#include<iostream.

h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()

float x1,x2,b,a,c,f;

clrscr();

cout<<"Enter a :";

cin>>a;

cout<<"Enter b :";

cin>>b;

cout<<"Enter c :";

cin>>c;

f=abs(sqrt((b*b)-4*a*c));

cout<<f<<endl;/*to check whether sqrt is positive*/

x1=(-b+f)/2*a;

x2=(-b-f)/2*a;

cout<<"value of x1 : "<<x1<<endl;

cout<<"value of x2 : "<<x2<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.2.Write a C++ program to demonstrate the use of operator precedence.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()

float x1,x2;

clrscr();

x1=10/2*3+1-3;

x2=14+6-5*2/2;

cout<<"x1 :"<<x1<<endl<<"x2 :"<<x2<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.1.Write a C++ program check leap year.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()

int year;

clrscr();

cout<<"enter year :";

cin>>year;

if(year%4==0)

cout<<year<<" is leap year";

else

cout<<year<<" is not a leap year";

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.2.Write a C++ program armstrong numbers between two integers.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()

int n1=0,n=0,num=0,digit=0,sum=0;

clrscr();

cout<<"enter number :";

cin>>num;

n1=num;

while(n1!=0)

n1/=10;

n++;

n1=num;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)

digit=n1%10;

sum=sum+digit*digit*digit;

n1=n1/10;

if(sum==num)

cout<<"Number "<<sum<<" is Armstrong"<<endl;

else

cout<<sum<<" Not a Armstrong number"<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.3.Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int num=0,re_num=0,number=0,remainder=0;

clrscr();

cout<<"enter a number :";

cin>>num;

number=num;

while(num!=0)

remainder=num%10;

re_num=re_num*10+remainder;

num=num/10;

cout<<re_num<<endl;
if(re_num==number)

cout<<"Number is palindrome";

else

cout<<"Number is not palindrome" ;

getch();

OUTPUT:

Q.1.Write a C++ program to print a multiplication table of 7.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()
{

clrscr();

for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)

cout<<"7X"<<i<<"="<<7*i<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:

Q.2.Write a C++ program to 100 to 1.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

for(int i=100;i>=1;i--)

{
cout<<i<<"\t";

getch();

OUTPUT:

Q.3.Write a C++ program which will print (half pyramid)pattern of natural numbers

23

456

7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,j,n=1;

clrscr();
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)

for(j=1;j<=i;j++)

cout<<n;

n++;

cout<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:

Q.4.Write a C++ program; ask the user to enter the number of rows to print pyramid of stars(*)

**

***

*****
*******
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,j,row;

clrscr();

cout<<"Enter rows : ";

cin>>row;

for(i=1;i<=row;i++)

for(j=0;j<i;j++)

cout<<"*";

cout<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.1.Write a C++ program to find median of two sorted arrays of same size.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[5]={10,20,30,40,50};

int b[5]={15,35,55,75,95};

int m1,m2,mid1,mid2;

clrscr();

m1=sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);

m2=sizeof(b)/sizeof(b[0]);

mid1=m1/2;

mid2=m1/2;

cout<<"Middle of A :"<<a[mid1]<<endl;

cout<<"Middle of B :"<<b[mid2];

getch();

}
OUTPUT:

Q.2.Write a C++ program to find the two repeating elements in a given array.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[5]={10,20,40,20,10},i,j;

clrscr();

for(i=0;i<2;i++)

come:

for(j=2;j<5;j++)

if(a[i]==a[j])

if(i==2&&j==2)

goto come;
}

cout<<"Repeated element :"<<a[i]<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:

Q.3.Find the smallest and the second smallest elements in an array.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[5]={1,5,2,4,3};

int temp;

clrscr();

for(int i=0;i<5;i++)

{
for(int j=0;j<5;j++)

if(a[i]<a[j])

temp=a[i];

a[i]=a[j];

a[j]=temp;

for(i=0;i<2;i++)

cout<<i+1<<"number :"<<a[i]<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.4.Write a C++ program to find the missing number.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[100]={1,2,3,5};

int k=5;

int total=(k)*(k+1)/2;

clrscr();

for(int i=0;i<5;i++)

total=total-a[i];

cout<<"Missing number :"<<total;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.1.Write a C++ program to Multiply 3*3 Matrix Using Multi-dimensional Arrays.

