WV ne BS V0 Ready for workbook Suitable for the updated CAE examMacmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford OX¢ 3PP A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-2300-2888-3 (+key edition) ISBN 978-0-2300-2889-0 (-key edition) ‘Text © Roy Norris and Amanda French 2008 Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008 First published 2008 Al rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any ‘means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recarding, or ctherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Designed by eMC Design; www-emedesign.org.uk ‘Mlustrated by Richard Duszczak, Peter Harper and Laszlo Veres Cover design by Barbara Mercer Cover photograph by Corbis ‘We would like to thank Joe Wilson, Deborah Friedland, Amanda Anderson and Louise Tester for their excellent editorial work. Roy Norris would also like to thank his wile, Azucena, and daughters, ‘Lara and Elisa, for their support and understanding. Amanda, French would like to thank Liam Keane, and staff at Languages Intemational, Auckland, ‘The publishers would like to thank Paulette Dooler, Permissions Consultant for all her hard work in obtaining text permissions for this course. ‘The author and publishers are grateful for permission to reprint the following copyright material: Extract from Is this your idea of fun?" by Mark MacKenzie copyright © The Independent 2004, first published in The Independent 11.02.08, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extracts from ‘Island Hopping to a New World’ by Alex Markels copyright © U.S News & World Report 2004, first published in 1S News & Worl Report 23.02.04, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher, Extract from "The house of maps’ by Peter Whitfield from Geographical Magazine December 2003, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from 'No cure for the summertime blues’ by Paull Gould copyright © Paul Gould 2003, first published in Financial Times 06.09.03. reprinted by permission of the author. Extract from ‘Ring for Mrs Jeeves’ by Kate Spicer copyright © N [Syndication 2002, first published in The Sunday Times 01.09.02, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘A daily hug brings the touch of success’ by Oliver ‘Wright copyright © NI Syndication 2002, first published in The Times 05.04.02, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘Machine rage is dead... long live emotional ‘computing: consoles and robots detect and respond (o users’ feelings’ by Robin McKie copyright © Guardian News & Media Limited 2004, first published in The Observer 11.04.04, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Bxtract from The Kitchen God's Wife by Amy Tan (Fontana, 1991) copyright © Amy Tan 1991, reprinted by permission of Harper Collins and Abner Stein, Extract {rom ‘Dutch freedom and respect allow youth to flourish’ by Isabel Conway copyright © The Independent 2007, first published in The Independent 14.02.07, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from "Paws for thought’ by Mary Braid copyright © N 1 Syndication 2004, first published in The Suiiday Times 01.02.04, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘Noises after hours’ by Luisa Dillner copyright © Guardian News & Media Limited 1996, first published in The Guardian 23.01.96, reprinted by permission of the publisher. ‘Extract from ‘Musical genius is genetic, twins study shows’ by David Charter copyright © NI Syndication 2001, first published in The Times 09.03.01, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract {rom "The boy who broke every rule in the book’ by ‘Scarlett Thomas copyright © The Independent 2004, frst. published in The Independent 29.02.04, reprinted by permission of the publisher: Extract from “The new way to burn fat ~ set yourself on fire’ by Hazel Knowles copyright © The Telegraph 2005, first published in The Sunday Telegraph 05.12.05, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘It's so easy to work out’ by Wanda Cash copyright © The Telegraph 2003, first published in The Daily Telegraph 06.02.03, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘The Truth is out There on the Net by Clive ‘Thompson copyright © Clive Thompson 2004, taken from The New Zealand Herald 05.04.06, Extract from ‘Mobile throwing contest is to0 close to call by Tim Moore copyright © N 1 Syndication 2002, first published in The Tires 23.08.02, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘Driving in New Zealand! taken from www nnewzealand.com, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher. Extract from The Art of Travel by Alain de Botion (Hamish Hamilion, 2002) copyright © Alain de Botton 2002, reprinted by permission of Penguin Books Lid. Extract from ‘Wide Angle National Geographical Western and Southern Europe’ edited by Ferdinand Protzman (National Geographic, 2005), reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘Dear luggage wish you were here... by Mark Hodson copyright © NI Syndication 2002, first published in The Sunday Times 28.08.02, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher. Extract from "The revolution in the Way we travel by Simon Calder copyright © The Independent 2007, frst published in The Independent 15.06.07, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher. Extract from ‘Social climbers build nev life fn treetops’ by Tom, Robbins and Geraldine Murray copyright © N I Syndication 2000, frst published in The Sunday Times 13.02.00, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from My Paris copyright © The Independent 2004, first published in The Independent on Sunday 21.03.04, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher. Extract from ‘Student stands by Tammy Wynette for geography degree’ by Paul Stokes copyright © The Telegraph 2002, first published in The Daily Telegraph 19.07.02, reprinted by permission of the publisher. [Extract from ‘How the opera is being repackaged to appeal to young school children’ by Tim Walker copyright © The Independent 2007, frst published in The Independent 22.03.07, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from'Hippo Heaven’ by Mark Debble copyright © BBC Wildlife 2003, first published {a BBC Wildlife Magazine February 2003, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from Rainforest Concern Advertisement: We Have a Choice copyright © Rainforest Concer, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from The World Without Us by Alan Weisman (Virgin Books, 2007) copyright © Alan Weisman 2007, reprinted by permission of the publisher Extract from ‘Give them ste by John Litchfield copyright © The Independent 2004, first published in The Independent 24.03.04, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from Britain is the ready-meal glutton’ by Anthony Browne copyright © N'T Syndication 2003, first published in The Times 21.02.03, reprinted by permission of the publisher. Extract from ‘Elderly lose £40 mallion in distraction’ by John Steele copyright © The Telegraph 2001, first published in The Daily Telegraph 28.12.01, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher [Exiract from What’ so good about EMA? from wonidirect.gow. ui, copyright © HMSO. Extract from Who needs money when you've gota spring in your step?’ by Hermoione Eyre copyright © The Independent 2004, rst published in The Independent 175.08, reprinted by permission of the publisher, Extract from Giving money away makes you fee! better ~ especially if you're a woman’ by Steve Connor copyright © The Independent 2007, first published in The Independent 15.06.07, reprinted by permission of uke publisher. Extract from "The joy of modem life’ by Rachel Rage copyright © The Independent 1999, frst published in The Independent 21.12.99, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher. ‘These materials may contain links for third party websites. We hhave no control over, and are not responsible for, the contents of, such third party websites, Please use care when accessing them. ‘The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for ‘permission to reproduce their photographs: Alamy pp20, 44 Corbis pp4,9, 58 Bye Ubiquitous pp36, 68, 92 Image Source p13, 32, 72 Tupiter pp39, 84 Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holders before publication, in some cases this has not been possible, If contacted, we will be pleased to rectify any errors oF omissions at the earliest opportunity: zot2 2011 2010 2009 2008 wes76s4aztContents 1 Aiming high 4 2 Times change 12 3. Gathering information 20 4 Work time 28 5 Getting on 36 6 Allin the mind? 44 7 Feeling good 52 8 This is the modern world 60 9 Going places 68 10 House and home 76 11 Acultural education 84 12 The world about us 92 13 Food for thought 100 14 Money matters 108 Word formation list 116 Answer key 129CAE Part 4 Multiple matching 1 Read the article about the explorer Ranulph Fiennes quickly. In the article, is he mainly A giving advice to inexperienced explorers? B talking about the nature of exploration? C promoting adventure travel to young people? 2 For questions 1-15, answer by choosing from the sections of the article (A-G). Some of the choices may be required more than once. In which section are the following mentioned? the suggestion that Fiennes still seems enthusiastic about exploration 1 an aspect of Fiennes's character that has been unfairly highlighted 2 a negative effect of the growing interest in adventure travel 3. a reason Fiennes gives for exploration becoming more appealing to amateurs 4 5 6 7 a misconception regarding the knowledge previous explorers had Fiennes’s fascination with a field in which he is fairly inexperienced Fiennes's opinion that someone who is reasonably fit could reach the South Pole the belief that explorers have too much respect for their own field 8 the view that only professional explorers were capable of reaching distant destinations 9 the instinctive human desire to explore new places 10__ the suggestion that more care is taken on difficult routes 11 Fiennes’s primary motivation for being an explorer 12 the importance given by explorers to achieving something before anyone clse 13___ Fiennes being held in high regard by other adventurers 14__ Fiennes's suggestion that people find increasingly unusual ways to achieve recognition 15_Aiming high @& Is this your idea of fun? ‘Sir Ranulph Fiennes Is the world’s greatest living explorer. But now it seems an endless stream of people are conquering the South Pole or clambering up Everest. Mark MacKenzie asks him, is the exploring game becoming too easy? A In the field of human exploration, Sir Ranulph Flennes's personal achievements are remarkable and his ‘numerous expeditions to the North and South Poles have, ‘tumed him into an ioonic figure, the explorer’s explorer. Now there are many amateurs that would follow In his ‘footsteps. Adventure travel is one of the fastest growing ‘sectors of the travel market. Offering trips to destinations Including Mount Everest, Antarctica and the South Pole, tour companies can now provide access for those less ‘tough to remote parts of the planet once considered the exclusive playgrounds of Fiennes and his peers. B This year, record numbers are expected at the base camp of Everest, in the hope of reaching the summit of the world's tallest peak. So, is the exploring game getting 100 easy? ‘Anyone who plans carefully could get to the South Pole if they'e in relatively good condition and, ‘go atthe right time of year; says Fiennes.'I would say the same of Mount Everest. Ifthe weather's good and you take a reasonable guide, you should be able to get up even if you've never cilmbed before. However, there are still plenty of expeditions the majority of the public ‘would not be able to do. Crossing the whole continent of Antarctica unsupported, for example, your troubles only really start at the South Pole, But the urge to go to far- flung regions is Innate to man; Flennes continues, ‘and | think provided there is no ecological damage, this Is fine. ‘On Everest, though, there has been a dramatic Impact in terms of litter? c But with specialist companies willing to deposit Increasing numbers of tourists in ever more remote locations, Is exploring stil a true test of character? ‘The challenge is what you make of it’ says Fiennes. ‘In the wrong weather, you can have the most horrendous time cn reasonably easy routes. But the ratlo of accidents on Everest or at the South Pole Is less than that on certain ‘tourist routes, because you expect to be very cold and ‘encounter crevasses and so you are naturally more ‘cautious: Also lying behind the increasing numbers of ‘extreme adventurers, says Fiennes, is the Improved technology used for polar equipment. i's all alot lighter now, less bulky. If you're inexperienced, that makes these Journeys @ lot more appealing? D Patrick Woodhead, whose young team reached the ‘South Pole in 75 days, thinks the explorer community has a tendency to be overly reverential towards their discipline and otalms his South Pole trek was a thoroughly enjoyable experience. However, last year, Fiennes published a blography of the original Antarctic. explorer, Captain Robert Falcon Scott, and he feels there are those among madern explorers who remain ignorant. of the debt they owe to Scott's ploneering spirit. People ‘today think we knew back then that Antarctica was a continent —we didn't, On his first expedition to Antarctica jn 1902, Scott made an 800-mile journey when the furthest expedition previously had been 14 miles! E What is that has driven expiorers to the extremes of the Earth? ‘Explorers have always had a thousand different. motives; Fiennes acknowledges. If 'm asked myself, |.am quite clear. Its my profession and how | make an Income. There are people who aren't comfortable with that. 