BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM)
GENERAL PHYSICS 1

NORMAN RUELO MARQUEZ, MAEd

 Collision, impulse
momentum and center
of mass
Linear Momentum
Momentum and Its Relations
Impulse
Impulse – Momentum Theorem
Conservation of Momentum
Types of Collision
Center of Mass
MOMENTUM
 Scenario 1: Jessie and James are
two racers. Jessie has a mass of 60
kg while James has a mass of 70 kg.
They were asked to run with almost
the same velocity. At a certain point,
they were asked to stop.
 Scenario 2: Tom and Tim
have the same masses.
Tom was running at a faster
velocity than Tim.
▪The ideas seems to suggest that heavy
or massive objects have greater
momentum even if they are moving
slowly.
▪A light object can have as much
momentum as a heavy object,
depending on how fast it moves.
is a physical quantity which
is equivalent to the product
of the mass of a body and
its velocity
 The LM of an object of mass
moving with a velocity is defined as
the product of the mass and the
velocity.
𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗
• This is a new fundamental quantity, like force, energy. It is
a vector quantity (points in same direction as velocity).
• The linear momentum p of an object of mass m moving
with a velocity v is defined to be the product of the mass
and velocity:
𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗
• Momentum depend on an object’s mass and velocity
• Linear momentum is a vector quantity
▪ Its direction is the same as the direction of the velocity
• The dimensions of momentum are ML/T (mass, length,
time)
• The SI units of momentum are kg.m/s
• Momentum can be expressed in component form:

𝒑𝒙 = 𝒎𝒗𝒙 ; 𝒑𝒚 = 𝒎𝒗𝒚 ; 𝒑𝒛 = 𝒎𝒗𝒛

•There is a relation between kinetic energy and
momentum as both the properties are linked
with velocity.
•Momentum gets expressed as a multiplication
of velocity and mass, whereas kinetic energy is
the product of the square of speed and half of
the mass.
• Newton’s Second Law can be used to relate the momentum
of an object to the resultant force acting on it
∆𝒗 ∆(𝒎𝒗)
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎 =
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
• The change in an object’s momentum divided by the
elapsed time equals the constant net force acting on the
object
∆𝒑 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎
= = 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕
∆𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍
Calculate the momentum of a 1200kg car with a
velocity of 25m/s.
A bowling ball of 35.2-kg, generates 218 kg.m/s
units of momentum. What is the velocity of the
bowling ball?
The parking brake on a 1200kg automobile has
broken, and the vehicle has reached a momentum of
7800kg.m/s. What is the velocity of the vehicle?
A toy dart gun generates a dart with .140kg.m/s
momentum and a velocity of 4m/s. What is the mass of the
dart in grams?
1. A 2500 – kg bus from Laguna moves at 25
m/s to Makati. What is the momentum of
the bus?
2. Find the momentum of 2.5 - kg body which
travels with a velocity of 12 m/s toward the
left.
1. How fast is a 1.5-g bullet moving if it
has a momentum of 1.2 – kg-m/s?
2. What is the mass of a tennis ball that
has a velocity of 70 m/s and a
momentum of 4 kg-m/s?
 The LM of an object of mass
moving with a velocity is defined as
the product of the mass and the
velocity.
𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗
• Newton’s Second Law can be used to relate the momentum
of an object to the resultant force acting on it
∆𝒗 ∆(𝒎𝒗)
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎 =
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
• The change in an object’s momentum divided by the
elapsed time equals the constant net force acting on the
object
∆𝒑 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎
= = 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕
∆𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍
• When a single, constant force acts on the object, there is an
impulse delivered to the object.
𝑰Ԧ = 𝑭∆𝒕
• The equality is true even if the force is not constant
• Vector quantity, the direction is the same as the direction of
the force
∆𝒑 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎
= = 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕
∆𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍
• The theorem states that the impulse acting on a system is
equal to the change in momentum of the system