#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int matrix1[3][3];

int matrix2[3][3];

int result[3][3]={0};

int i,j,k;

clrscr();

cout<<"Enter elements for Matrix 1 (3x3):"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<3;++i)

for(j=0;j<3;++j)

cout<<"Enter element at row "<<i+1<<" column "<<j+1<<":";

cin>>matrix1[i][j];

cout<<"Enter elements for Matrix 2 (3x3):"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<3;++i)

for(j=0;j<3;++j)

cout<<"Enter element at row "<<i+1<<" column "<<j+1<<": ";

cin>>matrix2[i][j];

for(i=0;i<3;++i)

for(j=0;j<3;++j)

for(k=0;k<3;++k)

result[i][j]+=matrix1[i][k]*matrix2[k][j];

cout<<"Resultant Matrix:"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<3;++i)

for(j=0;j<3;++j)

cout<<result[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.2.Write a C++ program to find Transpose of 2*2 matrix.

#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int matrix[2][2];

int transpose[2][2];

int i,j;

clrscr();

cout<< "Enter elements for the 2x2 matrix:"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<2;++i)

for(j=0;j<2;++j)

cout<<"Enter element at row "<<i+1<<" column "<<j+1<<": ";

cin>>matrix[i][j];

}
for(i=0;i<2;++i)

for(j=0;j<2;++j)

transpose[j][i]=matrix[i][j];

cout<<"Transpose of the matrix:"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<2;++i)

for(j=0;j<2;++j)

cout<<transpose[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl;

getch();

OUTPUT:
Q.1.Write a C++ program to declare a class “Book” having data members book_name,author and
price.Accept and display data for book having maximum price.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>

class Book

public:

char book_name[30];

char author[30];

double price;

void read()

cout<<"Book Name: ";

cin>>book_name;

cout<< "Author: ";

cin>>author;

cout<<"Price: ";

cin>>price;

void display()

cout<<"Book Name: "<<book_name<<endl;

cout<< "Author: "<<author<<endl;

cout<<"Price: "<<price<<"$"<<endl;

double getPrice()

return price;

};

void main()

int num,i=1,j=0,max;

clrscr();

cout<<"Enter number of books :";

cin>>num;

Book book[100];

cout<<"Enter information of "<<num<<" books"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<num;i++)

book[i].read();

for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{

for(j=0;j<num;j++)

if(book[i].price>book[j+1].price)

max=i;

break;

cout<<"Information of book with highest price :"<<endl;

book[max].display();

getch();

OUTPUT:

Q.2.Write a C++ program to declare a class “Staff” having data members name,basic salary,DA,HRA
and calculate gross salary.Accept and display data for one staff.
a)Where DA=74.5% of basic

1) HRA=30% of basic

2)Gross_salary=basic+HRA+DA

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class Staff

public:

char name[20];

float HRA,DA,sal,gr_sal;

void accept()

cout<<"Name : ";

cin>>name;

cout<<"enter salary : ";

cin>>sal;

void display()

DA=(sal*74.5)/100;

HRA=(sal*30)/100;

gr_sal=sal+HRA+DA;

cout<<"Staff Name : "<<name<<endl;

cout<<"Salary : "<<sal<<endl;

cout<<"HRA : "<<HRA<<endl;

cout<<"DA : "<<DA<<endl;

cout<<"Gross Salary : "<<gr_sal<<endl;

}
};

void main()

clrscr();

Staff s;

s.accept();

s.display();

getch();

OUTPUT:

PRACTICAL NO.7

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h> // For Turbo C++ compatibility

class Employee {

public:

int emp_id;

char emp_name[50];

float emp_salary;

void getData() {

cout << "Enter Employee ID: ";

cin >> emp_id;

cout << "Enter Employee Name: ";

cin.ignore(); // Clear the input buffer

cin.getline(emp_name, 50);

cout << "Enter Employee Salary: ";

cin >> emp_salary;

void displayData() {

cout << "Employee ID: " << emp_id << endl;

cout << "Employee Name: " << emp_name <<endl;

cout << "Employee Salary: " << emp_salary <<endl;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

int n;

cout << "Enter the number of employees: ";

 cin >> n;

Employee employees[100];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "\nEnter details for Employee " << (i + 1) << ":\n";

employees[i].getData();

cout << "\nEmployees with salary greater than 25,000/-:\n";

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (employees[i].emp_salary > 25000) {

employees[i].displayData();

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:
#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h> // For Turbo C++ compatibility

class City {

private:

char name[50];

int population;

public:

void getData() {

cout << "Enter City Name: ";

cin.ignore(); // Clear the input buffer

cin.getline(name, 50);

cout << "Enter City Population: ";

cin >> population;

 }

void displayData() {

cout << "City Name: " << name <<endl ;

cout << "City Population: " << population <<endl ;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

City cities[10];

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

cout << "\nEnter details for City " << (i + 1) << ":\n";

cities[i].getData();

cout << "\nCity data for 10 cities:\n";

for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

cout << "\nDetails for City " << (i + 1) << ":\n";

cities[i].displayData();

getch(); // Wait for a key press (Turbo C++ specific)

return 0;

OUTPUT:
Write a C++ program to swap the values of two variables using friend functions.

