rule is a name lookup procedure that
determines the order in which Python looks up
names. LEGB stands for Local, Enclosing, Global, and
Built-in.
▪ When you pass a mutable object to a function, the function is actually passed a
reference to the object. This means that the function can change the object's
contents, but it cannot change the object's identity.
▪ When you pass an immutable object to a function, the function is passed a copy of
the object. This means that the function cannot change the object's value.
def change_string(str1):
str1 = "Hello world, Welcome to NPS"
str1 = "Hello, world!"
change_string(str1)
print(str1)