∆𝒑 = 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 ∆𝒕 = 𝑰Ԧ
𝑰Ԧ = ∆𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝒊
Fernando Jose hits a 0.05 – kg
golf ball, giving it a speed of 65
m/s. What impulse does he
impart to the ball?
Automobile companies often test the safety of
cars by putting them through crash tests to
observe the integrity of the passenger
compartment. If a 1100-kg car is sent toward a
cement wall with a speed of 15 m/s and the
impact stops the car in 0.09 s, with what average
force is it brought to a stop?
A 5-gram ball free fall from a height and
strikes the floor. Acceleration due to gravity,
-2
g = 10 ms . Velocity of ball before collision is
-1
6 ms and after collision, the ball is reflected
upright at 4 m/s. Determine the impulse.
A 20-gram thrown with velocity of 4
m.s-1 to the left. After colliding
with the wall, the ball is reflected
with velocity of v2 = 2 m.s-1 to the
right. Determine the impulse.
Carol, who is 60 – kg, is driving her car at a speed of 25 m/s.
She sees a dog crossing the road and so she steps on the
brake to avoid hitting it. Her seatbelt brings her body to a
stop in 0.40 s.
A. What average force does the seatbelt exert on her?
B. If she is not strapped to her seatbelt, and the
windshield stops her head in 0.001 s, what average force
would the windshield exert on her?
A toy car having mass of 200 g is
accelerated so that its velocity
changes from 1.5 m/s to 4.5 m/s in
4 seconds. A) What is its impulse?
B) What force is applied on the toy?
 In a crash test, a car of mass 1.5103 kg collides with a
wall and rebounds as in figure. The initial and final velocities
of the car are vi=-15 m/s and vf = 2.6 m/s, respectively. If
the collision lasts for 0.15 s, find (a) the impulse delivered
to the car due to the collision (b) the size and direction of
the average force exerted on the car
In a crash test, a car of mass 1.5103 kg collides with a wall and rebounds as in figure. The
initial and final velocities of the car are vi=-15 m/s and vf = 2.6 m/s, respectively. If the
collision lasts for 0.15 s, find (a) the impulse delivered to the car due to the collision (b)
the size and direction of the average force exerted on the car
The momentum of an object changes if its
velocity and/or its mass changes.
 ∆𝒑 = 𝒑𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 − 𝒑𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆
∆𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 − 𝒎𝒗𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆
∆𝒑 = 𝒎(𝒗𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 −𝒗𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 )
• In an isolated and closed system, the total
momentum of the system remains
constant in time.
• Isolated system: no external forces
• Closed system: no mass enters or leaves
• The linear momentum of each colliding body
may change
• The total momentum P of the system cannot
change.
•The total momentum
of a system does not
change if there are no
net external forces
acting on it.
•The total momentum
of a system does not
change if there are no
net external forces
acting on it.
    
m1v1i + m2 v2i = m1v1 f + m2 v2 f
• When no external forces act on a system consisting of two objects
that collide with each other, the total momentum of the system
remains constant in time
   
Fnet t = p = p f − pi
 
• When Fnet = then
0 p = 0
 
• For an isolated system p f = pi
▪ Specifically, the total momentum before the collision will equal the
total momentum after the collision

   
m1v1i + m2 v2i = m1v1 f + m2 v2 f
An archer stands at rest on frictionless ice
and fires a 0.5-kg arrow horizontally at 50.0
m/s. The combined mass of the archer and
bow is 60.0 kg. With what velocity does the
archer move across the ice before firing the
arrow?
An archer stands at rest on frictionless ice and fires a 0.5-kg arrow horizontally at 50.0
m/s. The combined mass of the archer and bow is 60.0 kg. With what velocity does the
archer move across the ice after firing the arrow?
A 20-gram bullet traveling at
250m/s strikes a block of wood that
weighs 2kg. With what velocity will
the block and bullet move after the
collision?
A 20-gram bullet traveling at 250m/s strikes a block of wood that weighs 2kg.
With what velocity will the block and bullet move after the collision?
A 12,000kg. railroad car is traveling at
2m/s when it strikes another 10,000kg
railroad car that is at rest. If the cars
lock together, what is the final speed of
the two railroad cars?
A 12,000kg. railroad car is traveling at 2m/s when it strikes another
10,000kg railroad car that is at rest. If the cars lock together, what is
the final speed of the two railroad cars?
• When no external forces act on a system consisting of two objects
that collide with each other, the total momentum of the system
remains constant in time
   