'm supposed to say “Because i's there to be ‘conquered| think some people stil need this image of nobility’ Such frankness has contributed to Fiennes's reputation for occasional haughiiness, On an expedition Jn 1971, he made the mistake of taking along a television. crew, It meant good pubilcity for future expeditions; he says, but they deliberately set out with the aim of showing me up as a dictator? F Nevertheless, Fiennes has built his reputation on the only sort of accomplishment that matters among his, peers being fist. When Sir Edmund Hillary first scaled Everest, he used every aid at his disposal. The next first” then has to be the person to do it without oxygen, then the first solo ascent and so on/ So are there any true ‘firsts'loft? In part, I's the attitude of the individual, he ‘says. if something has been done, they wil find their own. firsts. Eventually, expeditions end up relying on gimmicks; for example, going to the South Pole on a motorbike, or ‘ona camel and so on! G In 1992, Fiennes completed his first archaeological ‘expedition to find the fost city of Ubar in the deserts of (Oman, He admits he found the detective work intriguing, albett a challenge for a relative amateur, and believes the Possibility of making similar discoveries may increasingly ‘occupy his time In the future. While most men his age are thinking about retirement, his appetite for adventure appears undiminished. Last November, he and Mike ‘Stroud became the first men to run seven marathons in ‘seven countries in as many days. Is adventuring getting 00 easy? Not just yet.HED Aiming high Wordlist on page 209 of the Coursebook. Verb and noun collocations Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box. out with in to into 1 Their solar panel business ran___ problems after a succession of wet summers in the mid-1990s, 2. Last year’s police campaign to reduce the number of accidents on motorways met limited success. 3. Unionleaders have not ruled___ the possibility of taking strike action. 4 Her attempt to cycle across the Sahara ended___ failure yesterday, when she fell off her bike and broke her leg. 5 Taking on the Cup holders was no easy task, but they rose__the challenge and drew 1-1. Adjective and noun collocations 1 One of the items of vocabulary in each group is not normally used with the word in capitals. Cross out the item which does not fit. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 distinct heavy “remote strong POSSIBILITY 1 fair inside realistic slim CHANCE, 2 potential recurrent resounding trivial © PROBLEM 3 buming daunting exciting fresh CHALLENGE 4 hard high personal ‘poor MOTIVATION 5 huge overnight roaring terrible SUCCESS 6 continued dismal inevitable urgent = —- FAILURE 7 heated lifelong greatest secret AMBITION 8 major outlying remarkable sporting ACHIEVEMENT 2 Complete each space with an appropriate adjective from exercise 1. There is an example at the beginning (0). © Ican‘t understand why he applied for the job; there wasn’t even a_temote possibility that he'd get it. 1 Recent corruption scandals mean that the party now stands only a. chance of victory in the forthcoming elections. 2 During his adolescence, serious illness wasa__ problem, and always seemed to strike at exam time. 3. The situation does pose arather____ challenge, but we will not be put off. 4 His consistently low marks seem to be both the result and the cause of. motivation. 5. The book brought her great wealth and worldwide fame, but this was no. success; her previous two novels had been bestsellers in her own country. 6 Itwasanight of. failure for British athletes, whose recent successes had given cause for great optimism. 7 AsTve always said, its been a. ambition of mine to play Hamlet, and now atlast I can fulfil it. 8 Undoubtedly, the greatest. achievement of the year was Alek Schmidt's record-breaking marathon run of two hours and four minutes.Aiming high QI Word formation Complete each gap with an appropriate noun form of the word in capitals at the end of the sentence. There is an example at the beginning (0). POW APRETIN © Many people atthe club are questioning the wledom __of signing the ch 16-year-old goalkeeper. WISE thoneetive reir: 2 Excessive to direct sunlight should of course be avoided. EXPOSE form of the noun. 2. Councillors have once again rejected foranew multi-storey car park. PROPOSE 3. Management criticized the unions for their stubbom attitude and. {in the wage negotiations. FLEXIBLE 4 The government is concerned at the number of unfilled in the nursing profession. VACANT 5 There is a strong feeling within the company that greater should be placed on staff development. EMPHASIZE 6 Failure to meet legal safety has led to the temporary closure of the fairground. REQUIRE 7. She chose to live in Brighton because ofits mild climate and. to London, CLOSE 8 There is a chronic of housing in our cities. SHORT 9 Thecomplete of this answer shows that the candidate did not read the question carefully. RELEVANT 10 Heachieved. for failing a drugs test after winning an Olympic final, NoToRIOUS Language focus © Grammar reference on page 216 of the Coursebook. Spelling ‘The following letter contains 20 spelling mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them. \ Dear Sit, tan article if ‘ plain about e ‘Ming 40 comp Mel 1a aig ind tne | testi in last weekend's edition newspaper: am proud to consider myself ambitious, this is not at the expense of my staff, who would, I know, be only too pleased for you to inlervue them, Indeed, they would be disappointed if they where not given the oportunity to inform your readers of their generous salary, Impresive working conditions and excellent promotion prospects the growth of vicle, wich analyses ho The arvcational publishing company, “AUC mi eribes me as a man with SABO esc s if success little education’ and atiributes Cae tle Gesive ambition and & COMPING, 1 10 ond for the wellfare of Ris om eet f corse, ol a af h I do not inte fy ny al gness methods, their arene O my. basi ho ; two Y servations 1 feel I ong vained vaonomies degree 1 obkaine i pol te a jer reel, as 1 graduated Wi urs. In adition whilst As you can imagine, your article has caused considerable pane and embarrassment, both too myself and my family, who found it exiremly upsetting I trast you will print an apology in the next edition of your newspaper, pointing out and rectifying the innacuracies in the article Yours faithfuly John Austin Firstly, # from Bris tparticularly, ‘first class hone!HED Aiming high Modal verbs: might, could, may, can 1 In 1-7, complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. There is an example at the beginning (0). © Would you mind lending me your pen for a moment? ‘May_Lborrow your penforamoment __? 1 Although he lives here, we never see him. He may : 2 They're very likely to ask you to speak French during the interview. ‘You may 3 Perhaps she didn't know you were married. She might : 4 He had a good chance of getting the job, but he didn't apply. Ifhe'd applied for the job, he could 5 Irarely use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it. Irarely use my bike these days, so I may 6 Why on earth didn't you tell me you were vegetarian? ‘You might 7 it's unlikely she was enjoying herself very much. She can't T rarely use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it! 2 In 17, one of the three alternatives is incorrect. Cross it out. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 You mightnot/may not/cannot leave until I give you permission. 1 Its not my scarf -I think it might/could/can be Graham's. 2 It might/may/could not be warm enough to eat outside tonight, but we'll keep our fingers crossed. 3. He’s so lazy — he might/may/could at least offer to do the washing up! 4 know you didn’t want to come, but you might/may/could as well try and enjoy yourself now that you're here, 5 Don’t run across the road like that again - you might/may/could have been run over! 6 It was a tough walk, but we could/vere able to/managed to reach the end before it got dark. 7 Police are now saying that the fire might/may/could not have been started deliberately, although they have refused to rule out the possibility of arson entirely.Use of English CAE Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze Aiming high @ For questions 1-12, read the text below and then decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). On top of the world In May 1998, just two years after breaking his back in a parachuting accident whilst (0) __ in the army, Bear Grylls became the youngest Briton to (1) __ the summit of Mount Everest and return (2)__. He was just 23 years old. ‘As his back recovered and he regained his (3)_ Bear decided to leave the army in order to pursue his lifelong ambition to conquer the highest (4) in the world. A friend of his was organising an expedition to Everest and Bear asked to (5) _. After a year spent preparing for the climb and (6) __ sponsorship money, he and his companions moved out to the Himalayas to (7)_up the challenge. In (8) ___ Bear spent over 10 weeks on the mountain's south-east face. This (8) a whole week at Camp Two simply waiting for the right conditions to make his attempt on the summit. When he finally made it to the top, he sat for 20 minutes, just gazing in wonder at the (10) __ before him, The hardest part was still to come though. Every year the number of climbers killed on Everest increases, with most deaths occurring on the descent. Itis (11) __ surprising then, that Bear should feel a (12)__ sense of relief when he eventually got back to base camp. Three British climbers under 25 have tried to conquer Everest; Bear is the only one to survive, 0 A assisting 1 A achieve 2 Alive 3 A power 4 A crest 5 A join 6 A rising 7 A take 8 A summary 9 A contained 10A eyesight 11 A strongly 12A great oe ee C living © vigour C peak © attach © arising © face C total © comprised C vision © rarely C wide D put D conclusion D consisted D view D hardly D fullBED Aiming high Wi ing Competition entries + Read the following Writing Part 2 task. ‘You see the following announcement in an international magazine: ' Greatest sportsperson competition We are planning a series of TV programmes about the 10 greatest sportsmen and women of all time, Which sportsperson would you nominate to be included in the series? Write to us describing this person's achievements and explaining why you feel he or she should be included, ‘Write your competition entry in 220-260 words. 2 Inthe entry below, the name of the nominee has been covered with ink stains, Read the entry and decide which of the tennis players A~D is described. A IwanLendl B Ile Nistase © Bjorn Borg D Boris Becker was without doubt the most outstanding tennis player of his generation and one of the all-time sporting greats. In the late 1970s this highly salented | young man put all other players in the shade and your forthcoming series would be incomplete withou! a programme about him. It is the fact that he achieved so much so young that makes him such a sirong candidate for a nomination. In 1974, at the age of seventeen, he became the youngest man io hold a Grand Slam singles title the French Open, which he went on to win another five times in the next Ven year's. And as 4 wenly-yearold he became the youngest ever Wimbledon champion, a title he claimed five times in a row. Whether on grass or cla names of hi he culclassed all the other big Admittedly, some of the records he set have since been equalled or broken, and he lost four US Open finals to Jimmy Connors and John McEnroe. But what set him apart from these players was his cool lemperament, which helped him remain calm under pressure and earned him the nickname ‘Ice Man. And with his two-handed backhand and powerful shots from the baseline, he changed the face of tennis and had a strong influence on the way the game is played today retired when he was just 26. Whe knows what else he might have achieved if he'd continued playing, but the fact that he stopped at the height of his career helped make him into a legend and he surely deserves a place among your sop ten greatest sportspeeple. 10 mane)Aiming high @ ‘What is the purpose of the first and last paragraphs in the model? In which part or parts of the model does the writer describe the nominee's, achievements? ‘What reasons does the writer give for including him in the TV series? Find examples of words and phrases in the model which express the fact that the nominee was a good sportsperson and/or better than others, eg the most outstanding tennis player of his generation Either: a write your own answer to the task in exercise 1. or: b write an answer for one of the following competitions: © The greatest writer of all time © The greatest living actor/actress © The most talented musician of the last thirty years © The most influential political leader of all time ‘You should write 220-260 words. Before you write your answer, read the Don't forget box and do the exercise in the Useful language section below. DOT ia © Plan your answer before you write, © Address all the points in the task, © Use a range of vocabulary. Write in a consistent register. Finish with a strong final paragraph. Useful language Complete each of the expressions with a word from the box. ability class gift head match none peak standard 1 Asa jazz musician, Charlie Parker was ina of his own, 2 Tain M Banks stands and shoulders above other science-fiction writers of his generation. 3 When she was at her she won 17 consecutive races on the international circuit, 4 She is unrivalled in her to portray downtrodden characters who icul struggle to overcome their ies. 5 Borg was more than a for Vilas and the Swede won in straight sets. 6 Early on in his career he showed a for writing short stories. 