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Swap; // Forward declaration of the Swap class

class Number {
private:

int value;

public:

Number(int val) : value(val) {}

friend void swapNumbers(Number &num1, Number &num2);

friend void display(Number &num);

};

void swapNumbers(Number &num1, Number &num2) {

int temp = num1.value;

num1.value = num2.value;

num2.value = temp;

void display(Number &num) {

cout << "Value: " << num.value << endl;

int main() {

clrscr(); // Clear the screen (Turbo C++ specific)

Number num1(5);

Number num2(10);

cout << "Before swapping:\n";

 cout << "Number 1: ";

display(num1);

cout << "Number 2: ";

display(num2);

swapNumbers(num1, num2);

cout << "\nAfter swapping:\n";

cout << "Number 1: ";

display(num1);

cout << "Number 2: ";

display(num2);

getch(); // Wait for a key press (Turbo C++ specific)

return 0;

OUTPUT:
Write a C++ program to define a class “Distance” having data member as meters.Display the
addition of two Distances objects using friend function.

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Distance {

private:

int meters;

public:

Distance(int m) : meters(m) {}

// Declare a friend function for addition

friend Distance addDistances(Distance d1, Distance d2);

void display() {

cout << "Meters: " << meters << " m" << endl;

}
};

// Define the friend function to add two Distance objects

Distance addDistances(Distance d1, Distance d2) {

int totalMeters = d1.meters + d2.meters;

Distance result(totalMeters);

return result;

int main() {

clrscr(); // Clear the screen (Turbo C++ specific)

Distance distance1(10);

Distance distance2(20);

cout << "Distance 1: ";

distance1.display();

cout << "Distance 2: ";

distance2.display();

Distance sum = addDistances(distance1, distance2);

cout << "\nSum of Distances: ";

sum.display();

getch(); // Wait for a key press (Turbo C++ specific)

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Number {

private:

int x, y;

public:

Number(int a, int b) : x(a), y(b) {}

// Inline function for addition

inline int add() {

return x + y;
 }

// Inline function for subtraction

inline int subtract() {

return x - y;

// Inline function for multiplication

inline int multiply() {

return x * y;

// Inline function for division

inline float divide() {

if (y == 0) {

cout << "Error: Division by zero is not allowed." << endl;

return 0;

return (float)x / y;

};

int main() {

clrscr(); // Clear the screen (Turbo C++ specific)

int a, b;

cout << "Enter the first number (x): ";

 cin >> a;

cout << "Enter the second number (y): ";

cin >> b;

Number num(a, b);

cout << "Addition (x + y): " << num.add() << endl;

cout << "Subtraction (x - y): " << num.subtract() << endl;

cout << "Multiplication (x * y): " << num.multiply() << endl;

cout << "Division (x / y): " << num.divide() << endl;

getch(); // Wait for a key press (Turbo C++ specific)

return 0;

OUTPUT:
#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Number {

private:

int x, y;

public:

Number(int a, int b) : x(a), y(b) {

cout << "Constructor is called." << endl;

~Number() {

cout << "Destructor is called." << endl;

int add() {

return x + y;

int subtract() {

return x - y;

int multiply() {
 return x * y;

float divide() {

if (y == 0) {

cout << "Error: Division by zero is not allowed." << endl;

return 0;

return (float)x / y;

};

int main() {

clrscr(); // Clear the screen (Turbo C++ specific)

int a, b;

cout << "Enter the first number (x): ";

cin >> a;

cout << "Enter the second number (y): ";

cin >> b;

Number num(a, b);

cout << "Addition (x + y): " << num.add() << endl;

cout << "Subtraction (x - y): " << num.subtract() << endl;

cout << "Multiplication (x * y): " << num.multiply() << endl;

cout << "Division (x / y): " << num.divide() << endl;

 getch(); // Wait for a key press (Turbo C++ specific)

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Write a C++ program to define a class “product” having data members prod_id, prod_name and prod_price.
Accept and display data for 3 products using constructor overloading.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

class Product {

private:

int prod_id;

char prod_name[50];

float prod_price;

public:

// Default constructor
Product() {

prod_id = 0;

prod_name[0] = '\0';

prod_price = 0.0;

// Parameterized constructor with 3 parameters

Product(int id, const char name[], float price) {

prod_id = id;

strcpy(prod_name, name);

prod_price = price;