Fnet t = p = p f − pi
 
• When Fnet = then
0 p = 0
 
• For an isolated system p f = pi
 TYPES
OF
COLLISION
• MOMENTUM is conserved in any collision

• ELASTIC COLLISIONS: billiard ball

• both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
• INELASTIC COLLISIONS: rubber ball and hard ball
• Kinetic energy is not conserved
• Perfectly inelastic collisions occur when the objects stick together
• ACTUAL COLLISIONS
• Most collisions fall between elastic and perfectly inelastic collisions
 The two objects
bounce after the collision,
and they move separately.
m1 = mass of the first object
m2 = mass of the second object
v1 = velocity before collision of the first object
v2 = velocity before collision of the second object
v1’ = velocity after collision of the first object
v2’ = velocity after collision of the second object
• Both momentum and kinetic energy are
conserved
m1v1i + m2 v2i = m1v1 f + m2v2 f
1 1 1 1
m1v1i + m2 v2i = m1v1 f + m2 v22 f
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
• Typically have two unknowns
• Momentum is a vector quantity
• Direction is important
• Be sure to have the correct signs
• Solve the equations simultaneously
A O.02-kg ball moving to the right at 0.25
m/s makes an elastic head-on collision with
a 0.04-kg ball moving to the left at 0.15 m/s.
After the collision, the smaller ball moves to
the left at 0.16 m/s. What is the velocity of
the 0.04-kg ball after collision?
The two objects deform during
collision, and the total kinetic
energy decreases, but the objects
move separately after the
collision.
The two objects stick together
and move with a common
velocity after the collision. Both
objects are deformed.
The two objects stick together
and move with a common
velocity after the collision. Both
objects are deformed.
• When two objects stick together after the
collision, they have undergone a perfectly
inelastic collision
• Conservation of momentum
m1v1i + m2 v2i = (m1 + m2 )v f
m1v1i + m2 v2i
vf =
m1 + m2
• Kinetic energy is NOT conserved
An SUV with mass 1.80103 kg is travelling eastbound at +15.0 m/s,
while a compact car with mass 9.00102 kg is travelling westbound
at -15.0 m/s. The cars collide head-on, becoming entangled.
1.Find the speed of the entangled cars
after the collision.
2.Find the change in the velocity of
each car.
3.Find the change in the kinetic energy
of the system consisting of both cars.
An SUV with mass 1.80103 kg is travelling eastbound at +15.0 m/s,
while a compact car with mass 9.00102 kg is travelling westbound
at -15.0 m/s. The cars collide head-on, becoming entangled.
1.Find the speed of the entangled cars after the collision.
An SUV with mass 1.80103 kg is travelling eastbound at +15.0 m/s,
while a compact car with mass 9.00102 kg is travelling westbound
at -15.0 m/s. The cars collide head-on, becoming entangled.
2. Find the change in the velocity of each car.
An SUV with mass 1.80103 kg is travelling eastbound at +15.0 m/s,
while a compact car with mass 9.00102 kg is travelling westbound
at -15.0 m/s. The cars collide head-on, becoming entangled.
3. Find the change in the kinetic energy of the system consisting of
both cars.
A 0.25-kg arrow with a velocity of
15m/s to the east strikes and
pierces the bull’s eye of a 70-kg
target. What is the final velocity of
the combined mass?
 BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM)
GENERAL PHYSICS 1

THANK YOU
And
GODBLESS!!!