7 Asa football player Maradona was second to 8 Her acting is always of the highest 11Ti Multiple choice mes change You are going to read a magazine article about the first people to arrive in the Americas. For questions 1-7, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Island hopping to a new world Digging in a dank limestone cave in Canada’s Queen Charlotte Islands last summer, Christina Heaton hardly noticed the triangular piece of chipped stone she'd unearthed in a pile of debris. Then, as her scientist father, Timothy, sifted through the muck, he realized her unwitting find was actually invaluable. It ‘was a spear point. Bear bones found near the artefact indicated its owner had presumably speared the beast, ‘which later retreated into the cave and eventually died with the point till lodged in its loins. Radiocarbon tests coon dated the remains at about 12,000 years old, making them the earliest signs of human activity in the region or, for that matter, in all of tho Americas. Almost from the moment the first white explorers set ‘eyes on America’s indigenous Indians’, people have ‘wondered where they camo from. Fray Jose Acosta, a ‘Jesuit priest, was one ofthe first to make a sensible conjecture in 190 that a small group from Asia's northernmost latitudes must have walked to the New World. Indeed, since the 1930s archaeologists have taught that the first Americans were hunters who crossed the Bering land bridge from Siberia, chasing mammoths southward through Canada down a narrow corridor between two ice sheets. By about 11,500 years ago, they'd got as far as Clovis, New Mexico, near where archaeologists first found their distinctive spear points. Their descendants ultimately reached the tip of South America after a footelogging Joumey bogun more than 20,000 miles away. Or so the (ine 30) stary goes. 12 ‘Yet the Heatons' find is the latest addition toa ‘small but weighty pile of tools and human remains suggesting the first Americans may have come from Asia not down the centre of the continent but along the coast in boats, centuries or millenniums prior to the Clovis people. The evidence that Heaton and his colleagues are seeking has turned up along the Pacific. coast all the way from Alaska to southern Chile. So far it does not include any human remains of pre-Clovis age but a woman's bones were found on Santa Rosa Island off the Californian coast. While the bones show that the woman herself was alive 200-300 years after the Clovis people's long trek, itis likely that she was the descendant of earlier settlers. And scientists excavating Chile's Monte Verde site, over 6,000 miles from the southernmost Clovis find, have discovered medicinal herbs and artefacts that date back over 12,600 years. ‘Such finds have backed up genetic and biological research to paint a far more complex picture of ‘America's first explorers. Rather than a single migration of Clovis people, ‘there were clearly several ‘waves of human exploration,’ says Douglas Wallace, a geneticist at the University of California-Irvine. Wallace's DNA studies of American natives identify at least five genetically distinct waves, four from Asia and one possibly of early European descent, the earliest of which could have arrived more than 20,000 years ago. That diversity concurs with research by linguists who argue the Americas’ 143, native languages couldn't have all developed from a single 11,500-year-old tongue. And if they had, then the languages would be the most diverse along the mainland route the Clovis people travelled. In fact, the number of languages is greatest along the Pacific coast, adding to suspicions that at least some of the first immigrants came that way. Until recently, many geologists assumed that the Too- Age shore was a glaciated wasteland. But new studies of fossils and ancient climates imply a navigable coastline full of shellfish and other foods, with grassy inland tundra capable of supporting large animals and perhaps sea-faring humans heading eouth. ‘Unfortunately, the evidence that could prove the coastal-migration scenario is well and truly hidden. Warming temperatures since the last Ice Age have ‘transformed the anciont tundra into thick forests, rendering most signs of early human exploration all but invisible and melting Ice-Age glaciers have submerged most of the coastal campsites where the ‘ancient mariners may have stayed a while, In 1998, archaeologist Daryl Fedje retrieved an ancient hunting blade, one of the first human artefacts found in the region. This inspired some to call for a comprehensive high-tech search of the sea floor yet the immense costs of a seafloor survey have prevented this, So Fedje and other researchers have instead focused on caves on the nearby islands and in Alaska, where artefacts are protected from weather and decay. “The caves have been a real windfall, says Heaton of the animal bones he has found. He's confident that it's just a matter of time before he and his colleagues find ‘re-Clovis human remains because ‘in almost every cave we put our shovels to, we find something new’Times change @ pyr The questions follow the same order as the information in the text 1 When Tim Heaton noticed the spear point, he was A certain that an important discovery had been made. B reluctant to speculate how it had arrived in the cave. € surprised to find such an artefact located in that area. D disappointed that it was not something more significant. 2. What are we told about archaeologists in the 1930s? A. They agreed with Jose Acosta’s theory about the route taken by the first migrants to North America. B They believed that the weapons had become more sophisticated by the time migrants had reached New Mexico. © They theorized that the earliest group of migrants remained in Canada. D They were unaware of the distance that early hunters had really travelled. 3 The writer uses the phrase ‘Or so the story goes’ (line 30) to A. question the accuracy of the actual distance that migrants travelled. B illustrate how human ambition can lead to remarkable achievement. C point out the significance of preserving historical records. D suggest that traditional archaeological theory may be wrong. 4 What point is exemplified by the references to the find on Santa Rosa Island? A The Clovis people could have had the ability to build primitive boats. B The Clovis people were the earliest of the migrant groups to explore the coast. C The Clovis people may have been on the mainland after other migrants were on the island. D The Clovis people’s descendants must have spread out in search of new territory. 5 The research that Douglas Wallace has carried out A. shows early migrants were more sophisticated than previously thought. B indicates that the first settlers in America were most likely from Europe. C suggests that the Clovis people had reached America over 20,000 years ago. D supports the argument proposed by linguists about native American languages. 6 What does the writer state about the possible route that early migrants took? A. The Ice-Age had little significant impact on the American coastline. B Itis virtually impossible to find proof of migration on this route. C The early travellers probably chose this route for its food supplies. D Certain archaeologists are looking for a route that never existed. 7 Timothy Heaton decided to excavate caves in the Queen Charlotte Islands because A a thorough exploration of the sea bed is not feasible. B his research team are in direct competition with Daryl Fedje's. C human remains have already been found in this location. D there may another layer of artefacts under the Clovis layer.BED Times change Vocabulary adapted altered shifted transferred 1 2 3 fortunes pace condition attitudes direction law ‘Add the expressions in bold in exercise 3 10 your vocabulary ‘notebook. 14 Wordlist on page 210 of the Coursebook. Changes For questions 1-4, complete each of the gaps with a word from the box. The verb you choose must be appropriate for the gaps in both sentences. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 a T've__charjged my mind - I'll have the soup instead of the prawn cocktail. b He changed _ places with Jean so that he could sit nearer the blackboard. 1 a Football star David Beckham was from Manchester United to Real Madrid for a fee of £25 million. b Tre just £3,000 from my current account to my savings account. 2 a When asked why he hadn't done his homework, James uncomfortably in his seat. b The publishing company has literature towards school text books. its attention away from children’s 3 a The snow leopard has to life at altitudes of up to 6,000 metres. b Several of her books have been ___ for television. 4 a The jacket was a perfect fit, but I had the trousers because they were a little too tight. b The new tower block has dramatically the appearance of the town. Underline the word A, B, C or D which best fits each space. 1 He's __ changed at all since I last saw him — just as lively and outgoing as he always was. A slightly —_B hardly © subtly D nearly 2 The seat is___adjusted by pulling on this lever here. A highly B fully © openly D easily 3 Prices vary ___, so do shop around before you buy your barbecue. A widely B instantly € completely D closely 4 In response to growing criticism, the government modified its plans for education cuts, though only very. A barely B fundamentally slightly D faintly 5 To her credit, she __ transformed the business from a string of small shops into a major international chain of department stores. Aradically _B revoltingly € enormously D increasingly Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box. 1 You should go away somewhere for the weekend. A change of will do you good. 2. At first my parents refused to let me go off travelling on my own, but then they had a change of : 3 After a very slow start, the car chase gives the film a much needed change of 4 Ina complete change of became a farmer. 5 The win marked a change in the previous six games. 6 Despite the operation on his eye, there has been no significant change in the patient's : 7 For many years, anti-smoking campaigners had called for a change in the to make it illegal for people to smoke in bars and cafés. 8 The legalization of divorce reflected a change in towards marriage. he gave up his job in teaching and of the team, which had lost itsTimes change @@y Language focus ©D) Grammar reference on page 216 of the Coursebook. 1 Correct the following sentences by changing the underlined word or words. You may need to write more than one word. There is an example at the beginning (0). have known 0 Tknow him since we were at school together 1 We would have a parrot, but he flew away one day when I was cleaning his cage. 2 The service was terrible; when our dessert arrived, Paul still ate his starter! 3 Ihave met some very interesting people on my holiday last year. 4 This must be about the tenth time I eat in this restaurant. 5 It’s a long time since we don't see each other, 6 It wasn't the first time she was catching him taking money from her purse. 7 Td like to stay in London longer, but we had to get back for Sandra's wedding. 8 Id rather you didn't give him my phone number - he phoned me three times yesterday! 9 You did nothing but complain since we've been here. 10 She was about sitting down, when she noticed the chair was broken. 2 Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate tense or form of the verb in brackets. o Derek Taylor, 87, is one of Britain's longest-serving Santas: he (1)__ (put) on his red suit and white beard for nearly 50 years now. He believes he (2)____ (manage) to hold down his job in a Rotherham department store for so long by adapting to the changing attitudes of the children he (3) ______ (meet) down the years. ‘Back in the 1950s, children (4)__ (believe) in Father Christmas totally and (5)_____ (ask) lots of questions, like "Where exactly do you live?" ‘or "How do you manage to squeeze down chimneys?" Nowadays they just tell me about the presents they want. Of course, the toys they ask for (6)__ (change) dramatically over the years. In the old days, if you (7)______ (say) you would try and bring them the doll or roller skates they wanted, their faces (8)______ (light) up. Now it’s all mobile phones, computers and DVD players.’ o— = | never forget the time | (1)___(go) to the hairdresser’s in the early 1950s for my first perm, or ‘permanent wave’, after 1(2)___(see) a picture of Gina Lollobrigida with one in a film magazine. | (3)_____ (work) ina shop at the time, and 1(4)___ (book) an appointment for 1.30 pm on Wednesday afternoon, my half day off, (5)_____(wash) and cut my hair, the hairdresser rolled It into tight and rather painful metal curlers. He then connected the curlers to wires from a machine that looked as if it (6)__(jus¥/land) from outer space! He chose that moment to tell me he (7) (experience) problems with the machine for the last few days and that the ‘baking’ procedure (8) ________(take) a little longer than expected. In fact, | (9)_____(spend) over six hours in the hairdresser’s altogether and (10) _ — (not! arrive) home until well after 8 o'clock! At one point during my long ordeal, after | (11) (sit) In the same chair for about four hours, my worried husband phoned the haitdresser's to ask what time | (12) (leave). It was the first time 1 (13)__(ever/have) a perm, and | decided there and then that it(14)____ (be) my last! 15HEM Times change Use of English Word formation For questions 1-10, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Book revie' : Walls have Ears by Mark Mitchell Avid (0) _readers_of Mark Mitchells critically acclaimed historical novels will not be disappointed by his (1) offering, Walls have Ears, a simple, but (2)___written tale of childhood innocence in a world of adult corruption. Mitchell, a former history teacher, shot to fame three years ago thanks to the television @) of his fourth novel, Baroque of Ages, which followed the fortunes of two teenage siblings in seventeenth-century Britain. Despite the author's (4) with the TV production, (5) Marian Blackshaw and Edek Sobera, itwas a huge success and (6) of his books for children rocketed overnight as a result. Walls have Earsis a (7) on the central theme of Baroque of Ages, though this time set against the background of Hadrian's Wall during its construction in the second century. The chance (8) bby two young friends of a plot to assassinate the Roman Emperor responsible for the defensive wall turns their world upside down. The children are sworn to secrecy, but their conscience (9) to get the better of them. (10) have criticized Mitchell for being too liberal with the facts, but this will not deter his young fans from queueing up for their copy of the book when its released on June 20th. READ LATE BEAUTY ADAPT ‘SATISFY STAR SELL VARY DISCOVER THREAT HISTORY CAE Part 4 Gapped sentences 16 For questions 1-5 belo. think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. In this exercise, the words required can be found on page 27 of the Coursebook. Here is an example (0). 