// Member function to accept product data

void acceptData() {

cout << "Enter Product ID: ";

cin >> prod_id;

cout << "Enter Product Name: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(prod_name, 50);

cout << "Enter Product Price: ";

cin >> prod_price;

// Member function to display product data

void displayData() {

cout << "Product ID: " << prod_id << endl;

cout << "Product Name: " << prod_name << endl;

 cout << "Product Price: $" << prod_price << endl;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

Product products[3]; // Create an array of 3 products

// Accept data for 3 products using a loop

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

cout << "Enter details for Product " << i + 1 << ":" << endl;

products[i].acceptData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Product Details:" << endl;

// Display data for all 3 products

for (i=0; i < 3; i++) {

cout << "\nProduct " << i + 1 << " details:" << endl;

products[i].displayData();

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

class Student {

protected:

int roll_no;

char name[50];

public:

void acceptStudentData() {

cout << "Enter Roll Number: ";

cin >> roll_no;

cout << "Enter Name: ";

cin.ignore();
 cin.getline(name, 50);

void displayStudentData() {

cout << "Roll Number: " << roll_no << endl;

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;

};

class Marks : public Student {

private:

float m1, m2, m3;

float total;

float percentage;

public:

void acceptMarksData() {

cout << "Enter Marks for Subject 1: ";

cin >> m1;

cout << "Enter Marks for Subject 2: ";

cin >> m2;

cout << "Enter Marks for Subject 3: ";

cin >> m3;

// Calculate total and percentage

total = m1 + m2 + m3;

percentage = (total / 300) * 100;

 }

void displayMarksData() {

cout << "Marks for Subject 1: " << m1 << endl;

cout << "Marks for Subject 2: " << m2 << endl;

cout << "Marks for Subject 3: " << m3 << endl;

cout << "Total Marks: " << total << endl;

cout << "Percentage: " << percentage << "%" << endl;

};

void main() {

clrscr();

Marks studentData; // Create an object of the Marks class

cout << "Enter Student Details:" << endl;

studentData.acceptStudentData();

cout << "Enter Marks Details:" << endl;

studentData.acceptMarksData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Student Details:" << endl;

studentData.displayStudentData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Marks Details:" << endl;

studentData.displayMarksData();
 getch();

OUTPUT:

Write a c++ to define a class data members

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

class Employee {

protected:

int emp_no;

char emp_name[50];

char emp_designation[50];

public:
 void acceptEmployeeData() {

cout << "Enter Employee Number: ";

cin >> emp_no;

cout << "Enter Employee Name: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(emp_name, 50);

cout << "Enter Employee Designation: ";

cin.getline(emp_designation, 50);

void displayEmployeeData() {

cout << "Employee Number: " << emp_no << endl;

cout << "Employee Name: " << emp_name << endl;

cout << "Employee Designation: " << emp_designation << endl;

};

class Salary : public Employee {

private:

float hra, da, basic, gross_sal;

public:

void acceptSalaryData() {

cout << "Enter HRA: ";

cin >> hra;

cout << "Enter DA: ";

cin >> da;

cout << "Enter Basic Salary: ";

cin >> basic;

// Calculate gross salary

 gross_sal = basic + hra + da;

void displaySalaryData() {

cout << "HRA: " << hra << endl;

cout << "DA: " << da << endl;

cout << "Basic Salary: " << basic << endl;

cout << "Gross Salary: " << gross_sal << endl;

};

void main() {

clrscr();

Salary employeeData; // Create an object of the Salary class

cout << "Enter Employee Details:" << endl;

employeeData.acceptEmployeeData();

cout << "Enter Salary Details:" << endl;

employeeData.acceptSalaryData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Employee Details:" << endl;

employeeData.displayEmployeeData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Salary Details:" << endl;

employeeData.displaySalaryData();

getch();

}
OUTPUT:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

class Person {
protected:

char name[50];

char gender[10];

int age;

public:

void acceptPersonData() {

cout << "Enter Name: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(name, 50);

cout << "Enter Gender: ";

cin.getline(gender, 10);

cout << "Enter Age: ";

cin >> age;

void displayPersonData() {

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;

cout << "Gender: " << gender << endl;

cout << "Age: " << age << endl;

};

class Employee : public Person {

protected:

int emp_id;

char company[50];
 float salary;

public:

void acceptEmployeeData() {

cout << "Enter Employee ID: ";

cin >> emp_id;

cout << "Enter Company: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(company, 50);

cout << "Enter Salary: ";

cin >> salary;

void displayEmployeeData() {

cout << "Employee ID: " << emp_id << endl;

cout << "Company: " << company << endl;

cout << "Salary: " << salary << endl;

};

class Programmer : public Employee {

private:

int no_of_prog_lang_known;

public:

void acceptProgrammerData() {

cout << "Enter Number of Programming Languages Known: ";

 cin >> no_of_prog_lang_known;

void displayProgrammerData() {

cout << "Number of Programming Languages Known: " << no_of_prog_lang_known << endl;

};

void main() {

clrscr();

Programmer programmerData; // Create an object of the Programmer class

cout << "Enter Person Details:" << endl;

programmerData.acceptPersonData();

cout << "Enter Employee Details:" << endl;

programmerData.acceptEmployeeData();

cout << "Enter Programmer Details:" << endl;

programmerData.acceptProgrammerData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Person Details:" << endl;

programmerData.displayPersonData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Employee Details:" << endl;

programmerData.displayEmployeeData();

cout << "\nDisplaying Programmer Details:" << endl;

 programmerData.displayProgrammerData();

getch();

OUTPUT:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

class Car {

protected:

char car_type[50];

public:

void acceptCarData() {

cout << "Enter Car Type: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(car_type, 50);

void displayCarData() {

cout << "Car Type: " << car_type << endl;

};

class Brand {

protected:

char brand_name[50];

int speed;

public:

void acceptBrandData() {

cout << "Enter Brand Name: ";

 cin.ignore();

cin.getline(brand_name, 50);

cout << "Enter Speed: ";

cin >> speed;

void displayBrandData() {

cout << "Brand Name: " << brand_name << endl;

cout << "Speed: " << speed << " mph" << endl;

};

class Model {

protected:

char model_name[50];

float price;

public:

void acceptModelData() {

cout << "Enter Model Name: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(model_name, 50);

cout << "Enter Price: $";

cin >> price;

void displayModelData() {
 cout << "Model Name: " << model_name << endl;

cout << "Price: $" << price << endl;

};

class CarDetails : public Car, public Brand, public Model {

public:

void acceptCarDetails() {

cout << "Enter Car Details:" << endl;

acceptCarData();

acceptBrandData();

acceptModelData();

void displayCarDetails() {

cout << "\nDisplaying Car Details:" << endl;

displayCarData();

displayBrandData();

displayModelData();

};

void main() {

clrscr();

CarDetails carInfo; // Create an object of the CarDetails class

 carInfo.acceptCarDetails();

carInfo.displayCarDetails();

getch();

OUTPUT:

PRACTICAL NO.13
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class Rectangle {

protected:

float length;

float width;

public:

void acceptDimensions() {

cout << "Enter length of the rectangle: ";

cin >> length;

cout << "Enter width of the rectangle: ";

cin >> width;

};

class Area {

protected:

float area;

public:

void calculateArea(float l, float w) {

area = l * w;

void displayArea() {
 cout << "Area of the rectangle: " << area << endl;

};

class Perimeter {

protected:

float perimeter;

public:

void calculatePerimeter(float l, float w) {

perimeter = 2 * (l + w);

void displayPerimeter() {

cout << "Perimeter of the rectangle: " << perimeter << endl;

};

class RectangleDetails : public Rectangle, public Area, public Perimeter {

public:

void calculateAndDisplay() {

calculateArea(length, width);

displayArea();

calculatePerimeter(length, width);

displayPerimeter();

};
void main() {

clrscr();

RectangleDetails rectInfo; // Create an object of the RectangleDetails class

rectInfo.acceptDimensions();

rectInfo.calculateAndDisplay();

getch();

OUTPUT:

Write a C++ program for presentation of class hierarchy as below assume suitable data and function
members.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

class Cricketer {

protected:

char name[50];

int age;

public:

Cricketer(const char* _name, int _age) : age(_age) {

strncpy(name, _name, 50);

void displayDetails() {

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;

cout << "Age: " << age << " years" << endl;

};
class Bowler : public Cricketer {

protected:

int wickets;

public:

Bowler(const char* _name, int _age, int _wickets) : Cricketer(_name, _age), wickets(_wickets) {}

void displayBowlerDetails() {

cout << "Wickets Taken: " << wickets << endl;

};

class Batsman : public Cricketer {

protected:

int runsScored;

public:

Batsman(const char* _name, int _age, int _runsScored) : Cricketer(_name, _age),

runsScored(_runsScored) {}

void displayBatsmanDetails() {

cout << "Runs Scored: " << runsScored << endl;

};

class AllRounder : public Bowler, public Batsman {

public:
 AllRounder(const char* _name, int _age, int _wickets, int _runsScored)

: Bowler(_name, _age, _wickets), Batsman(_name, _age, _runsScored) {}

void displayAllRounderDetails() {

cout << "Wickets Taken: " << wickets << endl;

cout << "Runs Scored: " << runsScored << endl;