0 There has been a recent shift __ towards domestic tourism with fewer people booking overseas holidays. ‘The government plans to_shift____its attention away from punishing crime to crime prevention. Ym changing toa different__shift___ next week soll be starting work much later. 1 The aim of the campaign is to an end to poverty in our inner cities. The purpose of using old films in the classroom is to. history alive for the students, ‘The new water pump will about a significant change in the lives of the local villagers. 2. There were scratches along both of my car when Julia returned it tome, My mother always with my brother whenever we have an argument. The coach asked Ernesto to change so both groups had an equal number of good players.Times change @ 3 The of the painting is thought to be the artist's mother, The festival organizers would like to point out that all times and dates of events are to change. Some politicians change the rather than answer a question they find awkward. 4 Is dangerous to Janes on the motorway without indicating first. Although we flicked the, a number of times, the machine would not work. We will no longer be using the old accounting software after we overto the new software next month, 5 Icame home to find my son up bits of glass from the kitchen floor ‘The holiday brochure showed majestic forests over the mountains. ‘The new boss has promised there will be changes within our department. CAE Part 5 Key word transformations For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). 0. Thaven't driven an automatic car for several years. LAST Ws _several years since | last drove_an automatic car. 1. This is your third warning from me this week about being late for work. NoT This is the third time this week I be late for work. 2. Ithink Anita must have gone on a dict recently because she’s quite slim nov. HAS Itlooks as dieting because she's quite slim now, 3. Lalways hated pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly. USE I pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly. 4 Iwent to have my own look at the apartment and I couldn't understand why my friend wanted us to live in such a depressing place! SEE Having___________ myself, I couldn't understand why my friend wanted us to live in such a depressing place! 5 We wanted to continuc our mountain trek but the weather was too bad. LIKE We on with our mountain trek but the weather was too bad. 6 I want to inform you that I was not satisfied with the standard of service in your hotel. EXPRESS I would with the standard of service in your hotel. 7 Iwanted to stay in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out. SOONER 1 in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out. 8 Didn't you want me to tell the staff about your resignation? RATHER Would the staff know about your resignation? 17BED Times change fantastic guide! didn't coach jet there — roke down yes, but restaurants 18 very pricey Formal and informal letters Read the following two Writing Part I tasks. A You have just been on a week’s historical tour of Rome. Your friend has written to you asking about your holiday. Read the magazine advertisement, the notes you have made, and the extract from your friend's letter and write a letter to your friend explaining which aspects were not satisfactory and giving her advice on how to prepare for her holiday. B You have just been on a week's historical tour of Rome. Certain aspects of the tour have prompted you to write to the travel agency. Read the magazine advertisement and the notes you have made, and write a letter to Timson’s Tours, explaining which aspects were not satisfactory and making recommendations for improvements. Timson's Historical Tours a Includes guided visits to the Pantheon, the Colosseum, the Sistine Chapel and a coach trip to the ancient Roman port ___of Ostia — — _ three ~ guide There will also be two free days for you to do your own sick on last day exploring with the help of our excellent guidebook, Z provided free of charge So ~ no it isn't Cost: £1,600, including return fights, four-star accommodation with bed and breakfast and coach tripsin FP. but not cost of and around Rome. admission to monuments! and Tim off 40 Rome with Timson's Tours next month. T’d be really interested do hear how on. Did is all Smoothly? Bd joteat well? * T haven’s been abroad for aqes and Vd Vike 40 49 as prepared as poSsible. 1s there anything T should know before 1 ap! 2 Aand B below are the first half of the two letters required by the tasks. Use the underlined information in A, the informal letter, to complete the gaps in B, the formal letter, Write one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).Times change ,o Dear Sarah Just got back from Rome and found your letter waiting for me. J had avery good week there = the guide, Francesca, really made it for me and T learnt loade about the history of Rome. She really knew her subject and she explained things 0 well. So all in all T-really enjoyed the holiday, but The Just written 40 Timson’s to tell them about two or three things that happened when T was there. T's really 2 way of helping them to make things better for future tours ~ like the one you're gping on next month! For one thing, we never made it to Ostia because the coach broke down shortly after we JeBt and the local rep didn’t send another one to replace Ht. Alec, we had three free days rather than two, because our guide suddenly fell AL at, the end and we were left to look after curselies. One last thing that'll be of particular interest to you - I only found out when T got to Rome that’ we had to pay to get into all the anclent monuments ourselves, which T thought was_a bit cheeky considering the price. That last point is certainly something for you 4o bear tn mind when you go — make gure You a ‘were not included in the price of the holiday. O Dear Si or Madam ‘have just (0) returned from Rome, where | spent a week ‘on one of your historical tours. | would like to express any general () wit te lida, during which | Vearnt a great @) about Rome and its history This was largely due to the excellent work of the guide, Francesca, who impressed caveryone with her @) and the quality of her (A) eel | should, however, draw your © to a number of incidents which occurred, in the hope that this may help you w® ‘your service in future. o ‘our planned vist Yo Orta ‘was cancelled, as the bus broke down soon after our ® and your local representative o ‘40 send a replacement. in (io), our 4wo free days became three, owing to the uneapected (N) cof our guide on the final day; once again, we were not provided with a substitute. (12). D | was rather surprised to (13) — con my (4) in Pome that 8) fees to ancient monuments Asa result of my experience, | would like o make a number of recommendations for future tours, 3 ee er ee arene ees Sree ieee ‘write 100-125 words for each letter. A Giving advice to your friend costs of admission ~ take enough money guidebook poor—buy your own restauranta can be, check In uldebook/ask guide about cheap ones Don't forget! © Continue each letter using the same. informal or formal register. ‘© End each letter in an appropriate way. © Use a wide range of language. B Making recommendations to Timson’s SSSI arrange alternative if bus breaks down, guide eick ete make ad more explicit, eg admission coste Improve guidebook (6ay how) What to expect in the exam In Part 1 you will be expected to write only one task type of 180-220 words. 19&} Gathering information Gapped text ‘You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one that fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Don't forget! Read through the whole of the base text (the main text with the gaps) before you start to make your choices. The house of maps The world of geography owes a big debt to Stanfords, suppliers of maps to the world for over 150 years. Peter Whitfield traces the company’s early history. During the winter of 1887, art critic John Ruskin wrote toa well-known London shop for help: Gentlemen, have ‘you any schoo! atlas on sale at present without railroads inits maps? Of all the entirely odd stupidities of modern education, railroads in maps are infinitely the oddest to my ‘mind. The recipient of this rather strange appeal was the firm of Edward Stanford, the map-seller who had made ‘himself pre-eminent in his field. ‘The frst Edward Stanford launched his business in 1853 when he took over the map shop of Trelawney Saunders in Charing Cross, London. He had left school at 14 to learn printing, moving on to work in a number of shops before joining Saunders in the map trade. Of course there were trade rivals but what put them ahead was Stanford's recognition that the 19th century was experiencing a rising demand for maps of all kinds. Of the personality of the first Edward Stanford we know little, but his son, the second Edward Stanford who became head of the firm in 1882, emerges more clearly, thanks to the survival of both business and personal papers. In his business letters he made it clear that Stanfords was no mere shop, but a service for gentlemen governed by gentlemen. His correspondents included some of the outstanding geographers of the age, many of whom commissioned Stanfords to make maps for them. 20 twas under the second Stanford’ direction that the: firm's publishing programme reached its high-point with Stanford's London Atlas of Universal Geography, first issued in 1887, containing almost 100 detailed maps. AS a textual companion to the atlas, the firm also published the magnificent Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel, a six-volume encyclopaedia of geography written by a team of first- lass scholars. va / | This could only be of benefit to sales and the rewards were substantial. Stanford prospered, the business was entirely his own and he spent its profits freely. He sent his three sons to Oxford University, bought 2 large villain a London suburb and invested in the stock exchange. This prosperity was a world away from the lowly tradesman’s upbringing his father had known in the 1830s. A reversal of fortune, however, ‘was soon to come.5 He would have been relieved to know that all three sons survived and that Edward Fraser Stanford returned from the Middle East to become director of the business, But a historical and social chasm had opened up between the pre-war world and the 1920s. The family's earlier prosperity, a university education and the army had transformed the mental horizons of the Stanford children: they lost their enthusiasm for trade and preferred their lives as officers and gentlemen. A Local governors, railway or mining engineers, newspaper editors and tourists all increasingly required maps, and within a few short years of his appointment at the shop, Stanford had initiated a ‘map-publishing programme that would become the most comprehensive in England. After securing the Fights to sell offical maps produced by overseas and colonial survey authorities, he set about reducing this detailed survey information into smaller-scale accurate and up-to-date maps. B In contrast to his dealings with these figures, there were the day-to-day arguments with resentful trade rigls and tedlous officials, not to mention insolent customers. On more than one occasion Stanford hears himself verbally abused when he asks for ‘overdue payments. C Alongside these achievernents, the Stanford name was synonymous with the maps of Ordnance Survey but they also acted as sales agent for many other official bodies, induding The Royal Geographical Society and the War Office. Its role as distributor of these official survey maps gave the business a unique status, reinforcing the perception that its ‘own maps must be authoritative and accurate. D Consequently, some vital energy seemed to desert the business: the golden age of Stanfords’ map- publishing was over, and the firm was ill-equipped to survive the years of economic depression ahead. The struggling business was eventually sold to George Philip and all Stanfords’ map-making activities were absorbed into those of the parent company. Gathering information @& This freed Stanfords to concentrate on retailing and, finally, to take advantage of the revolution in travel that began to gather pace in the late 1960s. The package tourist heading for the beaches has litle use for maps, but for the independent traveller, maps are essential companions. By importing raps from the four corners of the globe, Stanfords has maintained its unique role asa leader in mapping and travel literature, even though this material is no longer published by Stanfords itsel. E Whether you sought an Ordnance Survey map of an English county or the goldfields of South Africa, such a reputation meant that Stanfords was always the first port of call. Over 150 years later, Stanfords continues to flourish as a map-seller, and is still renowned for its small but intriguing role in Britain's Political and social history. F The First World War was to all but eliminate the firm. Many of its staff became soldiers; private foreign travel virtually halted overnight; and all three of Stanford’s sons were commissioned as junior officers. The effect was catastrophic and the strain con the ageing ‘governor’ proved fatal: when he died the firm was deep in debt and its future looked dark, G This was a risk that Stanford was willing to take. Their property was rebuilt and reopened at Covent Garden with a splendid new showroom and space for all the cartographical and printing work on the floors above. 