};

void main() {

clrscr();

Bowler bowler("James Anderson", 39, 617);

Batsman batsman("Virat Kohli", 33, 7540);

AllRounder allRounder("Shakib Al Hasan", 34, 225, 3861);

cout << "Bowler's Details:" << endl;

bowler.displayBowlerDetails();

cout << "\nBatsman's Details:" << endl;

batsman.displayBatsmanDetails();

cout << "\nAll-Rounder's Details:" << endl;

allRounder.displayAllRounderDetails();

getch();

OUTPUT:
PRACTICAL NO.14
Write a C++ declare a class members

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Book {

private:

char book_name[50];

char author_name[50];

float price;

public:

void input() {

cout << "Enter Book Name: ";

cin.getline(book_name, 50);
 cout << "Enter Author Name: ";

cin.getline(author_name, 50);

cout << "Enter Price: ";

cin >> price;

void display() {

cout << "Book Name: " << book_name << endl;

cout << "Author Name: " << author_name << endl;

cout << "Price: " << price << endl;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

// Create a pointer to a Book object

Book* bookPtr = new Book;

cout << "Enter book details:\n";

bookPtr->input();

cout << "\nBook Details:\n";

bookPtr->display();
 delete bookPtr; // Free the memory

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Box {

private:

float height;

float width;
 float breadth;

public:

void input() {

cout << "Enter Height: ";

cin >> height;

cout << "Enter Width: ";

cin >> width;

cout << "Enter Breadth: ";

cin >> breadth;

void display() {

cout << "Height: " << height << endl;

cout << "Width: " << width << endl;

cout << "Breadth: " << breadth << endl;

float calculateVolume() {

return height * width * breadth;

float calculateArea() {

return 2 * (height * width + width * breadth + height * breadth);

}
};

int main() {

clrscr();

// Create a pointer to a Box object

Box* boxPtr = new Box;

cout << "Enter box dimensions:\n";

boxPtr->input();

cout << "\nBox Dimensions:\n";

boxPtr->display();

float volume = boxPtr->calculateVolume();

float area = boxPtr->calculateArea();

cout << "\nVolume: " << volume << endl;

cout << "Surface Area: " << area << endl;

delete boxPtr; // Free the memory

getch();

return 0;

}
OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Birthday {

private:

int day;

int month;

int year;

public:

void input() {

cout << "Enter Day: ";

cin >> day;

 cout << "Enter Month: ";

cin >> month;

cout << "Enter Year: ";

cin >> year;

void display() {

cout << "Day: " << day << endl;

cout << "Month: " << month << endl;

cout << "Year: " << year << endl;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

const int numObjects = 5;

Birthday* birthdayArray = new Birthday[numObjects];

cout << "Enter birthday information for five people:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < numObjects; i++) {

cout << "\nPerson " << i + 1 << ":\n";

birthdayArray[i].input();

cout << "\nBirthday Information:\n";

 for (int i = 0; i < numObjects; i++) {

cout << "\nPerson " << i + 1 << ":\n";

birthdayArray[i].display();

delete[] birthdayArray; // Free the memory

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:
#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Polygon {

protected:

float width;

float height;

public:

Polygon(float w, float h) : width(w), height(h) {}

virtual float area() {

return 0.0;

};
class Rectangle : public Polygon {

public:

Rectangle(float w, float h) : Polygon(w, h) {}

float area() {

return width * height;

};

class Triangle : public Polygon {

public:

Triangle(float w, float h) : Polygon(w, h) {}

float area() {

return 0.5 * width * height;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

// Create a pointer to a Rectangle object

Polygon* rectPtr = new Rectangle(5.0, 4.0);

// Create a pointer to a Triangle object

Polygon* triPtr = new Triangle(6.0, 3.0);

 // Calculate and display the areas

cout << "Area of Rectangle: " << rectPtr->area() << endl;

cout << "Area of Triangle: " << triPtr->area() << endl;

// Free the memory

delete rectPtr;

delete triPtr;

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>
class Counter {

private:

int count;

public:

Counter() : count(0) {}

void display() {

cout << "Count: " << count << endl;

// Overload the ++ operator (prefix)

Counter& operator++() {

count++;

return *this;

// Overload the -- operator (prefix)

Counter& operator--() {

count--;

return *this;

// Overload the ++ operator (postfix)

Counter operator++(int) {

Counter temp = *this;

count++;
 return temp;

// Overload the -- operator (postfix)

Counter operator--(int) {

Counter temp = *this;

count--;

return temp;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

Counter c;

c.display();

// Testing the increment (++) operator

c++;

c.display();

// Testing the decrement (--) operator

c--;

c.display();

// Testing the increment (++) operator (prefix)

++c;
 c.display();

// Testing the decrement (--) operator (prefix)

--c;

c.display();

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Complex {

private:

float real;
 float imag;

public:

Complex() : real(0.0), imag(0.0) {}

Complex(float r, float i) : real(r), imag(i) {}

void display() {

cout << real;

if (imag >= 0)

cout << " + " << imag << "i";

else

cout << " - " << -imag << "i";

cout << endl;

// Declare the friend function for addition

friend Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);

};

// Define the friend function to overload the + operator

Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {

return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);

int main() {

clrscr();
 Complex num1(3.0, 4.0); // 3 + 4i

Complex num2(1.5, 2.5); // 1.5 + 2.5i

Complex sum = num1 + num2; // Adding two complex numbers

cout << "Number 1: ";

num1.display();

cout << "Number 2: ";

num2.display();

cout << "Sum: ";

sum.display();

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:
#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class Binary {

private:

float value;

public:

Binary() : value(0.0) {}

Binary(float v) : value(v) {}

void display() {

cout << "Value: " << value << endl;

// Overload the addition (+) operator

 Binary operator+(const Binary& other) {

return Binary(value + other.value);

// Overload the subtraction (-) operator

Binary operator-(const Binary& other) {

return Binary(value - other.value);

// Overload the multiplication (*) operator

Binary operator*(const Binary& other) {

return Binary(value * other.value);

// Overload the division (/) operator

Binary operator/(const Binary& other) {

if (other.value != 0.0)

return Binary(value / other.value);

else {

cout << "Division by zero is not allowed." << endl;

return Binary();

};

int main() {

clrscr();
Binary num1(5.0);

Binary num2(3.0);

Binary result1 = num1 + num2;

Binary result2 = num1 - num2;

Binary result3 = num1 * num2;

Binary result4 = num1 / num2;

cout << "Number 1: ";

num1.display();

cout << "Number 2: ";

num2.display();

cout << "Addition: ";

result1.display();

cout << "Subtraction: ";

result2.display();

cout << "Multiplication: ";

result3.display();

cout << "Division: ";

result4.display();
 getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <string.h>

class StringCompare {

private:

char* str;

public:

StringCompare(const char* s) {

str = new char[strlen(s) + 1];

strcpy(str, s);
 }

// Overload the == operator

int operator==(const StringCompare& other) {

return strcmp(str, other.str) == 0;

// Destructor to free memory

~StringCompare() {

delete[] str;

};

int main() {

clrscr();

StringCompare str1("Hello");

StringCompare str2("World");

StringCompare str3("Hello");

if (str1 == str2) {

cout << "str1 is equal to str2" << endl;

} else {

cout << "str1 is not equal to str2" << endl;

if (str1 == str3) {
 cout << "str1 is equal to str3" << endl;

} else {

cout << "str1 is not equal to str3" << endl;

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

// Function to interchange two integers

void swap(int& a, int& b) {

int temp = a;
 a = b;

b = temp;

// Function to interchange two floats

void swap(float& a, float& b) {

float temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

// Function to interchange two characters

void swap(char& a, char& b) {

char temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

int main() {

clrscr();

int int1 = 5, int2 = 10;

float float1 = 2.5, float2 = 7.3;

char char1 = 'A', char2 = 'B';

cout << "Before swapping:\n";

cout << "int1: " << int1 << " int2: " << int2 << endl;
 cout << "float1: " << float1 << " float2: " << float2 << endl;

cout << "char1: " << char1 << " char2: " << char2 << endl;

swap(int1, int2);

swap(float1, float2);

swap(char1, char2);

cout << "\nAfter swapping:\n";

cout << "int1: " << int1 << " int2: " << int2 << endl;

cout << "float1: " << float1 << " float2: " << float2 << endl;

cout << "char1: " << char1 << " char2: " << char2 << endl;

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:
Write a C++ program that find the distance between two points in 2d and 3d space using function
overloading

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <math.h>

class Point2D {

private:

float x;

float y;

public:

Point2D(float x, float y) : x(x), y(y) {}

float distance(const Point2D& other) {

float dx = x - other.x;

float dy = y - other.y;

return sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);

};

class Point3D {

private:

float x;

float y;

float z;
public:

Point3D(float x, float y, float z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}

float distance(const Point3D& other) {

float dx = x - other.x;

float dy = y - other.y;

float dz = z - other.z;

return sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);

};

int main() {

clrscr();

Point2D point2D1(1.0, 2.0);

Point2D point2D2(4.0, 6.0);

Point3D point3D1(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);