21SEW Gathering information Vocabulary Wordlist on page 210 of the Coursebook. Adjective and noun collocations 1 Complete the crossword using the clues below. Each of the answers is a noun which collocates with the adjective in bold. All the collocations have appeared in units 1-3 of the Coursebook. ft 5 i | Across 3 He hopes to fulfil his burning to become world champion. 5 The kitchen was filled with the mouth-watering of freshly baked bread. 6 Mailshots have proved to be the most cost effective of marketing our products. 8 The organizers claim that the demonstration was ‘a resounding 11 Itmadeaweleome__to win —1 was getting tired of losing. 12, She now faces the daunting of writing a successful sequel to her hugely popular first book. Down 1 The Prime Minister yesterday announced sweeping _to her Cabinet. 2 He could smell the acrid of rotten eggs. 4 The newspaper has been accused of publishing misleading __in relation to the case. 7 The government claims that the demonstration was‘a dismal__’. 9 We still have an outside of qualifying for the finals. 10 The pile of old clothes gave off a damp, musty : 2 For each noun you wrote in exercise 1, write two further adjectives which collocate with it Verb and noun collocations 1 Match each of the nouns in the box to one of the groups of verbs 1-8, All the verbs in the group must collocate with the noun. The first one has been done for you. information change aproblem a possibility a challenge success an ambition asmell 1 achieve deserve enjoy meet with success. 2 achieve fulfil pursue realize 3 broadcast gather provide publish —__ 4 face present rise to take up 5 bring about call for cope with resist 6 come up against faceupto resolve nun into —— 7 ignore Took into overlook =— rule out. —__ 8 detect getridof give off leave 22Gathering information @& 2 Complete each of the gaps with the appropriate form of a verb from exercise 1. The first one has been done for you. 1 He was a brilliant musician, who thoroughly deserved_the suecess he had ~ though I don't think it made him any happier. 2 She still finds time to her ambition to become a professional opera singer, though she is aware she may never achieve it. 3 I've been __ information on minority languages for my next book. 4 The recent dramatic increase in the number of burglaries ___a major challenge to the police. 5 The only way to progress is by welcoming change, not it 6 The company faced a number of problems, most of which it has now tackled and successfully . 7 We're currently__the possibility of opening new premises; it depends on the company’s performance over the next year. 8 It stinks of smoke in herel Could you open the window to__the smell? Word formation Complete each gap with an appropriate form of the word in capitals at the end of the sentence. There is an example at the beginning (0). Don't forge You may need to use the negative form of an adjective or adverb. 0 Asa student, I'm still financially dependent on my parents. FINANCE 1 Unfortunately, many people are still worryingly. of the facts about AIDS, IGNORE 2 There are___versions of Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, but this recording is by far the best I've heard. COUNT 3. We'll have to walk to the village -it's__ to cars. ACCESS 4 We have discussed these problems on occasions and still nothing has been decided. NUMBER 5 Not_____ perhaps, sales of air conditioning systems increased considerably during the recent hot spell. SURPRISE 6 Bed of Roses, widely seen as the finest ‘work about the period, was published in 1976. LITERATE 7 After several attempts, he finally passed his driving test in June last year. SUCCEED BA study of farming procedures in fifteen African countries has just been published. COMPARE 9 Unemployment rose Jast year. DRAMA 10 Asa special offer, there is a 10% discount on all kitchen units in the new range. INTRODUCE 23SEW Gathering information 24 Language focus ©D. Grammar reference on page 217 of the Coursebook. Complete each of the gaps with two words. Contractions (eg havent, don't etc) count as two words. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 She went on holiday with her friends, though we'd rather _she had_ come with us. 1 Itwas a terrible film. I wish we the French one instead. 2 She found out from Jerry, but 'd______told her myself, 3 Ifithadn't______Eleanor’s excellent negotiation skills, we might never have reached an agreement. 4 Ishould my gloves ~ my hands were freezing. 5. Most employees would prefer been given a bonus rather than an expensive Christmas hamper. 6 ____ known he intended to resign, Td never have sacked him. 7 Ifonly______ spoken to me about it before; I done something to help you. 8 The accident______have happened if he hadn't___at 90 miles an hour. 2 Tick (V) those endings which can complete the sentences. Either one, two or all three answers are possible. 1 Yd much rather ‘A you have told me the truth. B Ihave a motorbike than a car. C have gone shopping on my own, 2 If she didn't want to see you, A she wouldn't have invited you to her party. B what would you do? € she used to get me to tell you she wasn't at home. 3 Ifit hadn't been for the rain, A we didn’t get wet. B we could have eaten outside. C we've enjoyed ourselves very much. 4 couldn't have done it financially A if my parents hadn't supported me. B had it not been for the financial support of my parents. € without the financial support of my parents. 5 Ifyou push that button, A it goes faster. B you'll regret it. C nothing would happen. 6 IwishI ‘A would have more time to do everything. B had had more time to do everything. C had more time to do everything. 7 If1 were to lend him the money, ‘A he hadn't paid it back. B he wouldn't have paid it back. C he'd have to pay it back soon. 8 Ti tell her what you think A if I happen to see her. B should she be interested? C if that’s alright with you.Gathering information @& Use of English CAE Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-12, read the text below and then decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits cach gap. There is an example at the beginning (0), Read the text through first before you start to make your choices. Garbology To most people, landifil sites are (0) __holes in the ground where waste (1) ___ is buried. To garbologists, however, they provide a valuable (2)__of information about a population's activities in areas such as food consumption and waste disposal. Garbology is a branch of ethnography, a science which abandons. traditional methods of (3)__ market research information, such as questionnaires and focus groups, in favour of (4)___ observation of people and their habits. The world’s (5) __ garbologist, Professor William Rathie, is also an archaeologist. Archaeologists study past cultures by examining the (6) __ of objects and buildings, but the basic principles of archaeology can also be applied to the discarded rubbish of present-day civilizations in order to (7)__a better understanding of how people behave now. As founder and director of the Garbage Project at the University of Arizona, Professor Rathje has (8)___over 30 years of his life to the archaeological study of modern refuse. His work is of (8)___ interest to commerce; companies need to understand the lives of their consumers in order to create brands which will be of most (10) ___ to them, Rathje's (11)____can help them achieve this. In addition, his analysis of the composition of landfill sites reveals a greater need not only to recycle more rubbish, | butalso to (12)__ down on the amount of rubbish we produce in the first place. 0 A easily B simply © bluntly D directly 1 A selection B product € fabric D material 2 A spring B origin € source D fountain 3 A holding B meeting € obtaining comprising 4 A near B close € tight D hard 5 A heading B leading € charging fronting 6 Arrests B ruins € relics D remains 7 Again B lear © make D gather 8 A conveyed B devoted € apportioned D spent 9 A high B large € great D deep 10 A function B serving C use D purpose 11 A outcomes B findings implications D derivations 12 A lower B cut © bring D get 25SEW Gathering information CAE Part 4 26 Gapped sentences For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. In this exercise, the words required can be found in the reading extracts on page 31 and 32 of the Coursebook. Here is an example (0). 0 The chef complained that everyone was gettinginhis__way __and ordered them to leave, Ron is determined to win this competition and I can’t imagine him going out of his Way ___tohetp anyone else. Iwas surprised that none of the people Iasked knewthe__way __to the museum. 1 The headmaster must take urgent__to stop the bullying that is happening in this school. Thad to stop and rest before I climbed the final of the lighthouse. Ifyou get lost in the woods, you should retrace your__and go back to camp. 2. The group believed the song__a good chance of being a hit but didn't drean it would reach number 1. Being the only child with an American accent, I___out amriongst the other children at school. My parents. ‘by me all the time I was in prison and did everything they could to get me released. 3 Would you, for a cup of coffee while you're waiting to see Mr Williams? Our society should take more of the elderly and treat them with respect. Martin doesn't seem to that his aggressive behaviour could get him into trouble. 4 Police now doubt that anyone will___responsibility for the bomb that exploded yesterday. The old lady's that she had seen a UFO was never taken seriously by anyone. Ifyou have an accident and make a you will have to pay more for future car insurance. 5. Ministers have been told to wait until the Foreign Secretary__a formal statement before speaking to the press about the incident. The subject of legalizing drugs is one of those controversial__which is unlikely to be resolved soon. Inthe nexttwo___of the National Reporter we will be bringing you a special report on the health care crisis. Formal letters Read the following Writing Part 1 task. Before you write your answer, do the related tasks in A-C below the question. ‘You are studying at a college in the Parkdale area of Blatchington. You have read a newspaper article about a proposal to close the local library. Read the article, on which you have made some notes, and the results of a survey carried out by your class. Then write a letter to the newspaper editor, responding to the article and explaining why you feel the library should not be closed.Gathering information @@ ‘Library should close,’ says councillor | noheenael LOCAL COUNCILLOR David Markham has called for the | N0# what our closure of the public library in Blatchington’s Parkdale area, | SU'Vey Saye ‘According to Mr Markham the Parkdale library is underused, fe with most residents preferring the larger Central Library in Etro esate a mad gt tae ualicon ined is | where's the proof? the Parkdale library,’ explained Councillor Markham, ‘yet local | residents have failed to take advantage of the facilities. The building could be converted into.a sports facility’ ———_| more important } to have a decent library Class survey of Parkdale residents How often do you use the Parkdale library? At least three times a week 9% About once a month 41% Once or twice a week 38% Never 12% ‘Write your letter in 180-220 words. You do not need to include postal addresses. A Summarizing the information in the survey Which of the following sentences would be more appropriate for your letter? Why? 1 In our survey 9% of the people we interviewed use the Parkdale library at least three times a week, 38% use it once or twice a week, 41% go there about once a month and only 12% never use it. 2 Almost half of those residents interviewed visit the library at least once a week and only a relatively small percentage said they make no use of its facilities at all. B Using your own words Where possible you should avoid copying the language contained in the input material. Compiete each of the gaps in sentences 1~4 with one of the nouns from the box. Then match each sentence to the handwritten note on the newspaper article which it expresses. journey aim evidence priority 1 should be given to the improvement of the existing service. 2 A large number of residents are unable to make the long. into the town centre. 3 Your that local residents do not use the library is untrue, 4 There is little of this investment, C Building on the information nya ‘Successful answers expand on one or two of the points in the input material. Make apn notes answering each of the questions below. 1 t00 far for many [esouenigerousa! ‘What types of people might find it difficult to travel into the town centre? be consistently formal. 2. where’ the proof? eisereo zy What evidence might there be to prove a lack of investment in the Library? Courscbook {for 3 more important to have a decent lbrary information on Why is a library important? And why is a new sports facility less important? eee Pel ‘You are told to write 180-220 words, so you may not be able to use all your ideas. 27QO work time Multiple choice You are going to read a magazine article about work and holidays. For questions 1-7, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. No cure for the summertime blues Paul Gould looks at the highs of going away and the lows as your post-holiday glow fades. Irrespective of the destination, it's the coming back that hurts. As you trudge in to work and go back to the old routine, post-holiday blues hit whether you've been to a tropical paradise or simply spent a week at a local campsite. itis a recognized psychological pattern: we switch to a low after a high, we get despondent when a spell of basking in bliss is abruptly ended. For me, that bliss was tasted at its most intoxicating two years ago in a secluded bay in southern Crete in Greece. At the time, a fortnight seemed to expand into a way of life. Days were taken up with massage, sunbathing, swimming and yoga. There was constant laughter amongst friends. Being a wage-slave seemed inconceivable: Iwas born to dance and sing and be pampered, This, | felt, was how life should be. More unsettling, though, was my conviction that life could be like this. If only | could cling on to this happy state, my potential for joy and creativity would be unlocked. It couldn't ast. The blues set in even before the holiday ended. What we needed, one of our group declared, was a post-holiday trauma support group. 's trauma too strong a word? Cary Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Manchester, says the symptoms are undoubtedly genuine: ‘t's things like being more aggressive or more withdrawn, mild depression, feeling tired even after a good night's, sleep. Really, you're angry at the lifestyle you're re- entering but you can’t take it out on your lifestyle so you take it out on other people.’ So what of my hope of clinging on to that holiday feeling? My resolutions were to continue yoga classes, to take up massage and to rise above stress, Couldn't maintain that way of life? “The reason you don'tis that people get really absorbed in work, then get on the train or whatever, and by the time they get home they're exhausted and just flop in front of the TV,’ says Professor Cooper. The post-holiday glow may last 28 a day or two. There’ the gratification of colleagues asking where you've been. It can be quite amusing for the first morning when you can show off by telling people you've been to exciting places having more fun than them. But then day-to-day hassles crowd in thick and fast. The holiday may well have seemed like ages at the time, but now it shrinks to a tiny blip. You feel cheated. Perhaps holidays give us an unrealistic taste of fantasy. I detect something altogether darker: they compel us to see how much aggravation, tedium and mediocrity we put up with the rest of the time. On a more paranoid note, is it possible we've been intoxicated by a cynical holidays industry? Are holidays just a mechanism whereby we swap our role as producers in the great big economic machine for that of the consumer? Professor Cooper confirms my fears: ‘We go on holiday and become consumers and because work is so time-consuming, the way we justify itis to use the money to make us feel better about our limited existence, saying: “At least | can afford a nice holiday". Surely we can't just blame the industry? Some of my best holidays have simply been times when | chose to hang out with friends, have long conversations, feel carefree, Professor Cooper believes these are opportunities that allow us to invest in relationships. After a holiday, Professor Cooper advises going back to work gradually: ‘Do only the stuff that needs immediate attention, leave on time, go to the gym." Thank goodness work-life balance has entered public debate. It is high time we got agitated about the realisation that four weeks’ holiday a year and a working week of 40 hours plus means we can set aside no time or energy for things that matter, such as our partners, our children, our friends, staying healthy, or cooking instead of ready meals. But Professor Cooper's advice so far can only help so much. A more revolutionary solution is downshifting, ‘People see thegap between a normal human life and the treadmill existence and realize the costis too great,’ he says. So they think: "Why not work for a smaller company or setup on my own?” Yet the long-houts culture is probably only part of the problem, That post-exotica depression is also brought on by sheer boredom, noisy neighbours Work time QQ] all. In his acclaimed book The Art of Travel, Alain de Botton sums up this yearning: ‘Few seconds in life are more releasing than those in which a plane ascends to the sky .. its ascent is a symbol of transformation. It an inspire us to imagine analogous, decisive shifts in ‘our own lives; to imagine that we too might one day surge above much that looms over us.' So perhaps the ‘of, worse, domestic issues causing tension, The traditional saying is There's no place like home’ but it sometimes seems there's no place like away from it only way to cure post-holiday blues isto start planning the next one as soon as you get back. 1 In paragraph one, the writer suggests that post-holiday feelings of depression A occur when a holiday has been cut short. B happen regardless of the holiday location. € arise when a holiday has not been satisfying. D affect people with little variation in their work. 2 During his holiday in Crete, the writer was A resentful about an illusion of happiness. B certain he could maintain that way of living. C determined to start working for himself, D astonished at the change in his behaviour 3, What does Professor Cary Cooper believe about trauma? A People have a tendency to confuse stress with trauma. B It has a serious impact on performance at work. C Holidays can only increase trauma which already exists in a person. D It can cause people to behave in an unpleasant way towards others. 4 What are we told about people who have been back at work for a few days? A They feel as though the holiday they had was too short. B They exaggerate when describing it to their colleagues. C They lack the mental discipline to maintain a lifestyle change. D They underestimate the time they need to commit to work. 5 In paragraph five, the writer states that going on holiday forces people to A focus on relationships they have neglected. B be keener to assert their superior social status. C recognize the frustrations of everyday life. D work longer hours in order to afford time off. 6 In paragraph six, one of the writer’s aims is to A encourage people to protest about their working hours. B persuade people of the value of personal relationships. C highlight which of Professor Cooper's proposals are valid. D illustrate the advantages of people becoming self-employed. 7 The writer's purpose in using the quotation from The Art of Travel is to A contrast people's dreams with what they actually go on to achieve. B promote the idea that risk-takers lead a more rewarding life. € discourage people from settling down before they are ready. D show the pleasure derived from dreaming about a different lifestyle, 29Work time Vocabulary Wordlist on page 211 of the Coursebook. A Adjectives of personality ‘Match each of the adjectives to an appropriate description. slapdash ‘approachable attentive ‘trustworthy industrious domineering single-minded conceited 1 She always works very hard. 2 He doesn’t take much care over his work. 3 She's so friendly and easy to talk to, 4 He thinks he's so intelligent - it’s extremely irritating. 5 The staff are always so polite and helpful. 6 Her only aim is to become managing director. 7 Your secret is safe with her 8 He tries to control others without any consideration for their feelings or opinions. B Time Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box. at aside for of in to out on off up 1 Sorry, I can't stop to chat -I'm a little pressed__ time. 2 We had hoped to discuss the matter in the meeting but we ran 3 Lalways try to set__ some time each day to read the newspaper. 4 We have a huge garden, which takes _ most of my free time. 5 Not many people have heard of her, but it's only a matter___ time before she becomes famous. 6 Idid as much as Icould____ the time available, 7 We didn't arrange to meet ___ any specific time, but I'm surprised he’s not here yet. 8 He is retiring from his post in order to devote more time ___ his family. 9 She always gets straight to the point; she doesn't like to waste time _ smal] talk. of time. 10 All pregnant women in this country have the right to take time work for antenatal care. ‘Add the expressions in bold in B to your vocabulary notebook. 30Work time @Qq C Skills Complete the crossword by solving the anagrams. Each answer is a single-word item of vocabulary which collocates with the word skills. The first one has been. done for you. Language focus €D. Grammar reference on page 218 of the Coursebook. Punctuation Each line in the following article contains a punctuation mistake. Correct the mistakes. There is an example at the beginning (0). ite OA heating company near Birmingham has introduced group hugs to i#s workforce 1 in a drive to boost staff morale. Since, employees at Farrelly Engineering started 2 hugging first thing in the morning and last thing at night; profits have more than 3 doubled Now the firm is introducing other initiatives, including soothing music 4 and regular nights’ out at company expense. The idea came after Jerry Farrelly, 5 the director went on a motivational course in an attempt to improve morale. He 6 explained, that while many of his staff were suspicious at first, they soon came to ‘7 appreciate the regime. Often new staff raise their eyebrows when they see what 8 goes on, but we have found they soon get into the mood,’ he said. Padma Mistry 9 who works in the accounts-department, commented on the difference between the 10 attitudes of men and women, “The girls decided among themselves to start hugging 11 each other’ she explained. ‘The men dont want to join in, but they have tried to 12 shake each others hands each day. A hug is a superb start to the day. We never 13 argue now as everything is so relaxed. Its a really fun place to work.’ Rob Carter, 14 who has worked for the firm for five years said he used to work long hours and get 15 very stressed. However that's all changed. ‘It may sound strange, but I actually look 16 forward to going in to work on Monday now, he confessed.” 31ZWD Work time Use of English Open cloze For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Pesce is © Read the text through first before you start to make your choices, © The emphasis is on grammatical words, such as prepositions, auxiliary verbs and articles. Female butlers ‘Anew breed of butlers has appeared (0) 0" _ the scene; increasingly, it seems (1) ich and famous are turning (2) women to perform the little domestic duties of everyday life. But (3) female butlers are in ever greater demand, they are also in short supply. Ivor Spencer, who runs the @) traditional of the well known butler schools, (5) Even at the more progressive butler academies, (6) Butlers, fewer than one (7) Butlerine Sarah Whittle says that women are in demand (8) better (9) (10) its in our nature to multitask.’ Whittle (11) (12) (13) (14) trained only eight women in 21 years. as Robert Watson's Guild of Professional four trainees ara female, they're less stuffy than men. ‘We're picking up on people's moods,’ she says. “And we can organize several things at expected to be smart and professional duly, but she does get glamorous perks ~ presents of chocolate, champagne and, on occasion, an expensive pair of shoes. But the job has its downside. Hundred-hour weeks are uncommon, the hours are unsociable and the tasks often (15) than glamorous. CAE Part 3 Word formation 32 For questions 1-10, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Sales manager ‘As part of its major new programme of (0) expansion _ RAL Cosmetics Is seeking to EXPAND appoint a dynamic sales professional to run a team of sales (1)___—_in REPRESENT the UK. You will be highly-motivated, with the drive and (2) to be the DETERMINE best in your field. You will also have strong (3)_____ qualities and be an LEAD effective communicator. The position will involve frequent travel to Europe for 4 at international sales conferences, as well as training courses at ATTEND ‘our head office in Lyon. Priority wil be given to those (6)____ who can ‘APPLY demonstrate a good working knowledge of French. Previous experience in the cosmetics industry is (6) ‘though not essential. We guarantee a comprehensive and © PREFER a) remuneration package, including a company car, private health COMPETE @) and a contributory pension scheme, if you feel you have the necessary INSURE qualities and background, and enjoy working in a(@)____, high-paced. CHALLENGE ‘environment, send your CV to Alain Sylvestre, 22 rue Marivaux, 69142 Lyon, France, Closing date for (10) of applications: September 25th, RECEIVEWork tine Qi] CAE Part 5 Key word transformations: gerunds and infinitives Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). © She will often panic if there is a problem. ‘TENDENCY She _has a tendency to panicin _ the face of a problem. ‘Iwas surprised when he said he wouldn't work overtime. REFUSAL His________ asa surprise to me. 2 Don't bother to read that book. WORTH It that book. 3 Shall I carry your bag for you? LIKE Would : your bag for you? 4 He tried very hard to stop smoking. (> EFFORT sy He up smoking. T found it impossible not to laugh when he said that. HELP I when he said that. Ifyou dontt leave now, you'll miss the bus. a BETTER uy You else you'll miss the bus. } 7 [find it difficult to remember names. DIFFICULTY I____ names. 8 They made us clean up the mess. MADE We up the mess. 9 She didn’t like the fact that he had been treated so badly. BEING She objected 0 badly. 33ED work time CAE Part 2 34 1 Wri Reports Read the following Writing Part 2 task. An international research group is carrying out an investigation into changing trends in the way young people spend their free time. You have been asked to write a report about the situation in your country. You should: * describe the changes that have taken place over the last twenty years in the way that young people spend their free time say whether these changes have been for the better or the worse * suggest how you think the situation might develop in the future. ‘Write your report in 220-260 words. ‘The following report was written in answer to the task above by a British person in the mid-1960s, Put the paragraphs in the correct order, using the underlined words to help you. Then write a suitable heading for each paragraph. The growth pooulary of he car has made once popular pastimes rather dangerous. Street games such as football, skipping or marbles are no longer such a common sight. Similarly, cycling on the open road is becoming less attractive, particularly with the construction of motorways, which began at the end of the last decade. Sadly, youngsters now spend more ‘ime in the home, where another invention has radically transformed their habits. is the increased wealth and gretor ‘amount of ee time avaiable to young peso. This, in itself; represents a welcome change, but two other developments have restricted the nature and quality of leisure time activities. e3. i Itis highly likely that television wil continue to dominate the lives of our youth in the years to come. Teenagers and people in their twenties may well spend most of their spare time at home, simply watching TV programmes or listening to their latest long-playing records. They might even begin to wish they had less free time on their hands. e4... The purpose of this report is to comment on recent changes i in the way young people make use of their spare time in my country and to consider possible future trends. es here previously whole faies would gather round the radio to Ksten toa griping rare, ‘now children fight with their parents over which of the two television channels they should select. Courting couples rarely go ballroom dancing or join long queues outside cinemas ‘and music halls as they once did; instead, they stay in to watch television or perhaps worse, attend wild pop concerts or parties, where they dance in uncontrolled ways.Work time @q@ 3. Find examples in the model of the following: eg once popular pastimes eg youngsters eg It is highly likely that television will continue ... 4 Underline those words and expressions which express the writer's opinion on whether ‘the changes have been for the better or the worse. eg This, in itself, represents a welcome change ... 5 The writer of the report uses a consistently formal register. Sometimes, this involves using nouns rather than verbs. For each of the following, find the equivalent expression in the model answer. a The car has become more and more popular ... b ... especially because they've built motorways, © ... young people have more money and more free time. 6 Now write your own answer to the question on page 34. PSM mene tel) Refer to the following sections in the Wordlst of the Coursebook: Possibility: page 209 ‘© Change: page 210 Dm Sa a ‘© Pian your answer before you write, © Use a consistently formal register. © Link one paragraph with the next, asin the model, ‘© Give your report a tile and each of your paragraphs a heading. 35oO Getting on CAE Part 1 Multiple choice ‘You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with relationships. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Homestay Families required for Overseas Students GLOBAL LANGUAGES are currently seeking potential families who could offer homestay accommodation to ur students. Being a homestay provider means offering accommodation to one or more students (one room per student) from two weeks up to a six-month duration, Families may opt for providing board and lodging ‘over Christmas, for which they would receive a 20% supplement. Both homestay families and overseas students are required to complete a detailed questionnaire regarding their preferences and requirements to ensure successful placements. Prior to being registered as one of our families, itis essential that you agree to socialize with your students for a minimum of two hours per evening and six hours over the weekend. A homestay co-ordinator can be contacted 24 hours a day in case of emergency. Our students are of diverse nationalities and come to England with a view to improving their English, but also to discover England's many cultural attractions. They tend to be independent-minded and prefer to organize trips and outings individually or with their eer group. You may also find that they will often eat out, although they are advised to notify their homestay family if they do not require an evening meal. Homestay providers who receive the most positive feed-back are the ones who allow their students to integrate within their family itis the ‘opportunity for this kind of relationship which usually makes students go for the homestay experience and why we offer this kind of accommodation, 1 To be accepted as a homestay provider, a family 2 Students tend to choose the homestay option must ‘because they A beable to offer accommodation during public A. want to feel they are part of a family. holidays. B do not wish to arrange excursions by B accept any student that the school allocates to themselves. them. C are anxious about living alone in a foreign € take responsibility for a student in urgent country. situations. D have no time to prepare their own food. D be willing to spend a set amount of time with their students. 36Extract from novel “Sometimes | regret that | ever married into a Chinese family,” Phil aid when he heard we had to go to San Francisco, a hundred miles round-trip from our house in San Jose, made worse by weekend football traffic. Although he's become genuinely fond of my mother over the fifteen years we've been married, he’s still exasperated by her demands. And a weekend with the extended family is definitely not his preferred way to spend his days off from the hospital. "Are you sure we have to go?” he said absently. He was busy playing with a new software program he had just loaded onto his laptop computer. He pressed a key. "Hotchal"* he exclaimed to the screen, and clapped his hands. Phil is forty-three years old and with his wiry gray hair he The writer refers to ‘a little boy playing with a battleship’ in order to A. emphasise Phil's lack of maturity. B showa different side of Phil's character. suggest that Phil misspends his time, D imply that Phil is ignoring her. Machine rage is dead .. You have spent the last 20 minutes talking to an automated call centre. A passionless, computerized voice drones out assurances and urges you to press yet another key. Your blood pressure soars. Finally you hurl your phone at the wall. Or your teenage son becomes immersed, with increasing agitation, in a computer game. As his temper worsens, his performance declines until he ends up trashing the console in a fit, of adolescent rage. Computer angst — now a universal feature of modern life ~is an expensive business when you come to think of it! Fortunately, the days of the unfeeling machine will soon be over. Thanks to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, psychology, electronics and other research What does the writer feel is the problem with modern technology? A It does not function in the intended way. B Ittends to cause friction between family members. € Itcan result in people losing their self-control. D Itis impossible to achieve anything without technology. Getting on Ql usually strikes most people as reserved and dignified. At that moment, however, he had the pure intensity of a fittle boy playing witha battleship. I pretended to be equally busy, perusing the help- wanted section, Three months ago, | took a position as a speech and language clinician with the local school district. And while | was basically happy with the job | secretly worried | had missed a better opportunity. ‘My mother had put those thoughts in my head, Right, after | announced I had been chosen over two other candidates for the same position, she said, "Two? Only ‘two people wanted that job?” * Hotcha is slang expressing delight or success. 4 After the writer had told her mother about her job, she ‘A. felt that her mother was in some way envious of her. B was concerned she had not looked for another position. € decided she was in the wrong field of work. D_ wished she had kept it secret from her mother. long live emotional computing fields, scientists are now creating computers and robots that can detect, and respond to, users’ feelings. The discoveries are being channelled by Humaine, a £6 million programme that has just been launched by the European Union to give Europe a lead in emotional computing. Asa result, computers will soon detect ‘our growing irritation at their behaviour and in turn ‘generate more sympathetic, human-like messages or | slow down the tempo of the games they are running Robots wil be able to react in lifelike ways, though ‘we may end up releasing some unwelcome creations too. ‘Computers that can detect and imitate human. ‘emotion may sound lke science fiction, but they are already with us,’ said Dr Dylan Evans, a key Humaine project collaborator. 6 What are we told about computers and robots in the second paragraph? A Computers will be able to adjust their behaviour to human need. Robots may have superior social skills compared to some people. Computers will be uniquely programmed to respond to individual users. Europe has recently taken the lead in developments in technology. w ° 9 37BED Getting on Vocabulary Wordlist on page 211 of the Coursebook. Adjective and noun collocations 1 Match each of the nouns in the box to one of the groups of adjectives 1-8. All the adjectives in the group must collocate with the noun. Telationship 1 brotherly first true unrequited argon 2 inner d negative strong love 3 courting elderly married young feelings 4 close love-hate rocky stable family 5 best close mutual school —_— Ks 6 adoptive extended immediate __ single-parent a 7 heated furious fierce pointless —__ 8 family social rising heightened 2 Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate adjective from exercise 1. 1 Thavea_____ relationship with my job; how I feel about it usually depends on what mood I'm in when I get to work. 2 Iwasa argument: neither of us was ever likely to change the other's way of thinking, 3 Her latest novel is a tale of _ love; Ross is besotted with his boss Hermione, who shows no interest in her young admirer, 4 Sandra's parents have feelings about her going to live abroad; they want her to lead her own life, but they'd be happier if she did so closer to home. 3 We're not inviting any aunts or uncles and so on — just the family. 6 I met Paul on holiday and he's become quite a friend. 7 The photograph shows a young couple speaking to a priest, probably about their forthcoming wedding. 8 Faced with mounting tension, the government introduced a number of far-reaching political reforms. Language focus ©D. cramnmar reference on page 220 of the Coursebook. Relative clauses Correct the following sentences by changing the underlined word. You should write only one word, 1 We thought it was horrible, so we gave it to my mother, she loves that kind of thing. 2 The plane took off over two hours late, what meant TI missed my connecting flight in Frankfurt, He was criticized for giving a speech on a subject about that he knew very little. There are two or three people in the photo which name I can't remember. We're going back to the same hotel that we stayed last year. 1 still don't understand the reason because they decided to close the sports centre. My eldest son, that lives in Japan now, hardly ever comes back to visit us. Kate and Steve were the only two people from work to came to our wedding. eudaHae 38Getting on Alternatives to relative clauses 1 Infinitives with ‘to’ can be used: * after words like someone, nobody, anything etc. There is nothing to suggest that the crimes are connected. (= nothing which sugge: * to replace relative clauses containing a modal verb. There are several dishes to choose front. (= several dishes which you can choose from) + alter phrases like the first, the next, the only and superlatives. The next person to talk will get extra homework. (= the next person who talks) He has become the oldest person ever to run a marathon. (= the oldest person who has ever run) 2. Relative clauses can be reduced by using: * a present participle Anyone wanting further information, should contact Peter Wiley. (= Anyone who wants) Who's that person sitting next to your brother? (= person who is sitting) ) © a past participle. The two men arrested in connection with the robbery have been released without charge, (= men who were/had been arrested) 1 Which famous siblings are described in each of the following pairs of sentences? 1 a They are not the only sisters ever to play each 4 a Fans hoping to see Janet in concert were other in the final of a Wimbledon championship. disappointed to hear that she had cancelled her b Venus was champion in 2000 and 2001, but planned tour. Serena was the one to collect the winner's bb Michael began his musical career at the age of trophy in 2002. five as the lead singer of a group comprising 2 a When Michael was four, his father gave him ‘himself and four of his eight brothers and sisters. ago-kart powered by a lawnmower engine, 5 a John was the youngest man ever to be elected b After a race, Ralf was usually the first to phone President, and he was also the youngest to die. hismother, b The biography does not make it clear whether 3 a Some of their most famous films are Monkey Robert, known affectionately as Bobby, had evidence to back up his suspicions that the CIA Business, Duck Soup and A Night at the Opera, all eleased in the 1930s. 'b One of the five brothers ‘wore’ a moustache painted on with black greasepaint he found it easier than glucing one on, had killed his brother. 2 Rewrite the underlined parts of the above sentences using relative pronouns. Example: 1 a the only sisters who have ever played each other 39HED Getting on 40 Use of English Gapped sentences For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0). © The other children would often laugh at her, _all_ her names and make her cry. Alan Kelcher was very laid-back, and let his pupils _call_ him by his first name. Give her a_call_and ask her to go out with you. 1 House prices dramatically last year and they bought themselves a small flat near the town centre. always thought that love at first sight only happened in films but I for Jill the moment I set eyes on her. He out with his father after a blazing row and hasn't spoken to him since. 2 The President highlighted the relationship that existed between the two countries, who, he said, were now ‘the closest of allies’. Relations with management have not improved and there's a___ chance the unions will call a strike next week. Inever liked kissing my grandmother, because I couldn't stand the smell of, her perfume. 3 He had a friendly, open face and she an instant liking to him. In appearance Emily after her father, but she inherited her intelligence from her mother. It_____some time to sort out our marriage problems, but now our relationship is pretty good. 4 They've had a of disagreements recently, but normally they get on fine together. Can you reverse the car a little more so we can it to the caravan? The whole restaurant had been booked by a middle-aged married _ celebrating their silver wedding anniversary. 5 His latest novel centres on the uneasy relationship between the two countries at the of the last century. The last person I expected to up at our wedding was my ex-boyfriend! usually ____ to my mother for help or advice: she’s a better listener than my father,Getting on CAE Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits cach gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Dutch children enjoy their freedom ‘Let them be free’ is the (0) rule for child-rearing in the Netherlands. No wonder Dutch kids have been (1) Europe's most fortunate by a recent UNICEF survey. From a tender age, their opinions are (2) . their wishes respected, and there is no homework until their last year in preparatory school. Some would (3). that the tendency of Dutch society to encourage infants to experience whatever they please has @ ‘a whole generation into spoilt, undisciplined brats. Others say family members are remarkably (5) with one another, feeling free to say anything, and that the way parents (6) with their children's anxieties means that the children are well-adjusted, which is (7) Up by the results of the survey. | Dr Gerrit Breeusma, head of development psychology at the University of Groningen says the survey's results came as no(8)______. ‘Children have always playeda very important role in Holland but there were (9) within families during the Sixties, usually over matters of discipline and conformity. As a result, the generation growing up at that time have made sure they (10) on better with their kids,’ he added. However, in several Dutch police precincts, such liberalism is not viewed positively. In an attempt to (11) underage heavy drinking, police have taken to bringing home teenagers and threatening parents with obligatory attendance at courses on excessive alechol problems or hefty fines unless they keep their children under (12) 0 A golden B iron € solid D fixed 1 A compared B put € rated D assessed 2 A regarded B valued € recognized D_measured 3 A argue B criticize © defend D judge 4 A resulted B created © brought D turned 5 A alike B open C true D careful 6 Aempathize -B understand analyse D handle 7 A shown B held © made D backed 8 A doubt B difference © consequence D surprise 9 A beliefs B conflicts € decisions contradictions 10 A follow B carry C get D continue 11 A tackle B supervise extinguish Dispose 12 A control B limits € restriction _D rule a4BED Getting on 42 Essay Read the following Writing Part 2 task. ‘You have recently had a class debate, in which students discussed whether knowledge or social connections were more useful in achieving success. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay, giving your opinion on the following statement. It not what you know, but who you know that counts, Write your essay in 220-260 words. What does the statement above mean? Do you have a similar saying in your language? Read the following sample answer and decide which of the following sentences a-c best summarizes the author's point of view, a Generally speaking, people rely more on their social connections than their knowledge. b Knowledge is more useful in the long-term than having the right social connections. © Wealthy people benefit from making social connections and poorer people benefit from knowledge. “This is an English saying wich has an equivalent in many languages. Indeed, 2 major reason for mankind’ global existence today is that humans rely on one another for survival. However (), humans alo have a brain capable of storing a great deal of information. qo what extent (2), then is knowledge of less importance than social connections? ‘Some would argue that knowing the ‘right’ person is the Key fo success. An example of ‘his is when people are orky accepted into social circles due to their relationship with “VIPs: i otter words (8) by knowing the right person, you can gain entry into golf clubs, exclusive restaurants and 80 on. Furthermore (4), in certain cultures, it is common Practice for parents to request that acquaintances or relatives in positions of power find work for a son or daughter. | personally believe, however, that a person must have the ight Knowledge to do their work successfully. You cannot rely on an employer's goodwill forever if you are not performing wel. In most cases (6), geting abead at work requires intelligence and a natural aptitude for the job. Likewise (W), successful academic performance requires in-depth knowledge of a subject. Admittedly (7), it sometimes happens that certain weak students are assessed more favourably han they deserve because their parents have ‘friends in the right places, but eventually they will have to prove their true ability inthe real world, In conclusion, while (@) i may be true that Knowing the right people can allow you to abtain what you desire. more quictly, tis knowledge that wil allow you to hold on to i Lennar AA Nn, |Getting on @& 4. Which of the three paragraph plans, A, B or C, on page 68 of the Coursebook does the essay follow? 5 Match the underlined words and phrases 1-8 in the sample answer to explanations a-h. This word/phrase ... a means ‘in the same or similar way’. D could be replaced with ‘In general’. © isused to say that you agree that something is true, although it may make your main idea weaker. is used to add an additional idea, statement or example to the previous one, could be replaced with ‘how much’. is used to introduce a contrasting point to the previous statement. can be replaced with ‘Although’. is followed by an explanation of the previous statement. rR mon 6 Write an essay giving your opinion on one of the following statements. 1 Young people should be taught that participation and team work is more important than winning. 2 Young people today have much easier lives than young people did a generation ago. 3 Details of people's private lives have no place in a national newspaper. 4 Work cannot be truly satisfying unless it is well paid. 5 It is inadvisable to get married before your mid-twenties. Before you write + Each numbered statement in exercise 6 deals with a theme from Units 1-5 of the Coursebook. ‘When you have chosen which essay you are going to write, look back at the unit with the same number and note down any vocabulary you could use in your answer. ‘+ Choose one of the paragraph plans A, B or C on p68 of the Coursebook. ‘+ Make notes about the content of each paragraph before you write the essay. ‘+ Decide which of the phrases and expressions on pages 69 and 197 of the Coursebook you could use. 43Quai in the mind? CAE Part 4 Multiple matching 1 Read paragraphs 1 and 2. In these paragraphs, the writer’s tone shows that she is probably ‘@ sceptical regarding the use of dogs in the classroom. b impressed with Henrys effect on the children. © unconvinced that Henry is making any difference. 2 You are going to read a newspaper article about the effect of having a dog in the classroom. For questions 1-15, choose from the paragraphs (A-G). The paragraphs may be chosen more than once. In which paragraph are the following mentioned? a way that students can overcome their fear of making mistakes 1 the criteria regarding the selection of an appropriate dog 2 the claim that a dog has increased the students’ attendance at school 3 ‘a motivating reason for students to keep up with their school work 4 evidence to back up the theory that dogs can improve physical well-being 5 __ the celebrity status that a dog has recently acquired 6 people eventually being persuaded that a dog at school is beneficial 7 a misunderstanding concerning the treatment of a dog 8 a dog's popularity not attracting negative feelings 9 the inability to explain how a dog can have a relaxing effect 10___ the writer's belief that young people are unwilling to talk about their problems uw a decision which was taken to avoid provoking people 12 the accusation that schools have dogs just to attract media attention 13 a welcome positive effect on a group of people that Wendy Brown had not anticipated 14 the fundamental reason why dogs can have a positive impact on people's happiness 15__ 44Allin the mind? @@ Paws for thought Buying a dog for a schoolisn’t a barking mad idea, says Mary Braid. Man's best friend is also a useful classroom assistant. A Henry is the undisputed star of Dronfield schoo! near Sheffield. Whatever the achievements of other members of the comprehensive school, it is Henry with his soulful eyes and glossy hair, who has hogged the limclight, appearing on television in Britain and abroad. Yet despite all the public adulation, Henry stifs up no envy or resentment among the 2,000 students at Dronfield High ~ in fact, they all adore him. The pupils say the Cavalier King Charles spaniel is simply a pupil’s best friend. Their teachers make even bigger assertions for Henry: They say the dog, who first arrived six months ago, is a super dog, who has improved pupil behaviour and encouraged more students to turn up regularly for their lessons and focus on their academic achievement. B ‘Ivs hard not to drift off in a large class sometimes; explains Andrew Wainwright, 15, who like everyone else, is crazy about Henry. ‘So when I go to catch- up classes, Henry is always in the room where they're held. He helps me focus and get on with it? ‘Andrew says Henry is a calming influence although he is unsure of why this might be. But he knows that there's something magical about being able to throw Henry a soft toy or have Henry lick his hand while he is studying. ‘If we fall behind, Miss Brown won't let us ook after him and everyone wants to walk Heney’ C Wendy Brown is Andrew's teacher. It was Brown and Julie Smart, the school counsellor, who first proposed buying a school dog, ‘Julie and I grew up with dogs and we were talking one day about how Jooking after dogs can affect children’s conduct} says Brown.’ We did some research and discovered that the Presence of pets has been shown to he therapeutic. A number of studies have found that animals improve recovery after surgery or illness and have a calming influence on people in lots of settings. Some of my kids can be a handful and some of the children Julie counsels have terrible problems? D The two teachers could have plucked a dog from a rescue centre but felt that those clogs were more likely to have difficulties. What they and what troubled children needed was a stable, intelligent, people-loving animal. Step forward then puppy Henry, purchased from a local breeder. Julie looks after him after schoo! hours - information that has calmed the animal lovers who complained to the school about Henry's treatment. They seemed to think we locked him in a school cupboard overnight, says Brown.‘Also, the school budget was too tight to buy a dog and you can imagine that putting one before books might have stirred some people up a bit. We wanted the least controversy possible so we settled on approaching local churches. They donated the funds to buy him and his favourite food? E Today Henry is on Dronficld’s front line when it comes to helping children struggling with everything from attention problems to a sudden death in the family. In the next few weeks, the dog will launch his own confidential counselling website, Ask Henry. Pupils will be encouraged to email and describe whatever is worrying them and Julie will answer on Henry's behalf, Wouldn't teenagers run horrified from such a scheme? Apparently not when Henry is involved! ‘Henry has been a massive success) insists Brown, explaining that even doubting staff have finally been won round. Perhaps that is because Henry, who lies on the floor during staff meetings, has also had a calming influence on teachers. ‘Not part of the plan} says Brown, ‘but a very welcome benefit? F Could the school dog become a craze? Brown has already been contacted by cight schools keen to get their own dog, Other schools such as the Mulberry Bush, a primary school for 36 children with emotional and behavioural problems, have stepped forward to point out they already have one. Rosie Johnston, a Mulberry staff member, first brought her golden retriever, Muskoka, into school when he was just nine weeks old. That was three years ago. Aside from being a calming influence, Muskoka even plays his part in literacy lessons. Children at the school can be too shy to read to adults so they read to Muskoka. Their anxiety about mispronouncing something or getting the words in the wrong order is reduced when they read to him; says Johinston. G Psychologist Dr Deborah Wells from Qu ‘ty Belfast specializes in animal-huma interaction, She believes the underlying key to the Henry effect is that dogs offer unconditional love and that cheers up adults and children and helps with self-esteem. But traditionalist Chris Woodhead, the former chief inspector of schools says,‘I can see how children with behavioural difficulties might be helped Dut I'm sceptical about the use of dogs in mainstream ‘education. I clon’t see why a teacher ca positive learning environment through the subject they teach and their personality. Dogs strike me as a bit of a publicity stunt. It’s the kind of sentimental story journalists love. But Henry remains as popular as ever. He's just become the first animal to be made an honorary member of the public services union Unison - in recognition of his services as a canine classroom assistant. 45