Point3D point3D2(4.0, 6.0, 9.0);

float distance2D = point2D1.distance(point2D2);

float distance3D = point3D1.distance(point3D2);

cout << "Distance in 2D space: " << distance2D << endl;

cout << "Distance in 3D space: " << distance3D << endl;

getch();
 return 0;

OUTPUT:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>

const float PI = 3.14159265358979323846;

class AreaCalculator {
public:
// Calculate the area of a square
float calculateSquareArea(float side) {
return side * side;
}

// Calculate the area of a rectangle

float calculateRectangleArea(float length, float width) {
return length * width;
}

// Calculate the area of a circle

float calculateCircleArea(float radius) {
return PI * radius * radius;
}
 // Calculate the area of a triangle
float calculateTriangleArea(float base, float height) {
return 0.5 * base * height;
}

// Calculate the area of a trapezoid

float calculateTrapezoidArea(float base1, float base2, float height) {
return 0.5 * (base1 + base2) * height;
}
};

int main() {
clrscr();

AreaCalculator calculator;

// Square
float squareArea = calculator.calculateSquareArea(5.0);
cout << "Area of Square: " << squareArea << endl;

// Rectangle
float rectangleArea = calculator.calculateRectangleArea(6.0, 4.0);
cout << "Area of Rectangle: " << rectangleArea << endl;

// Circle
float circleArea = calculator.calculateCircleArea(3.0);
cout << "Area of Circle: " << circleArea << endl;

// Triangle
float triangleArea = calculator.calculateTriangleArea(4.0, 3.0);
cout << "Area of Triangle: " << triangleArea << endl;

// Trapezoid
float trapezoidArea = calculator.calculateTrapezoidArea(2.0, 6.0, 4.0);
cout << "Area of Trapezoid: " << trapezoidArea << endl;

getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

Write a C++ program ask to the user to enter file name to encrypt its content.

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <ctype.h> // For isalpha and islower

void encryptFileContent(const char* filename) {

ifstream inputFile(filename);

if (!inputFile) {

cout << "Unable to open the file: " << filename << endl;

return;

}
 ofstream outputFile("encrypted.txt");

if (!outputFile) {

cout << "Unable to create the output file." << endl;

return;

char ch;

const int shift = 3;

while (inputFile.get(ch)) {

if (isalpha(ch)) {

char base = (islower(ch)) ? 'a' : 'A';

ch = char(((ch - base + shift) % 26) + base);

outputFile.put(ch);

inputFile.close();

outputFile.close();

cout << "File content encrypted and saved to 'encrypted.txt'" << endl;

int main() {
 clrscr();

char filename[100];

cout << "Enter the file name to encrypt: ";

cin.getline(filename, sizeof(filename));

encryptFileContent(filename);

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Write a C++ program to merge two files.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <fstream.h>

#include <conio.h>

void mergeFiles(const char* file1, const char* file2, const char* outputFile) {

ifstream inputFile1(file1);

ifstream inputFile2(file2);

ofstream outputFileStream(outputFile);

if (!inputFile1 || !inputFile2 || !outputFileStream) {

cout << "Error opening files." << endl;

return;

char ch;

// Copy the contents of the first file to the output file

while (inputFile1.get(ch)) {

outputFileStream.put(ch);

// Copy the contents of the second file to the output file

while (inputFile2.get(ch)) {

outputFileStream.put(ch);

}
 inputFile1.close();

inputFile2.close();

outputFileStream.close();

cout << "Files merged successfully. Merged content is saved in '" << outputFile << "'"
<< endl;

int main() {

clrscr();

char file1[100];

char file2[100];

char outputFile[100];

cout << "Enter the first file name: ";

cin.getline(file1, sizeof(file1));

cout << "Enter the second file name: ";

cin.getline(file2, sizeof(file2));

cout << "Enter the output file name: ";

cin.getline(outputFile, sizeof(outputFile));
 mergeFiles(file1, file2, outputFile);

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Write a C++ program to Read and Display File’s Content.

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

#include <conio.h>

void displayFileContents(const char* filename) {

ifstream file(filename);
 if (!file) {

cout << "Unable to open the file: " << filename << endl;

return;

char ch;

while (file.get(ch)) {

cout << ch;

file.close();

int main() {

clrscr();

char filename[100];

cout << "Enter the file name: ";

cin.getline(filename, sizeof(filename));

displayFileContents(filename);
 getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Write a C++ program to List Files in Current Directory.

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <dir.h>

int main() {

clrscr();

struct ffblk ffblk;

 // Find the first file in the current directory

int result = findfirst("*.*", &ffblk, 0);

if (result == 0) {

do {

cout << ffblk.ff_name << endl;

} while (findnext(&ffblk) == 0);

getch();

return 0;

OUTPUT: